44 2012 2013 3 35 48 法人化後の国立大学の収入変動

37 法人化後の国立大学の収入変動 2009 2005 2010 2012 2012 2008 2009a 2010 16 18 17 20 2 4 2012

38 44 2012 17 22 (1) (2) 2012 5 GP COE 30 WPI 1 2012 17 22 16 17 22 17 17 19 2012

2012 39 5 1 6 1 5 2 6 2 2012 2 17 22 2,138 17 9.1% 676 17 2.9% 1,803 17 7.7% 84 383 686 2012

40 44 17 18 19 20 21 22 2 5 1 5 2 17 18 21 22 17 18 1 2

2012 41 3 0.7 0.8 1

42 44 3 3 190 41 65.9 26 17 18 21 22 17 18 17 18 100 2 1

2012 43 2 3 2 4

44 44 (1) 6 (2)

2012 45 (3) (4) (5) 2012 1) 20 21 21 2 3

46 44 2009 59 3 131-157 2009 1990 11 86-104 2006 3 191-223 2007 10 64-98 2010 12 77-84 2009 NISTEP REPORT No.122 2010 2010 2011 DISCUSSION PAPER No.80 2010 7 3-28 2007 10 263-274 2007 10 179-190 2010 12 85-103 2010 12 115-138 2005 2 43-52 2007 10 191-198 2009a 40 87-105 2009b 146-163 2012 15 49-70 2009 2011

2012 47 2010 12 145-154 2009 RIETI Policy Discussion Paper Series 09-J-008 2007 COE 27 93-102 2011 2 1 25-37 2004 1 123-134 2005 2 29-39 2007 10 54-63 2009 6 15-28 2006 PFI 3 33-58 2007a 10 248-262 2007b 10 209-238 2009 12 49-69 2010 12 19-30 2005 2007 10 199-208 2008 5 3-14 2010 12 104-114 2002 6 183-193 2007 10 157-178

48 44 Income changes of National University Corporations focusing on income items Kazunori SHIMA Following the incorporation of Japan s national universities, governmental block grants decreased. In response, the national universities have sought to expand their revenue streams to offset decreased governmental block grants. In that context, the purpose of this article is to clarify the income stream changes of national university corporations in Japan. The total income of all national universities, after incorporation, increased by 2.7 billion USD (2005 2011) (29.3 billion USD to 32.0 billion USD: 1USD=80.16YEN), while governmental block grants decreased by 0.8 billion USD (13.3 billion USD to 12.5 billion USD / ratio of the item against the all incomes 45% -39%). The increase in university hospital incomes is the biggest factor in the next increase (84% of the total income increase / 7.6 billion USD to 9.8 billion USD / ratio of the item against the all incomes 26% -31%). Research grants and research contracts also increased (3.4 billion USD to 4.7 billion USD / 11% -15%), while tuition income decreased (4.2 billion USD to 4.1 billion USD / 14%-13%). Private donation income slightly increased from 0.78 billion USD to 0.83 billion USD (3% -3%). Current estimates suggest that in four years university hospital income might eclipse income from governmental block grants. In addition, it is worth noting that, unlike the United States and elsewhere, when the Japanese government decreased the block grants, tuition income decreased as well. Focusing on the individual university, there is a strong negative correlation between the size of total income and the decrease in the governmental block grant. On the other hand, there is a strong positive correlation between the size of total income and the increase in university hospital incomes, research contracts income and research grants. This means that the bigger universities, in terms of total income, the bigger the decrease in block grants they received. At the same time, they received larger increases in hospital income, research contracts income and research grant income. Only the change ratio of governmental block grants is significantly correlated (negatively) with the size of total incomes. This means that once the size of each university s total income is controlled, there is no clear correlation between the size of total income and the change ratio of other income, e.g., research grants income. However, the change ratio of total incomes is still positively correlated with the size of total university incomes. Above all, the size of total income of the national universities has a strong effect on the change ratio of total incomes. This means that under this financial arrangement, large and comprehensive universities have large advantages in earning money. This may pose certain risks to long term academic diversities and harmony among the national universities. Associate Professor, Research Institute for Higher Education (R.I.H.E.), Hiroshima University