No. 26 9 30 March 2016 9 30 The Hostility of China and Taiwan on the Relationship between Indonesia after the September 30th Incident Kimihiko Baba There has been speculation that top Chinese government officials in collusion with the Chinese Communist Party CCP were behind the September 30th Incident G3S. At that time, the PKI Indonesian Communist Party numbered 3,000,000 members and was taking a pro-soviet stance. It was said that the Chinese intended to win the PKI over to their side under the leadership of pro-chinese President Sukarno. The Chinese thought they could further increase Communist influence in the country under Chinese control and expand the so called intermediate zone. However, the coup d etat failed and the PKI was outlawed. Red-baiting and the persecution of 3,000,000 Overseas Chinese in Indonesia followed. Suharto, who was a general at the time, seized power in order to unite with the Western powers and froze diplomatic relations with China. Taiwan took advantage of this situation and launched an active strategic operation in Indonesia. In response, China criticized Indonesia, branding it a Suharto-Nasution fascist military regime. China also initiated a campaign to criticize the Indonesian policy of Expelling Chinese and anti-chinese. In the meantime, the persecution of Overseas Chinese continued to escalate, and China lost the diplomatic influence it used to exert over Indonesia. Concerned with the persecution of anti-communist pro-taiwan Chinese, Taiwan further strengthened its anti-communist, anti-china propaganda. In 1967, an armed uprising by the remnants of PKI took place in West Kalimantan. Seizing this opportunity, China launched a campaign praising this incident as an offensive for reversing the direction of the international Communist movement. Taiwan took another approach by focussing on the ethnic conflict between the Overseas Chinese in West Kalimantan and the Dayak ethnic minority, appealing to the international community to give humanitarian support to the Chinese and to adopt an anti-communist ideology. Around the time of the September 30th Incident, Indonesia s relationship with China and Taiwan was reversed. However, there was no mass migration of Indonesian Overseas Chinese to Taiwan as there was to China. Therefore, Indonesia did not establish proper diplomatic relations with Taiwan. As far as the Overseas Chinese issue was concerned, there was hardly any change from the old to the new order, i.e. from the Sukarno to the Suharto regime. If any change had been seen, it would have been only partial. The sporadic persecution of Overseas Chinese had worsened throughout the entire country and was becoming institutionalized. The policy toward the Overseas Chinese changed for the better with the rise of the democratization movement that eventually overthrew the Suharto regime in 1998. 81
1965 10 1 9 30 9 30 CCP PKI 1 Zhou Taomo CCP Taomo 2014 8 5 Aidit Tanti Yusuf Adjitorop 10 1 Taomo 2014; 51 2, Taomo 2015; 224 Chaerul Saleh PNI Ali Sastroamidjojo 500 10 1 CCP 10 16 40 10 20 2006; 27 PKI CCP 9 30 2 1963 PKI Taomo 2015; 222 PKI 1965 5 PKI Konfrontasi Nekolim 1965 6 2 AA 1 Nugroho Notosusanto & Ismail Saleh, The Coup Attempt of the September 30 Movement in Indonesia, 1968, Djakarta: Pembimbing 82
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