13Eapple060402090008070602fi B6ｧ800, 02. 5, 02006 503080ｸ7070306080ｹ0 2006 ﾇ 00apple6ｧ9 03 0409 02080ｸ7 0300 02030602086ｦ0 apple 06040706 06086ｦ0 0402060ｹ0 06 apple0308040ｷ3apple0602 閨0ｹ0 0404 閨0400060ｹ0 020ｷ307 00 0309020607 02080ｸ7 04090008020602086ｦ0 6ｾ4040803006ｧ9080ｸ7 ﾞ0402 閨0306080ｹ0 6ﾒ204060703 0ｹ0 0403. ﾒ0806070ｷ30706020607 6ﾑ8apple06040209000607, 070402 03080ｹ0 040208 1008 04090008020602fi 6ｾ4040803006ｧ908 ﾇ0306086ｦ0apple0803090ｹ0 1. 05000ｷ30309020602fi 0903 6ｧ9040608 6ﾒ208 0300 02030602fi apple 0604076ｧ9 06 02 0207 09000706026ｧ8 0800080308096ｧ9 006ｧ907 06 0006 03 0402090306fi020902 apple0308-04 07 020803060400 閨0709 040208 apple 06 6ｧ9 0ｷ30ｹ0 6 70ｸ70408040ｷ300 0206026ｧ8 0803fi020902 02 06 040ｸ700apple00030603 006 507070006 02 02fi03080ｸ703 0402080604006ｧ9 : 00060009020602fi apple 0604076ｧ9 06, apple030804apple086ｧ9090409 0400 0404 閨0409 0000 02 07020602006ｧ90000-07, apple 0604076ｧ9 06 03fi03080ｸ7, 06 apple0308040ｷ3apple06026ｧ8 0303090300apple6ｧ9 03 0409 02 06 0300020206026ｧ8 00apple06020806070ｷ3076ｧ9 (McCullough, 2000, 6). ﾞ0ｸ702fi 0208 006ｧ9 080ｹ0 apple 06040706 06086ｦ0 000008 076ｧ9ｨB0002 06 07 006ｧ907 06 6 5 04060207 0006 000803086ｧ8 02 0303060200040706026ｧ80ｹ0 040ｸ700apple000306080803070ｹ0 0707000004 040208 040ｸ7006 508030602fi apple 0604076ｧ9 06 02 06 0209 0300 020306026ｧ8 02 閨040709 (Smilansky, 1968, 36). ﾌ06 03 0402090306fi020902000ｹ0 apple080ｸ7 000702070404080702 06 040208 0300 02030602fi apple 0604076ｧ9 06 040ｸ70700apple0709080702 06 020907 07 apple 03070402 0409 02 02 04020704000ｷ307 apple08-0008070ｷ300 閨07 6ｧ8 040ｸ707000309 02060207, 03070409 0000 0ｸ7apple086 50809036ｧ800 02 6ｧ8 0300020206026ｧ8 0303090300apple6ｧ9 03 0409 02 06 0907060409 020ｷ307 040ｸ7000000020004fi07020ｷ307 0906 020907 apple 0209036ｧ8 apple03 0900 020602fi020902 apple080ｸ7 apple00060208-076ｧ9ｨb0002 06 040208 apple03 6ｧ9040608 02080ｸ7 apple 06040706 06086ｦ0 (Johnson, 1998, 148 02 06 Bolton, 1998, 197). 09080303086ｧ9 00000300020902 閨0ｹ0 03000ｷ303086ｦ007 0208 0300 02030602fi apple 0604076ｧ9 06 0ｷ30ｹ0 apple03fi020ｸ7apple08 apple 0609070606 080ｸ70ｹ0 03-0402090306fi020902 0ｹ0, 0304 閨020ｸ7apple09 000803086ｧ8 000002 08080306026ｧ80ｹ0 0402 閨6 7090ｹ0 02 06 00 閨0408 0807020809 閨070004090ｹ0 020ｷ307 040ｸ7006 5080306020607 02 0303060200040706020607 040ｸ700apple0003060808030607 040208 apple 06 6ｧ9 (Rapp, 1984, 141 02 06 Haine, 1985, 187). ﾌ fi03080ｹ0 0300 02030602fi apple 0604076ｧ9 06 00apple0803006ｧ9 07 040ｸ700apple00030603076 50006 fi03 02 006ｧ9 09 02080ｸ7 apple 06040706 06086ｦ0 02090ｹ0 apple030804apple086ｧ90904090ｹ0, 0208 040ｸ7006 508030602fi, 0208 apple 0604076ｧ9 06 03fi03080ｸ7, 0208 apple 0604076ｧ9 06 02090ｹ0 apple0308040ｷ3apple08apple086ｧ90904090ｹ0, 0208 apple 0604076ｧ9 06 02090ｹ0 08 0702 046ｧ9 0ｹ0, 0208 060003000ｸ70709020602fi 02 06 0208 020806070ｷ3070608-03 00 020602fi apple 0604076ｧ9 06 (Torgerson, 2001, 9 02 06 Mellou, 1995, 105). 6ｾ40208 0300 02030602fi apple 0604076ｧ9 06 02 apple 06 0607 0001 0402086ｦ007 02060ｹ0 00040ｷ30200030602 閨0ｹ0 02080ｸ70ｹ0 040ｸ7006 508030602 閨0ｹ0 06-02 07fi020902000ｹ0, 00 閨04 applefi 020907 07 apple 03 0402 0206026ｧ8 02 06 000002 04040900 0206040206026ｧ8 03 0402090306fi0209-02, 6ｧ907080ｸ707 000803086ｧ8 040209 00080603 0400 閨0709 0000apple0006036ｧ9 02 06 06 020903086ｦ007 0209 03000602080ｸ703096ｧ9 02090ｹ0 020806-070ｷ30706026ｧ80ｹ0 00apple 086ｧ80ｹ0 (Miller, 1999, 9). ﾇ 040ｸ70000000208046ｧ8 040208 0300 02030602fi apple 0604076ｧ9 06 040ｸ70700apple07-090002 06 020806070ｷ30706026ｧ8 0303090300apple6ｧ9 03 0409, 040ｸ7006 508030602fi 000002 04040900 02060400fi 02 06 08 0702 046ｧ9, 02-03060ｹ0 02 apple 06 0607 07 apple 03060402086ｦ007 03fi03080ｸ70ｹ0 0400 apple03 0900 020602 閨0ｹ0 02 06 08 0702 04020602 閨0ｹ0 02 02-0402070400060ｹ0 (Bretherton, 1989, 384 02 06 Jones, 2000, 9).
13H 00apple6ｧ9 03 0409 02080ｸ7 0300 02030602086ｦ0 apple 06040706 06086ｦ0 0402060ｹ0 06 apple0308040ｷ3apple0602 閨0ｹ0 0404 閨0400060ｹ0 020ｷ307 00 0309020607 04090008020602086ｦ0 103 ﾇ 040ｸ70303080906026ｧ8 apple030804apple086ｧ9090409 040208 0300 02030602fi apple 0604076ｧ9 06 040209036ｧ9ｨB0002 06 0400 閨07 02080607fi 0ｸ7- applefi6 5 030308 02 02 07fi0904090ｹ0 020ｷ307 040ｸ7000000020004fi07020ｷ307 02 06 0400 閨07 02080607fi 046ｦ004020900 07 0808-03070ｹ0 02080ｸ7 040ｸ7006 5 020602086ｦ0 02fi0400080ｸ7 020807 08apple086ｧ908 6 5060607080ｸ707 (Goldman, 1998, 43). ﾌ 040ｸ7-07020807060400fi0ｹ0 0006 0ｹ0 02 閨020806 0ｹ0, 0004 07 07 03, 040ｸ700apple000306080803070ｹ0 006ｧ907 06 apple0603 07fi0ｹ0 00fi0708 fiapple080ｸ7 0ｸ7- apple0703040006 0006 06 apple03 0900 02006ｦ004060009 02 06 02 030306000309086ｦ000000709 0800 06026ｧ8 07026ｧ903096 709 0906 0208 0206 006ｧ907 06 09 0208060707 07 080003fi00000709 0ｷ30ｹ0 00 060ｸ7apple0802000600000706026ｧ803 0907060409 6ｧ8 030306060ｹ0 0208060707 00040ｷ3-0200030602000ｸ700 閨07 00040007070306 03 030704090ｹ0 (Nelson and Seidman, 1984, 45 02 06 Corsaro, 1983, 1). ﾌ06 0000apple030002fi0000070806 040208 0300 02030602fi apple 0604076ｧ9 06 0208006ｧ9ｨB080ｸ707 0402080ｸ70ｹ0 0ｸ70208040400 06 0400086ｦ00ｹ0 02080ｸ70ｹ0 6ｦ008 040ｸ704020900 020602 閨0ｹ0 00080308 閨0ｹ0 09070604090ｹ0. ﾞapplefi 0209 006ｧ9 006ｧ907 06 0806 040ｸ7006 50803060400086ｧ9 02080ｸ70ｹ0 0906 02060ｹ0 apple080306020604000602 閨0ｹ0 02 0ｸ702fi020902000ｹ0, 02080ｸ70ｹ0 03fi03080ｸ70ｹ0, 02 020806070ｷ307060207 0900090807fi02, 02080ｸ70ｹ0 0203fiapple080ｸ70ｹ0 08-0006036ｧ9 0ｹ0 02 06 02080ｸ70ｹ0 0203fiapple080ｸ70ｹ0 030704090ｹ0 (Fein, 1987, 287 02 06 Bolton, 1998, 271). ﾞapplefi 020907 07030309 006ｧ907 06 0ｸ702fi apple080ｸ7 閨04080ｸ707 00040ｷ30200030602006ｦ0040006 0806 040ｸ700000002 閨04080702000ｹ0 0906 0208 6ｧ9 0608 0208 0300-02030602fi apple 0604076ｧ9 06 (Sawyer, 1995, 146). 縺06 07 090006080ｸ703090903086ｦ007 0806 02 02 0402070400060ｹ0 apple0308-04apple086ｧ90904090ｹ0 040209 040ｸ700apple00030608080307 020ｷ307 apple 06 060607, 040ｸ7040707 096ｧ907080702 06 apple030802070400060ｹ0 0000 0209 000803-086ｧ8 apple03080402 020206026ｧ80ｹ0 閨0902030604090ｹ0 6ｧ8 0000 0209 04036ｧ80409 apple 030003030807020602086ｦ0 0403fi07080ｸ7 0ｷ30ｹ0 0ｸ7apple080300020602086ｦ0 03fi09080ｸ7 (Lindon, 2001, 43 02 06 Giffin, 1984, 81). 6ﾒ2 020003000ｸ702 6ｧ9 0403fi0706 apple 03 020903006ｧ902 06 06000307060ｹ0 0006 0ｸ7010900 閨0709 apple03080408046ｧ8 04020907 00apple6ｧ9-03 0409 apple080ｸ7 閨040006 0208 0300 02030602fi apple 0604076ｧ9 06 0400 0607080803080ｸ70ｹ0 020800006ｧ90ｹ0 02090ｹ0 0002apple 6ｧ9 000ｸ704090ｹ0 020ｷ307 apple 06 060607. ﾌ06 apple0003060404fi020003000ｹ0 000003 閨02000ｹ0 04 ｯ 0ｸ702fi 0208 0003000ｸ70709020602fi 07020602006ｧ900000708 00070208apple6ｧ9ｨB08-0702 06 0400 apple 06 0607 0000 0006 0602 閨0ｹ0 07070902000ｹ0 02 06 0400 apple 06 0607 02090ｹ0 apple03080404080306026ｧ80ｹ0 090ｷ3096ｧ80ｹ0. 00040807 08080307 02060ｹ0 apple0003060804 閨0ｹ0 0003000ｸ707090206026ｧ80ｹ0 000003 閨02090ｹ0, 0000030602 閨0ｹ0 閨03000ｸ707000ｹ0 0906 0208 0300 02030602fi apple 06-04076ｧ9 06 00apple0602000702030607080702 06 040208 03fi0308 apple080ｸ7 apple 6ｧ9ｨB0006 09 040ｸ70000000208046ｧ8 0400 03 00 020602 閨0ｹ0 03-0402090306fi020902000ｹ0 04020907 0707apple020ｸ70109 020ｷ307 09070ｷ3040206020607, 060403090206020607 02 06 040ｸ7006 5080306020607 00010608-026ｧ8020ｷ307 020ｷ307 apple 06 060607 (Fein, 1989, 345 02 06 McCullough, 2000, vi). 090303000ｹ0 閨03000ｸ707000ｹ0 00-04020607ｨB080ｸ707 0208 0007 06 08 閨030807 02080ｸ70ｹ0 040208 03fi0308 apple080ｸ7 apple 6ｧ9ｨB0006 09 apple0308040ｷ3apple0602fi020902 020ｷ307 0000apple0300-020800 閨070ｷ307 040209 090006080ｸ70309086ｦ000000709 apple0806fi020902 040208 0300 02030602fi apple 0604076ｧ9 06 (Lieberman, 1977, 48). 6ｧ909000ｹ0 閨03000ｸ707000ｹ0 0906 0208 0300 02030602fi apple 0604076ｧ9 06 080803086ｦ007 0208 apple0003060004fi00000708 020ｷ307 03 00-0206020607 03 040209030608026ｧ8020ｷ307 02 06 020907 00apple060303086ｧ8 apple080ｸ7 0402086ｦ007 04020907 0707apple020ｸ70109 020ｷ307 020806070ｷ3-0706020607 00010608026ｧ8020ｷ307 020ｷ307 040ｸ7000000020004fi07020ｷ307 04 ｯ 0ｸ702 閨0ｹ0 (Yassa, 1997, 11). 090303000ｹ0 閨03000ｸ707000ｹ0 00apple0602000702030607080702 06 04020907 00apple060303086ｧ8 02080ｸ7 0300 02030602086ｦ0 apple 06040706 06086ｦ0 0402060ｹ0 09030ｷ304040602 閨0ｹ0 02 06-08090909020602 閨0ｹ0 0602 07fi020902000ｹ0 020ｷ307 0000apple0300020800 閨070ｷ307 0400 03 00 020602 閨0ｹ0 03 0402090306fi020902000ｹ0, fiapple0ｷ30ｹ0, 00apple6ｧ904090ｹ0, 0207apple0806000ｹ0 000003 閨02000ｹ0 060003000ｸ707086ｦ007 02 00010003060202060207 040207 06 02080ｸ7 040ｸ7006 508030602086ｦ0 apple 06-040706 06086ｦ0 0000 6 5070409 020907 090306026ｧ9 02080ｸ7 apple 06 06086ｦ0 (McCune-Nicolish, 1981, 785 02 06 Piaget, 1962, 139). 6ﾒ2 閨03080ｹ0, 0207apple0806000ｹ0 000003 閨02000ｹ0 0004020607ｨB080ｸ707 0208 0007 06 08 閨030807 02080ｸ70ｹ0 0402060ｹ0 6 70ｸ704080300-03 apple000ｸ7020602 閨0ｹ0 00apple06 03070400060ｹ0 02080ｸ7 0300 02030602086ｦ0 apple 06040706 06086ｦ0 02 06 04020907 00apple060303086ｧ8 0002apple 06 000ｸ70206-020607 apple 03 00 閨02030ｷ307 applefi 020907 0008 030008096ｧ8 02080ｸ7 040208 04090008020602fi 6ｾ4040803006ｧ908 (Fineman, 1962, 167 02 06 Curry, 1974, 43).
13104 A0402 閨0306080ｹ0 T04060703 0ｹ0 2. 6ﾑ803000ｸ707090206026ｧ8 09030804 閨0909060409 2.1. 6ｾ40208applefi0ｹ0, 00 閨04 040ｸ7030308096ｧ80ｹ0 00 0800 閨070ｷ307 02 06 006ｧ90900 02090ｹ0 閨03000ｸ707 0ｹ0 ﾇ apple000603 00 0206026ｧ8 00 0ｹ0 apple 03 閨006 5 0409 04 03 020209036ｧ9ｨB0002 06 0ｷ30ｹ0 閨03000ｸ707 apple00 6ｧ9080ｸ7, 08086ｦ0 0600-070003096ｧ803090200 040208 080ｸ7040602fi apple0003066 50703030807 020ｷ307 0ｸ7apple0802000600 閨070ｷ307 02 06 000703060402 6ｧ9040ｷ30ｹ0 0ｸ70207 07 0604030707080702 06 0209 040ｸ70000000208046ｧ8 02080ｸ70ｹ0 04020907 apple000603 00 0206026ｧ8 06 0602 046ｧ9 (Hovland, 1959, 8 02 06 Argyle, 1996, 345). 6ｾ4 ｯ 0ｸ702fi 6 5086ｧ803090400 09 06 0602 046ｧ9 0ｸ70308apple086ｧ90904090ｹ0 02080ｸ7 fi03080ｸ7 apple000603 00 020602086ｦ0 0009040006036ｧ800 02080ｹ0 applefi 0208 070402 0308 02090ｹ0 020701090ｹ0, 06040200 07 000907 03-0308060ｷ303006ｧ9 0208 apple03 6ｧ9040608 020806070ｷ30706026ｧ80ｹ0 0303090300apple6ｧ9 03 04090ｹ0 020ｷ307 00 0309020607 02 06 07 000907 00apple09-0300 0402006ｧ9 0208 6 70ｸ70408020806070ｷ30706080308090602fi 02036ｧ900 02090ｹ0 0404080306026ｧ80ｹ0 080007 0ｹ0 0000 020907 000604 090ｷ3096ｧ8 0007fi0ｹ0 07 閨080ｸ7 00 閨03080ｸ70ｹ0, 02080ｸ7 0003000ｸ70709026ｧ8, 07026ｧ9 02080ｸ7 04020703080ｸ7 02090ｹ0 020701090ｹ0 (Kontos and Keyes, 1999, 35). ﾇ 6 5 0406026ｧ8 0003000ｸ707090206026ｧ8 0ｸ7applefi0300046ｧ8 00 0ｹ0 00070208apple6ｧ90402090200 040208 07 閨07 040ｸ709020002030600 閨0708 apple03fi- 0903 0000 060001 090ｷ3096ｧ80ｹ0 0300 020306020607 apple 06040706 060607 040209 0404080306026ｧ8 02070109 03 00apple06 03086ｦ00400 0300-02060207 0402060ｹ0 06 apple0308040ｷ3apple0602 閨0ｹ0 0404 閨0400060ｹ0 0806036ｧ9 0ｹ0 020ｷ307 0000030607 02090ｹ0 0404080306026ｧ80ｹ0 080007 0ｹ0. ﾇ - 03000ｸ707 apple03 0900 0208apple08066ｧ803090200 0400 060704020900 6ｦ008 00020607 (2000-2001). 6ﾒ208 006ｧ90900 020ｷ307 apple000603 00 0206020607 020701000ｷ307 02 06 020ｷ307 080007 0ｷ307 0003 閨0904080ｸ7 00036ｧ8080309, 04020907 apple03060209 00 閨0203090409, 040208 060704020900 0308 閨006 50306080ｹ0 - ｦﾐ 07080ｸ7070306080ｹ0, 06040200 07 0803006ｧ9 apple0003060306030608 0403fi07080ｸ7 0402080ｸ70ｹ0 00-030902 閨0ｹ0 07 09070ｷ303060402086ｦ007 000002 016ｦ0 02080ｸ70ｹ0. ﾌ 00apple 07 閨03000904080ｹ0 閨09060700 040208 060704020900 0907030206080ｹ0-090706080ｹ0, apple00036ｧ9apple080ｸ7 00000207 applefi 02 閨04040003060ｹ0 006ｧ807000ｹ0 02 06 0000 0208 apple 閨03 0ｹ0 02080ｸ7 apple000603 00 020602086ｦ0 apple0308-0903070000 02080ｹ0 apple 03 閨006 5 04090ｹ0. ﾇ 0403080706026ｧ8 060703020006 02090ｹ0 apple000603 00 0206026ｧ80ｹ0 apple 03 閨006 5 04090ｹ0 08036ｧ90402090200 0402060ｹ0 16 006 5 080007-000ｹ0 0000 0209 040ｸ70000000208046ｧ8 020ｷ307 00 0309020607 02080ｸ7 apple000603 00 020602086ｦ0 006ｧ90900 02080ｹ0 0400 0300 0203060207 apple 06-04076ｧ9 06 0906 0006 06 020206026ｧ8 0603 020907 006 5 080007. ﾇ 00apple060308096ｧ8 0ｸ702086ｦ0 02080ｸ7 0403080708 06-0903070000 02080ｹ0 02 0308036ｧ90402090200 applefi 0208 07 030ｸ7020602fi apple03fi0903 0000 06 0402 036ｧ9 0ｹ0 02080ｸ7 00 036ｧ8-00 02080ｹ0 02090ｹ0 0500 020306026ｧ80ｹ0 ﾞ090ｷ3096ｧ80ｹ0 040208 04090008020602fi 6ｾ4040803006ｧ908, 0208 08apple086ｧ908 apple0308 閨6 50300apple00 06-0402 036ｧ9 02080ｸ7 00 036ｧ800 02080ｹ0 0ｸ702086ｦ0 040208 000604fi 02080ｸ7 040408030602086ｦ0 閨02080ｸ70ｹ0. ﾌ06 0700010703020902000ｹ0 000002 6 5030902 閨0ｹ0 04020907 0003000ｸ707090206026ｧ8 00 0ｹ0 000003 閨0209 6ｧ802 07 0208 apple0003060004fi00000708 020ｷ307 03 040209030608026ｧ8020ｷ307 020ｷ307 0300 020306020607 apple 06040706 060607, 09 040ｷ300 0206026ｧ8 03070409 020ｷ307 00 0309-020607, 09 020806070ｷ30706026ｧ8 0303090300apple6ｧ9 03 0409 020ｷ307 0000030607 02090ｹ0 0404080306026ｧ80ｹ0 080007 0ｹ0 0000 0209 06 0000-040803076 5090409 02090ｹ0 0300020206026ｧ80ｹ0 02 06 0009 0300020206026ｧ80ｹ0 00apple06020806070ｷ3076ｧ9 0ｹ0, 09 090306026ｧ9 020ｷ307 00 0309020607 02 06 09 0009 040ｸ70000000208046ｧ8 00 0309020607 applefi 02060ｹ0 080007 000ｹ0 0003 閨0904080ｸ7 0400 apple 03fi000806000ｹ0 03 00 020602 閨0ｹ0 03-0402090306fi020902000ｹ0. 縺06 07 0003 閨0901080ｸ70000 02 036ｦ0020003 020907 00apple6ｧ9 03 0409 02090ｹ0 0700010703020902090ｹ0 000002-6 50309026ｧ80ｹ0 02080ｸ7 apple00030600040800 閨07080ｸ7 020ｷ307 03 00 0206020607 03 040209030608026ｧ8020ｷ307, fi03090200 0400 fi03080ｸ70ｹ0 02080ｸ70ｹ0 0002apple 06 000ｸ7020602086ｦ00ｹ0 0906 0008 030008096ｧ8 0208 6ｧ9 0608 閨07020ｸ7apple08 0ｸ7030602fi 0000 0ｸ7apple08 006ｧ90900 02 0300-020306020607 apple 06040706 060607 (6ﾒ204060703 0ｹ0, 2003, 391-401). ﾇ 0001 03020900 閨0709 000002 6 50309026ｧ8 04020907 閨03000ｸ70707 00 0ｹ0 6ｧ802 07 0806 06 apple0308040ｷ3apple0602 閨0ｹ0 0404 閨0400060ｹ0 0806-036ｧ9 0ｹ0. 縺06 07 000002036ｧ804080ｸ70000 020907 0001 03020900 閨0709 0003000ｸ707090206026ｧ8 000002 6 50309026ｧ8 00 06 apple0308040ｷ3apple06-02 閨0ｹ0 0404 閨0400060ｹ0 0806036ｧ9 0ｹ003, 04030904060008apple08066ｧ804 0000 020907 0106fiapple06040209 020806070ｷ30706080000020306026ｧ8 08020600-046ｧ9 02080ｸ7 J.L. 09oreno (Schutzenberger and Moreno, 1970, 475) apple030607 02 06 00000207 0208 02 閨03080ｹ0 02080ｸ7 apple000603 00 020602086ｦ0 apple03080903070000 02080ｹ0 apple 03 閨006 5 04090ｹ0, 0400 fi03000ｹ0 02060ｹ0 apple000603 00 020602 閨0ｹ0
13H 00apple6ｧ9 03 0409 02080ｸ7 0300 02030602086ｦ0 apple 06040706 06086ｦ0 0402060ｹ0 06 apple0308040ｷ3apple0602 閨0ｹ0 0404 閨0400060ｹ0 020ｷ307 00 0309020607 04090008020602086ｦ0 105 02070100060ｹ0 02 06 02060ｹ0 080007 000ｹ0 0003 閨0904080ｸ7. 0900 0209 000002 08080307 020ｷ307 00 0800 閨070ｷ307 02080ｸ7 020806070ｷ3070608-000002030602086ｦ0 02000402 0400 apple6ｧ907 02000ｹ0 0903 000006026ｧ80ｹ0 apple 030702 01090ｹ0 020ｷ307 0ｸ7apple0802000600 閨070ｷ307 04020807 090300-02020308070602fi 0ｸ7apple080308090604026ｧ8 090006080ｸ70309086ｦ00702 06 0806 02fi03080ｸ703000ｹ0 08020206 0001 03020900 閨07000ｹ0 000002-6 5030902 閨0ｹ0: 00086ｧ9 030800000ｹ0 閨030100060ｹ0, 000807fi 030800000ｹ0 閨030100060ｹ0, apple080008070ｷ300 閨070806, apple08030306apple02fi0000-070806, 090008080603006ｧ90ｹ0 ( 0402 閨03000ｹ0), 020300060402 閨0ｹ0 0800 閨0ｹ0 (02036ｧ902000ｹ0), 0708060402 閨0ｹ0 0800 閨0ｹ0 02 06 00086ｧ9-030800000ｹ0 apple0803036ｧ96 700060ｹ0. 6ｾ4020907 020806070ｷ30706080000020306026ｧ8 08020600 046ｧ9 apple00030603 006 50707080702 06 6ｦ008 00030ｷ3026ｧ80400060ｹ0. 6ﾒ2 apple 06 0607 02 03086ｦ00702 06 04020907 apple03060209 00030602090409 07 0903076 7080ｸ707 02036ｧ9 0807fi00 02 040ｸ70000 0309020607 02080ｸ70ｹ0 0000 02080ｸ70ｹ0 08apple086ｧ9080ｸ70ｹ0 03 6ｧ8030003 07 07 040ｸ707000309 0402086ｦ007 02 06 07 02 036ｧ904080ｸ707 00 ｨB6ｧ9 040208 0303 076ｧ908. ﾞ07026ｧ9030002, 040209 006ｦ002000309 00030602090409 02 apple 06 0607 02 03086ｦ00702 06 07 0903076 7080ｸ707 02036ｧ9 0807fi00 02 040ｸ70000 0309020607 02080ｸ70ｹ0 0000 02080ｸ70ｹ0 08apple086ｧ9080ｸ70ｹ0 0007 03 6ｧ8030003 07 07 040ｸ707000309 0402086ｦ007 02 06 07 02-036ｧ904080ｸ707 00 ｨB6ｧ9 040208 6ｧ9 0608 0303 076ｧ908 (6ｾ4 03036ｧ80ｹ0, 1995, 70 02 06 6ﾒ20406apple0309020703090ｹ0, 1992, 46). 6ｾ400 02036ｧ9 apple000603 00 02060207 02006ｧ800 02 02090ｹ0 6ｾ46ﾒ2 ｯ 020701090ｹ0 0008 0300fi0402090200 applefi 020807 0003000ｸ70709026ｧ8 02 閨0209 1997-1999 閨07 070703080908 apple03fi0903 0000 0300 020306020607 apple 06040706 060607 000702 0900 閨0708 040208 07 030ｸ7020602fi apple03fi0903 0000 02080ｸ7 04040803006ｧ9080ｸ7. 01030904060008apple08066ｧ8030902 07, 00apple6ｧ904090ｹ0, 020300060ｹ0 02070100060ｹ0 02090ｹ0 6ｧ9 06 0ｹ0 6 5 03006ｧ9 0ｹ0 0ｷ30ｹ0 080007 000ｹ0 0003 閨0904080ｸ7. ﾒ 0207 0209 060703020006 0ｸ7026ｧ80ｹ0 02090ｹ0 apple0308 閨03000ｸ707 0ｹ0 0ｸ7apple080308096ｧ90402090200 09 00 閨0409 020ｸ7apple06026ｧ8 applefi0203060409 02090ｹ0 06 080803070ｹ0 020ｷ307 0206000607 0402060ｹ0 000002 6 5030902 閨0ｹ0 02080ｸ7 020806070ｷ3070608000002030602086ｦ0 02000402 02080ｸ7 J.L. Moreno 0400 6ｦ008 06 08040602 閨0ｹ0 000002036ｧ80400060ｹ0. 0900 6 507-0409 020807 apple030804 060803060400fi 02090ｹ0 020ｸ7apple06026ｧ80ｹ0 applefi02030604090ｹ0 0402060ｹ0 apple000603 00 020602 閨0ｹ0 02070100060ｹ0 02 06 02060ｹ0 08-0007 000ｹ0 0003 閨0904080ｸ7 02 0207 020907 apple0308 閨03000ｸ707 0ｸ7apple080308096ｧ90402090200 08 03060300fi0ｹ0 020ｷ307 apple000603 00 0206020607 080007 0ｷ307 0400 15 040408030602 閨0ｹ0 02070100060ｹ0 02 06 08 03060300fi0ｹ0 020ｷ307 080007 0ｷ307 0003 閨0904080ｸ7 0400 10 0404080306-02 閨0ｹ0 02070100060ｹ0 (Lindzey, 1996, 87 02 06 Agresti and Finlay, 1997, 138). ﾞapplefi 020807 02 020703080908 02080ｸ7 08apple080ｸ70309006ｧ9080ｸ7 09 06 006ｧ9 0ｹ0 0000 apple000603 00 02060207 04040803006ｧ9 040209 0600-01 090ｷ3096ｧ8 02080ｸ7 0300 02030602086ｦ0 apple 06040706 06086ｦ0 02 06 apple0308040ｷ3apple06026ｧ8 apple0308 閨03000ｸ707 00070208apple6ｧ904020902 07 040408-03006ｧ9 0402 08apple086ｧ9 0ｸ7apple6ｧ80304 07 0806 0ｸ707 02fi020902000ｹ0 090006080ｸ703096ｧ9 0ｹ0 apple000603 00 0206020607 020701000ｷ307, 03fi- 090ｷ3 0404000206026ｧ80ｹ0 00apple0600fi03080ｷ304090ｹ0 020ｷ307 0002apple 06 000ｸ70206020607 040209 060001 090ｷ3096ｧ8 02080ｸ7 0300 02030602086ｦ0 apple 06-040706 06086ｦ0. ﾞapplefi 0ｸ70207 00apple0603 閨04030902 07 30 0409000802060207 6ｾ4040803006ｧ9 0402060ｹ0 0002apple 06 000ｸ7020602 閨0ｹ0 apple000306-08 閨030006000ｹ0: ﾇ0306086ｦ0apple0803090ｹ0, 04070807090ｹ0, ﾞ0309070607, ﾞ096ｧ9080ｸ7 0409000902036ｧ9080ｸ7, 03 閨080ｸ7 ﾇ03 0203006ｧ9080ｸ7, ﾒ00-03 020406076ｧ9080ｸ7, ﾞ06090703000ｷ3, ﾞ00 03080ｸ7046ｧ9080ｸ7, 0ｸ702fi6 5030ｸ704090ｹ0, 03 陦 0ｹ0 6ｾ4006ｦ00307090ｹ0, 6ﾒ2 6ｦ003080ｸ7, ﾞ036ｧ900080ｸ7 02 06 0608046ｧ90ｷ307. ﾞapplefi 0ｸ70207 02 04040803006ｧ9 0000 020ｸ704 6ｧ9 00060900 020803096 76ｧ9 0203090306030902 07 115 040408030602 閨0ｹ0 0207-0100060ｹ0 applefi 0209 006ｦ002000309 閨0ｷ30ｹ0 020907 閨020209 0404080306026ｧ8 6 5 03006ｧ9. 6ﾒ208 apple000603 00 020602fi 006ｧ90900-0802 0400 040ｸ7070803060207 02080ｸ70ｹ0 2.428 00 030902 閨0ｹ0 02080ｸ7 04090008020602086ｦ0 6ｾ4040803006ｧ9080ｸ7. ﾞapplefi 0ｸ702086ｦ00ｹ0 1.587 00 030902 閨0ｹ0 076ｧ802 07 0402060ｹ0 apple000603 00 020602 閨0ｹ0 080007 000ｹ0 02 06 841 0402060ｹ0 080007 000ｹ0 0003 閨0904080ｸ7 (0803. 096ｧ9-07 02 1). 6ｾ400 02070300 0404080306026ｧ8 6 5 03006ｧ9 040ｸ709020308026ｧ8030902 07 15 apple000603 00 020602 閨0ｹ0 02070100060ｹ0 02 06 10 02070100060ｹ0 0ｷ30ｹ0 080007 000ｹ0 0003 閨0904080ｸ7. ﾇ 036ｧ86 709 15 apple000603 00 0206020607 020701000ｷ307 040209 08 ｯ 6 5 03006ｧ9 6ｧ802 07 02 0207 6 5070409 060003000ｸ707090206026ｧ8, 縺06 ｯ 0ｸ702fi 0208 03fi0908 0007 00036ｧ808030904 07 040408030602 閨0ｹ0 02070100060ｹ0 02090ｹ0 006ｦ0020003090ｹ0 6 5 03006ｧ9 0ｹ0 0ｷ30ｹ0 080007 000ｹ0 0003 閨0904080ｸ7, 08086ｦ0 0402 apple 06 0607 02090ｹ0 apple030602090ｹ0 02 06 02090ｹ0 006ｦ0020003090ｹ0 020701090ｹ0 09 0806036ｧ9 0002080307ｨB0002 06 0000 apple0308040ｷ3030607 閨0ｹ0 040ｸ7040400026ｧ90400060ｹ0 040208 020806070ｷ3070608-000002030602fi 02000402 (James, 1993, 219).
13106 A0402 閨0306080ｹ0 T04060703 0ｹ0 09ｦﾐ03AKA6ｾ4 1: 09 03080ｸ7046ｧ9 0409 02090ｹ0 046ｦ007030004090ｹ0 02080ｸ7 apple0309030ｸ70400086ｦ0 02080ｸ7 0003000ｸ70709020602086ｦ0 006ｧ90900 02080ｹ0 ﾒ 02 0708006ｧ8 020ｷ307 0ｸ7apple0802000600 閨070ｷ307 02090ｹ0 閨03000ｸ707 0ｹ0 02 0207 02070109 02 06 086ｦ00308 09000603 00 020602 閨0ｹ0 ﾌ0007 000ｹ0 ﾌ0007 000ｹ0 6ﾑ803 閨0904080ｸ7 6ﾒ2 ﾞ6ｦ16ﾑ8ｦﾐ6ｾ4 ﾞ 罍ﾌ06ｦﾐ ﾞ ﾒ ﾌ06ｦﾐ6ﾒ26ｾ4ｦﾐ ﾞ 6ｾ40803 ﾌ ﾌ ﾞ 罍ﾌ06ｦﾐ ﾞ ﾒ ﾌ06ｦﾐ6ﾒ26ｾ4ｦﾐ ﾞ 6ｾ40803 ﾌ ﾌ 6ﾒ2 ﾞ6ｦ1 ﾇ 08 209 152 361 ｨC ｨC ｨC 6ﾒ2 ﾞ6ｦ1 ﾇ 172 148 320 112 102 214 6ﾒ2 ﾞ6ｦ1 ﾇ 04 144 149 293 97 111 208 6ﾒ2 ﾞ6ｦ1 ﾇ 6ﾑ8 158 149 307 108 95 203 6ﾒ2 ﾞ6ｦ1 ﾇ 6ｾ46ﾒ2 153 153 306 108 108 216 6ｾ40803 ﾌ ﾌ 836 751 1587 425 416 841 ｦﾐ 06 6ｧ902000309 閨0008 0409 fi03090200 040209 06 0602 046ｧ9 040ｸ700apple036ｧ8030ｷ304090ｹ0 020ｷ307 00030ｷ3020900 02080308-096ｧ90ｷ307. 6ﾑ8apple0607086ｧ803090200 閨07 04000707030608 0208 08apple086ｧ908 apple 03080ｸ7046ｧ9 ｨB00 08 0003000ｸ70709026ｧ80ｹ0 0402080ｸ70ｹ0 00 0309-02 閨0ｹ0 02 0207 020907 apple03060209 00apple6ｧ90402006 709 02 06 00000207 02060ｹ0 apple 03 6ｧ9020902000ｹ0 040ｸ70402070400060ｹ0 09070ｷ30306006ｧ9 0ｹ0, 06-040200 07 090006080ｸ703090903006ｧ9 02036ｧ900 0000apple06040208046ｦ007090ｹ0 0402080ｸ70ｹ0 00 030902 閨0ｹ0 0906 0208 applefi0303090208 020ｷ307 - apple 07026ｧ804000607 02080ｸ70ｹ0. ﾌ06 apple030804apple07030006 閨0ｹ0 00 0ｹ0 00070208apple6ｧ904020902 07 04020907 026ｧ803090409 00000308 0803080906026ｧ80ｹ0 0ｸ704020903fi020902 0ｹ0 02 06 04040803 040206026ｧ80ｹ0 00 閨03060007 0ｹ0 0906 090006080ｸ703096ｧ9 apple 0708000806fi020ｸ7apple0ｷ307 040ｸ7070309020607 060001 090ｷ3096ｧ80ｹ0 02090ｹ0 閨03000ｸ707 0ｹ0 0400 fi03000ｹ0 02060ｹ0 040408030602 閨0ｹ0 02070100060ｹ0 applefi 020807 6ｧ9 0608 0003000ｸ7-0709026ｧ8. ﾌ 0402fi04080ｹ0 02090ｹ0 0ｸ7040209036ｧ80ｹ0 020ｸ7apple0602fi020902 0ｹ0 apple080ｸ7 020903086ｦ00702 07 6ｧ802 07 07 apple 07026ｧ804080ｸ707 0806 00 030902 閨0ｹ0 0000 0006030602036ｧ9070006 0402060ｹ0 00030ｷ3026ｧ80400060ｹ0, apple03070900 apple080ｸ7 006ｧ907 06 02 06 0208 ｨB0902086ｦ000000708 04020907 020806070ｷ30706080000020306026ｧ8 00 閨0308 08 閨03000ｸ707 0ｹ0 (Schutzenberger and Moreno, 1970, 60). ﾌ 0403fi07080ｹ0 040ｸ700apple036ｧ8030ｷ304090ｹ0 020ｷ307 00030ｷ3020900 02080308096ｧ90ｷ307 0007 6ｧ802 07 02 030803060400 閨07080ｹ0, 09 06-0602 046ｧ9 040ｸ707000406ｨBfi02 07 00 閨040306 07 020003000606040006 02 06 08 020003000ｸ702 6ｧ9080ｹ0 00 0309026ｧ80ｹ0 (0009 0403080708-00000203086ｦ000000709 08020600 046ｧ9 ). 040007 00apple06020300applefi02 07 07 02080602070006 08 閨07 0ｹ0 00 0309026ｧ80ｹ0 0208 00030ｷ30209-00 020803fi090608 02080ｸ7 070303080ｸ7 086ｦ00200 08 070402 03080ｹ0 02090ｹ0 020701090ｹ0, 08 08apple086ｧ9080ｹ0 6 503060402fi02 07 04020907 02070109 040ｷ3036ｧ90ｹ0 07 apple 0300006 5 6ｧ9070006 04020907 fi0309 06 0602 046ｧ9. 6ｾ400 02070300 00apple6ｧ90402006 709 0402060ｹ0 040408030602 閨0ｹ0 0207-0100060ｹ0 020903086ｦ00702 07 apple030ｷ302fi0208030308, 040208 08apple086ｧ908 0ｸ7apple 閨0903 0800 08 06000ｸ7030ｸ707026ｧ80ｹ0 02080ｸ7 04040803006ｧ9080ｸ7. 2.2. 6ﾒ2 000ｸ7036ｧ800 02 02090ｹ0 閨03000ｸ707 0ｹ0 縺06 020907 02 010607fi00090409 02 06 0707030ｸ70409 020ｷ307 020806070ｷ30706080000020306020607 00 0800 閨070ｷ307 04030904060008apple08066ｧ803090200 0208 apple03fi0903 0000 00apple0001000309 046ｧ9 0ｹ0 SDAS 04020807 09030002020308070602fi 0ｸ7apple080308090604026ｧ8 (Langeheine, 1978, 189). H 0402 0206040206026ｧ8 00apple0001000309 046ｧ9 020ｷ307 0206000607 020ｷ307 020806070ｷ3070608-0000020306020607 000002 6 50309020607 閨09060700 0000 0209 04036ｧ80409 02080ｸ7 0402 020604020602086ｦ0 apple03080903070000 02080ｹ0 SPSS 10.00. H 00 閨0308 080ｹ0 0402 0206040206026ｧ80ｹ0 00apple0001000309 046ｧ9 0ｹ0 020ｷ307 00 0800 閨070ｷ307 apple080ｸ7 04030904060008apple08066ｧ8-03090200 6ｧ802 07 09 046ｦ0090203060409 02090ｹ0 06 080803070ｹ0 020ｷ307 00 閨040ｷ307 fi030ｷ307 020ｷ307 0206000607 0006 0ｹ0 000002 6 50309-026ｧ80ｹ0 apple080ｸ7 閨04080ｸ707 000002030903006ｧ9 04020907 6ｧ9 06 02036ｧ900 02, 0400 6ｦ008 06 08080300020602 閨0ｹ0 0402060900 閨0ｹ0, 0000 0208 0402 020604020602fi 020306026ｧ8030608 t-student 00086ｧ9apple03000ｸ703090ｹ0 02 02006ｦ0030ｸ70704090ｹ0 (09 03 0402000ｸ7fiapple080ｸ703080ｹ0, 1986, 118).
13H 00apple6ｧ9 03 0409 02080ｸ7 0300 02030602086ｦ0 apple 06040706 06086ｦ0 0402060ｹ0 06 apple0308040ｷ3apple0602 閨0ｹ0 0404 閨0400060ｹ0 020ｷ307 00 0309020607 04090008020602086ｦ0 107 08 0406026ｧ8 apple030800applefi03000409 02090ｹ0 0008 030008096ｧ80ｹ0 02080ｸ7 0402 020604020602086ｦ0 0203060209036ｧ9080ｸ7 t-student 006ｧ9-07 06: ) 0208 apple000603 00 020602fi 006ｧ90900 07 006ｧ907 06 020ｸ704 6ｧ908 02 06 6 5) 09 03000ｷ303086ｦ000000709 0ｷ30ｹ0 0001 030209-00 閨0709 000002 6 50309026ｧ8 07 020803080ｸ703006ｧ9 020907 02 07080706026ｧ8 02 02 0708006ｧ8, 02 06 040209 06026ｧ8 00 0ｹ0 apple00036ｧ9- apple020ｷ30409, 08086ｦ0 (03 < 30), 020907 t-02 02 0708006ｧ8 (026ｧ90306 0ｹ0, 1995, 338 02 06 09 03 0402000ｸ7fiapple080ｸ7-03080ｹ0, 1972, 149). 縺06 07 000100020704080ｸ70000 020907 apple03060209 apple030800applefi03000409 apple080ｸ7 apple 0602006ｧ902 06, 06040200 07 006ｧ907 06 0ｸ7-07 026ｧ8 09 04036ｧ80409 02080ｸ7 0402 020604020602086ｦ0 0203060209036ｧ9080ｸ7 t-student, 0008 0300fi04 0000 006ｧ9 08020600 046ｧ9 020ｸ7-04 06fi020902 0ｹ0 ( ﾒ086ｦ00706 02.07. 1994, 357) 0402060ｹ0 020600 閨0ｹ0 020ｷ307 0001 03020900 閨070ｷ307 000002 6 50309020607 02080ｸ7 020806-070ｷ30706080903070000 02080ｹ0 0000 0208 020306026ｧ8030608 020ｷ307 Wald ｨC Wolfowitz. (0803. 096ｧ907 02000ｹ0 2 02 06 3). 09ｦﾐ03AKA6ｾ4 2: 6ﾒ20600 閨0ｹ0 020ｷ307 apple0603 0708026ｧ8020ｷ307 02090ｹ0 08020600 046ｧ9 0ｹ0 020ｸ704 06fi020902 0ｹ0 0906 02060ｹ0 0001 03020900 閨07000ｹ0 000002 6 5030902 閨0ｹ0 020ｷ307 apple000603 00 0206020607 080007 0ｷ307 ﾒ0306026ｧ8030608 020ｷ307 03080607 (Wald ｨC Wolfowitz) 6ﾒ20600 閨0ｹ0 020ｷ307 apple0603 0708026ｧ8020ｷ307 (P) 090002 6 5030902 閨0ｹ0 6ﾒ2070109 08 6ﾒ2070109 6ﾒ2070109 04 6ﾒ2070109 6ﾑ8 6ﾒ2070109 6ｾ46ﾒ2 ﾞ00086ｧ9 030800000ｹ0 閨030100060ｹ0,971*,126*,905*,322*,761* 090807fi 030800000ｹ0 閨030100060ｹ0,322*,322*,545*,761*,905* ﾞapple080008070ｷ300 閨070806,761*,971*,761*,971*,905* ﾞapple08030306apple02fi0000070806,905*,825*,971*,238*,995* 04090008080603006ｧ90ｹ0,949*,098*,937*,133*,126* ﾞ0708060402 閨0ｹ0 0800 閨0ｹ0,322*,126*,126*,949*,126* ﾒ0300060402 閨0ｹ0 0800 閨0ｹ0,434*,322*,704*,322*,434* ﾞ0008. apple0803036ｧ96 700060ｹ0,238*,486*,657*,761*,434* 6ｾ40900006ｧ90ｷ30409: * p >.025 09ｦﾐ03AKA6ｾ4 3: 6ﾒ20600 閨0ｹ0 020ｷ307 apple0603 0708026ｧ8020ｷ307 02090ｹ0 08020600 046ｧ9 0ｹ0 020ｸ704 06fi020902 0ｹ0 0906 02060ｹ0 0001 03020900 閨07000ｹ0 000002 6 5030902 閨0ｹ0 020ｷ307 080007 0ｷ307 0003 閨0904080ｸ7 ﾒ0306026ｧ8030608 020ｷ307 03080607 (Wald ｨC Wolfowitz) 6ﾒ20600 閨0ｹ0 020ｷ307 apple0603 0708026ｧ8020ｷ307 (P) 090002 6 5030902 閨0ｹ0 6ﾒ2070109 6ﾒ2070109 04 6ﾒ2070109 6ﾑ8 6ﾒ2070109 6ｾ46ﾒ2 ﾞ00086ｧ9 030800000ｹ0 閨030100060ｹ0,971*,595*,917*,643* 090807fi 030800000ｹ0 閨030100060ｹ0,317*,317*,952*,595* ﾞapple080008070ｷ300 閨070806,778*,717*,467*,956* ﾞapple08030306apple02fi0000070806,778*,778*,810*,310* 04090008080603006ｧ90ｹ0,467*,778*,956*,643* ﾞ0708060402 閨0ｹ0 0800 閨0ｹ0,717*,778*,467*,467* ﾒ0300060402 閨0ｹ0 0800 閨0ｹ0,595*,310*,956*,467* ﾞ0008. apple0803036ｧ96 700060ｹ0,467*,310*,357*,167* 6ｾ40900006ｧ90ｷ30409: * p >.025
13108 A0402 閨0306080ｹ0 T04060703 0ｹ0 ﾞapplefi 02 00 0800 閨07 apple080ｸ7 apple 03080ｸ7040607ｨB080702 06 0402080ｸ70ｹ0 apple6ｧ907 02000ｹ0 2 02 06 3 apple 03 020903086ｦ00000 fi- 0206 09 0206006ｧ8 020ｷ307 apple0603 0708026ｧ8020ｷ307 0906 02070300 0001 03020900 閨0709 000002 6 50309026ｧ8 006ｧ907 06 000009 036ｦ002000309 - applefi 020907 02036ｧ904060009 0206006ｧ8 0,025 02 06, 02 0207 040ｸ707 鐶pple0006, 0007 00apple0803086ｦ00000 07 apple0803036ｧ96 7080ｸ70000 020907 0ｸ7applefi03000409 ﾇ 08 02090ｹ0 020ｸ704 06fi020902 0ｹ0 02080ｸ7 apple000603 00 020602086ｦ0 006ｧ90900 02080ｹ0 0400 040207030009 040900-07020602fi020902 0ｹ0 5%. 0903 0004fi00 040200 fi0206 0208 006ｧ90900 00 0ｹ0 006ｧ907 06 020ｸ704 6ｧ908. 09030802000600 閨07080ｸ7 07 000300090403006ｧ9 09 0ｸ7applefi03000409 apple00036ｧ9 02 0708070602fi020902 0ｹ0 02090ｹ0 02 02 0708006ｧ80ｹ0 02090ｹ0 0001 03020900 閨07090ｹ0 000002 6 50309026ｧ80ｹ0 04030904060008apple08066ｧ803090200 09 040ｸ7090203060206026ｧ8 00 閨0308 080ｹ0 01060803fi090904090ｹ0 020ｷ307 0003000ｸ707090206020607 00 0800 閨070ｷ307 apple030607 02 06 00000207 0208 apple000603 00 020602fi apple03fi0903 0000, 0000 0208 apple 03 000002030602fi 020306026ｧ8030608 t-student 02 06 0209 0009 apple 03 0000020306026ｧ8 08020600 046ｧ9 Wilcoxon (Agresti and Finlay, 1997, 233). H 046ｦ0090203060409 020ｷ307 0206000607 020ｷ307 apple0603 0708026ｧ8020ｷ307 02090ｹ0 0402 0206040206026ｧ80ｹ0 040900 07020602fi020902 0ｹ0 (P) 0906 02 6ｦ008 020306026ｧ80306, t-student 02 06 Z-Wilcoxon, 0007 陦00060100 040900 07020602 閨0ｹ0 06 080803 閨0ｹ0 (0803. 096ｧ907 02000ｹ0 4 02 06 5). ﾒ 0207 040ｸ707 鐶pple0006, 0ｸ7apple0803 閨02080ｸ70000 fi0206 0806 020600 閨0ｹ0 020ｷ307 0001 03020900-070ｷ307 000002 6 50309020607 020803080ｸ703o6ｦ007 020907 t-02 02 0708006ｧ8 02 06 0ｸ70608030002086ｦ00000 0209 04036ｧ80409 02080ｸ7 0402-020604020602086ｦ0 0203060209036ｧ9080ｸ7 t-student, 00086ｧ9apple03000ｸ703090ｹ0 02 02006ｦ0030ｸ70704090ｹ0, 040209 0402 0206040206026ｧ8 0707030ｸ7-0409 020ｷ307 03060300090206020607 00 0800 閨070ｷ307 02090ｹ0 02070300 0001 03020900 閨07090ｹ0 000002 6 50309026ｧ80ｹ0. 09000307060702 0ｹ0 0402 apple08020003 閨0400 02 02090ｹ0 0402 0206040206026ｧ80ｹ0 00apple0001000309 046ｧ9 0ｹ0 020ｷ307 0003000ｸ707090206-020607 00 0800 閨070ｷ307, 6 503 鐶pple080ｸ70000 0402080ｸ70ｹ0 apple6ｧ907 02000ｹ0 6 02 06 7 fi0206 0806 0003000ｸ70709020602 閨0ｹ0 00 0ｹ0 0ｸ7apple0803-0400060ｹ0 00apple066 5006 5 0606030902 07 000700 閨030006. 6ｾ400 fi03000ｹ0 02060ｹ0 040408030602 閨0ｹ0 6 5 03006ｧ9 000ｹ0 0402060ｹ0 08apple086ｧ9000ｹ0 0600016ｧ8-040309 09 apple000603 00 0206026ｧ8 apple 03 閨006 5 0409 00apple066 5006 5 0606070002 06 0402 02060402060207 09 03000206026ｧ8 00apple6ｧ9 03 0409 02080ｸ7 apple000603 00 020602086ｦ0 apple03080903070000 02080ｹ0 0402060ｹ0 0001 03020900 閨07000ｹ0 000002 6 5030902 閨0ｹ0: 00086ｧ9 030800000ｹ0 閨03-0100060ｹ0, 000807fi 030800000ｹ0 閨030100060ｹ0, apple080008070ｷ300 閨070806 02 06 0708060402 閨0ｹ0 0800 閨0ｹ0. 09ｦﾐ03AKA6ｾ4 4: ﾞ07 030ｸ70206026ｧ8 apple 03080ｸ7046ｧ9 0409 020ｷ307 040ｸ7090203060206020607 0206000607 020ｷ307 apple0603 0708026ｧ8020ｷ307 0906 02 6ｦ008 0402 02060402060207 020306026ｧ80306 (t 02 06 Z) 0402060ｹ0 apple000603 00 020602 閨0ｹ0 080007 000ｹ0 T0600 閨0ｹ0 020ｷ307 apple0603 0708026ｧ8020ｷ307 0707 0402 020604020602fi 020306026ｧ8030608 090002 6 5030902 閨0ｹ0 6ﾒ2070109 08 6ﾒ2070109 6ﾒ2070109 04 6ﾒ2070109 6ﾑ8 6ﾒ2070109 6ｾ46ﾒ2 ﾞ0008. 閨030100060ｹ0,006,006,004,008,004,007,001,004,004,005 090807fi 03. 閨030100060ｹ0,038,031,004,011,004,007,008,016,015,006 Aapple080008070ｷ300 閨070806,006,004,001,005,007,007,004,009,000,004 ﾞapple08030306apple02fi0000070806,541,580,452,506,843,748 1,00,904,698,625 04090008080603006ｧ90ｹ0,675,613,050,050,108,103,144,136,027,027 ﾞ0708060402 閨0ｹ0 0800 閨0ｹ0,007,007,016,031,000,004,013,018,001,004 ﾒ0300060402 閨0ｹ0 0800 閨0ｹ0,089,083,248,248,384,366,028,033,207,190 ﾞ0008. apple0803036ｧ96 700060ｹ0,299,328,521,507,395,417,843,972,927,944
13H 00apple6ｧ9 03 0409 02080ｸ7 0300 02030602086ｦ0 apple 06040706 06086ｦ0 0402060ｹ0 06 apple0308040ｷ3apple0602 閨0ｹ0 0404 閨0400060ｹ0 020ｷ307 00 0309020607 04090008020602086ｦ0 109 09ｦﾐ03AKA6ｾ4 5: ﾞ07 030ｸ70206026ｧ8 apple 03080ｸ7046ｧ9 0409 020ｷ307 040ｸ7090203060206020607 0206000607 020ｷ307 apple0603 0708026ｧ8020ｷ307 0906 02 6ｦ008 0402 02060402060207 020306026ｧ80306 (t 02 06 Z) 0402060ｹ0 080007 000ｹ0 0003 閨0904080ｸ7 T0600 閨0ｹ0 020ｷ307 apple0603 0708026ｧ8020ｷ307 0707 0402 020604020602fi 020306026ｧ8030608 090002 6 5030902 閨0ｹ0 6ﾒ2070109 6ﾒ2070109 04 6ﾒ2070109 6ﾑ8 6ﾒ2070109 6ｾ46ﾒ2 ﾞ0008. 閨030100060ｹ0,479,476,088,081,054,072,331,388 090807fi 03. 閨030100060ｹ0,090,136,002,011,045,074,259,340 Aapple080008070ｷ300 閨070806,138,129,028,032,023,031,309,317 ﾞapple08030306apple02fi0000070806,213,206,726,705 1,00,860 1,00 1,00 04090008080603006ｧ90ｹ0,474,480,087,084,058,054,037,039 ﾞ0708060402 閨0ｹ0 0800 閨0ｹ0,619,639,111,107,394,334,394,334 ﾒ0300060402 閨0ｹ0 0800 閨0ｹ0,168,157,434,380 1,00 1,00,443,434 ﾞ0008. apple0803036ｧ96 700060ｹ0,100,079,331,324,302,292,820,870 0903070900 0206, fiapple0ｷ30ｹ0 08 6ｧ9070002 06 0402080ｸ70ｹ0 apple6ｧ907 02000ｹ0 6 02 06 7, 0400 fi03000ｹ0 02060ｹ0 040408030602 閨0ｹ0 6 5 03006ｧ9-000ｹ0, 0402060ｹ0 apple 03 apple07070ｷ3 0001 03020900 閨07000ｹ0 000002 6 5030902 閨0ｹ0 0806 applefi030ｸ702000ｹ0 t-020600 閨0ｹ0 006ｧ907 06 000009 036ｦ0-020003000ｹ0 02fi0009 02 06 02090ｹ0 02036ｧ9040600090ｹ0 t-0206006ｧ80ｹ0 2,76 0000 29 6 5 0300086ｦ00ｹ0 0003000ｸ70300036ｧ9 0ｹ0 0400 040207030009 040900 07020602fi020902 0ｹ0 1%, 0903 6ｧ8 006ｧ907 06 0402 020604020602060ｹ0 040900 07020602 閨0ｹ0. ﾇ 016ｧ9 020ｷ307 apple0802000300040007020ｷ307 apple080ｸ7 apple0308 閨020ｸ76 7 07 applefi 0209 0402 0206040206026ｧ8 0707030ｸ70409 020ｷ307 00 0800 閨070ｷ307 0402060ｹ0 apple000603 00 020602 閨0ｹ0 080007 000ｹ0 00apple066 5006 5 0606070002 06 applefi 020907 00apple0001000309 046ｧ9 020ｷ307 0003000ｸ707090206020607 00 0800 閨070ｷ307 0402060ｹ0 080007 000ｹ0 0003 閨0904080ｸ7. 09ｦﾐ03AKA6ｾ4 6: ﾌ06 020600 閨0ｹ0 020ｷ307 apple0603 0708026ｧ8020ｷ307 0402060ｹ0 apple000603 00 020602 閨0ｹ0 02070100060ｹ0 0000 6 5070409 0208 0402 020604020602fi 020306026ｧ8030608 t (student) 6ﾒ20600 閨0ｹ0 020ｷ307 apple0603 0708026ｧ8020ｷ307 (P) 090002 6 5030902 閨0ｹ0 6ﾒ2070109 08 6ﾒ2070109 6ﾒ2070109 04 6ﾒ2070109 6ﾑ8 6ﾒ2070109 6ｾ46ﾒ2 ﾞ00086ｧ9 030800000ｹ0 閨030100060ｹ0,006**,004**,004**,001***,004** 090807fi 030800000ｹ0 閨030100060ｹ0,038*,004**,004**,008**,015** ﾞapple080008070ｷ300 閨070806,006**,001***,007**,004**,000*** ﾞapple08030306apple02fi0000070806,541,452,843 1,00,698 04090008080603006ｧ90ｹ0,675,050*,108,144,027* ﾞ0708060402 閨0ｹ0 0800 閨0ｹ0,007**,010**,000***,010**,001*** ﾒ0300060402 閨0ｹ0 0800 閨0ｹ0,089,248,384,028*,207 ﾞ0008. apple0803036ｧ96 700060ｹ0,299,521,395,843,927 6ｾ40900006ｧ90ｷ30409: * p<.05, ** p<.01, *** p<.001
13110 A0402 閨0306080ｹ0 T04060703 0ｹ0 09ｦﾐ03AKA6ｾ4 7: ﾌ06 020600 閨0ｹ0 02080ｸ7 0402 020604020602086ｦ0 0203060209036ｧ9080ｸ7 t (student) 0402060ｹ0 apple000603 00 020602 閨0ｹ0 080007 000ｹ0 6ﾒ20600 閨0ｹ0 0203060209036ｧ9080ｸ7 t - student 090002 6 5030902 閨0ｹ0 6ﾒ2070109 08 6ﾒ2070109 6ﾒ2070109 04 6ﾒ2070109 6ﾑ8 6ﾒ2070109 6ｾ46ﾒ2 ﾞ00086ｧ9 030800000ｹ0 閨030100060ｹ0-3,270-3,384-3,485-4,384-3,460 090807fi 030800000ｹ0 閨030100060ｹ0 2,295 3,389 3,474 3,061 2,781 ﾞapple080008070ｷ300 閨070806 3,239 4,001 3,143 3,384 4,675 ﾞapple08030306apple02fi0000070806 0,627 0,774 0,202 0,000 0,587 04090008080603006ｧ90ｹ0 1,226 2,073 1,718 1,432 2,567 ﾞ0708060402 閨0ｹ0 0800 閨0ｹ0-3,697-2,750-4,583-2,863-4,298 ﾒ0300060402 閨0ｹ0 0800 閨0ｹ0 1,825 1,169 0,889 2,442 1,323 ﾞ0008. apple0803036ｧ96 700060ｹ0 1,078 1,988 1,377 1,550 1,597 0903070900 0206, fiapple0ｷ30ｹ0 08 6ｧ9070002 06 0402080ｸ70ｹ0 apple6ｧ907 02000ｹ0 8 02 06 9, 0400 02 006ｧ9 0404080306026ｧ8 6 5 03006ｧ9 0007 apple0308026ｦ0apple020006 6ｦ001090409 02080ｸ7 03060300086ｦ0 020ｷ307 06 apple0308040ｷ3apple06020607 閨0301000ｷ307 apple080ｸ7 07 006ｧ907 06 0402 0206-0402060207 040900 070206026ｧ8. 090703060402, 0400 0803060400 閨07000ｹ0 040408030602 閨0ｹ0 6 5 03006ｧ9 000ｹ0 0806 applefi030ｸ702000ｹ0 t-020600 閨0ｹ0 006ｧ907 06 000009 036ｦ0020003000ｹ0 02090ｹ0 02036ｧ9040600090ｹ0 0206006ｧ80ｹ0 2,04 0400 04.04. 5%, 02 0207 040ｸ707 鐶pple0006 006ｧ907 06 0402-020604020602060ｹ0 040900 07020602 閨0ｹ0 apple03080ｹ0 020907 07026ｧ903000209 02 02006ｦ0030ｸ7070409 applefi 0ｸ7026ｧ8 020ｷ307 apple000603 00 0206020607 080007 0ｷ307, 0400 046ｦ0090203060409 0000 02060ｹ0 applefi030ｸ702000ｹ0 t-020600 閨0ｹ0 0906 02060ｹ0 6ｧ9 06000ｹ0 0001 03020900 閨07000ｹ0 000002-6 5030902 閨0ｹ0 (0803. 096ｧ907 02 9). 09ｦﾐ03AKA6ｾ4 8: ﾌ06 020600 閨0ｹ0 020ｷ307 apple0603 0708026ｧ8020ｷ307 0402060ｹ0 080007 000ｹ0 0003 閨0904080ｸ7 0000 6 5070409 0208 0402 020604020602fi 020306026ｧ8030608 t (student) 6ﾒ20600 閨0ｹ0 020ｷ307 apple0603 0708026ｧ8020ｷ307 (P) 090002 6 5030902 閨0ｹ0 6ﾒ2070109 6ﾒ2070109 04 6ﾒ2070109 6ﾑ8 6ﾒ2070109 6ｾ46ﾒ2 ﾞ00086ｧ9 030800000ｹ0 閨030100060ｹ0,479,088,054*,331 090807fi 030800000ｹ0 閨030100060ｹ0,090,002**,045*,259 ﾞapple080008070ｷ300 閨070806,138,028*,023*,309 ﾞapple08030306apple02fi0000070806,213,726 1,00 1,00 04090008080603006ｧ90ｹ0,434,087,058*,037* ﾞ0708060402 閨0ｹ0 0800 閨0ｹ0,619,111,394,394 ﾒ0300060402 閨0ｹ0 0800 閨0ｹ0,168,434 1,00,443 ﾞ0008. apple0803036ｧ96 700060ｹ0,100,331,302,820 6ｾ40900006ｧ90ｷ30409: * p<.05, ** p<.01, *** p<.001
13H 00apple6ｧ9 03 0409 02080ｸ7 0300 02030602086ｦ0 apple 06040706 06086ｦ0 0402060ｹ0 06 apple0308040ｷ3apple0602 閨0ｹ0 0404 閨0400060ｹ0 020ｷ307 00 0309020607 04090008020602086ｦ0 111 6ｾ402060ｹ0 0ｸ7applefi030806apple000ｹ0 02 閨04040003060ｹ0 0001 03020900 閨07000ｹ0 000002 6 5030902 閨0ｹ0 02090ｹ0 閨03000ｸ707 0ｹ0 0007 00apple066 5006 5 06-0603090200 0402 02060402060207 09 03000206026ｧ8 00apple6ｧ9 03 0409 02080ｸ7 apple000603 00 020602086ｦ0 apple03080903070000 02080ｹ0. 09030709-00 0206, fiapple0ｷ30ｹ0 08 6ｧ9070002 06 0402080ｸ70ｹ0 apple6ｧ907 02000ｹ0 6 02 06 7, 0400 fi03000ｹ0 02060ｹ0 040408030602 閨0ｹ0 6 5 03006ｧ9 000ｹ0, 0402060ｹ0 apple 03 apple07070ｷ3 0001 03020900 閨07000ｹ0 000002 6 5030902 閨0ｹ0, apple08030306apple02fi0000070806, 090008080603006ｧ90ｹ0, 020300060402 閨0ｹ0 08-00 閨0ｹ0 02 06 00086ｧ9 030800000ｹ0 apple0803036ｧ96 700060ｹ0, 0806 applefi030ｸ702000ｹ0 t-020600 閨0ｹ0 006ｧ907 06 00060203fi020003000ｹ0 02fi0009 02 06 02090ｹ0 02036ｧ9040600090ｹ0 t-0206006ｧ80ｹ0 2,76 0000 29 6 5 0300086ｦ00ｹ0 0003000ｸ70300036ｧ9 0ｹ0 0400 040207030009 040900 07020602fi020902 0ｹ0 1%, 0903 6ｧ8 006ｧ907 06 0402 020604020602060ｹ0 046ｧ800 0702000ｹ0. 09ｦﾐ03AKA6ｾ4 9: ﾌ06 020600 閨0ｹ0 02080ｸ7 0402 020604020602086ｦ0 0203060209036ｧ9080ｸ7 t (student) 0402060ｹ0 080007 000ｹ0 0003 閨0904080ｸ7 6ﾒ20600 閨0ｹ0 0203060209036ｧ9080ｸ7 t (student) 090002 6 5030902 閨0ｹ0 6ﾒ2070109 6ﾒ2070109 04 6ﾒ2070109 6ﾑ8 6ﾒ2070109 6ｾ46ﾒ2 ﾞ00086ｧ9 030800000ｹ0 閨030100060ｹ0 0,739 1,914 2,212 1,029 090807fi 030800000ｹ0 閨030100060ｹ0-1,898-4,247-2,327-1,204 ﾞapple080008070ｷ300 閨070806-1,627-2,623-2,739-1,078 ﾞapple08030306apple02fi0000070806-1,342-0,361 1,118 0,000 04090008080603006ｧ90ｹ0-0,818-1,922-2,077-2,449 ﾞ0708060402 閨0ｹ0 0800 閨0ｹ0 0,514 1,765 0,896 0,896 ﾒ0300060402 閨0ｹ0 0800 閨0ｹ0 1,500 0,818 0,000 0,802 ﾞ0008. apple0803036ｧ96 700060ｹ0 1,835 1,029 1,094 0,234 ﾇ apple03060209 06 apple6ｧ904020ｷ30409 apple080ｸ7 apple0308026ｦ0apple020006 applefi 0209 0402 0206040206026ｧ8 0707030ｸ70409 020ｷ307 0003000ｸ707090206020607 00 0800 閨070ｷ307 006ｧ907 06 09 03000206026ｧ8 00apple6ｧ9 03 0409 020ｷ307 03 040209030608026ｧ8020ｷ307 02080ｸ7 0300 02030602086ｦ0 apple 06040706 06086ｦ0 04020907 6ｦ001090409 02080ｸ7 03060300086ｦ0 020ｷ307 06 apple0308040ｷ3apple06020607 0404 閨04000ｷ307 0806036ｧ9 0ｹ0 020ｷ307 00 0309020607, 040209 00006ｧ90ｷ30409 02080ｸ7 03060300086ｦ0 020ｷ307 apple080008070ｷ300 閨070ｷ307 00 0309020607 02 06 040209 6 50003026ｧ90ｷ30409 02090ｹ0 06 apple0308040ｷ3apple06026ｧ80ｹ0 00apple06020806070ｷ3076ｧ9 0ｹ0 0707000004 0402 apple 06 0607. 02 6ｧ9070002 06, 00apple6ｧ904090ｹ0, fi0206 0ｸ7026ｧ8 09 03000206026ｧ8 00apple060303086ｧ8 02080ｸ7 0300 02030602086ｦ0 apple 06040706 06086ｦ0 0007 040400-026ｧ9ｨB0002 06 0000 020907 090306026ｧ9 020ｷ307 00 0309020607, 08086ｦ0 0400 fi03000ｹ0 02060ｹ0 040408030602 閨0ｹ0 6 5 03006ｧ9 000ｹ0 020ｷ307-07026ｧ904020806040ｷ307 0001 03020900 閨070ｷ307 000002 6 50309020607 00apple066 5006 5 0606030902 07 0806 apple03086 503 閨6 700060ｹ0 02090ｹ0 閨03000ｸ7-07 0ｹ0. ﾒ 0207 040ｸ707 鐶pple0006, 09 070001070302090209 000002 6 50309026ｧ8 00090306026ｧ9 020ｷ307 00 030902060703 0007 08 6ｧ9070002 06 07 03 07 0402 0302060207 040209 03000206026ｧ8 00apple6ｧ9 03 0409 02090ｹ0 0700010703020902090ｹ0 000002 6 50309026ｧ80ｹ0 00 03-0402090306fi020902000ｹ0 02080ｸ7 0300 02030602086ｦ0 apple 06040706 06086ｦ003 0402060ｹ0 06 apple0308040ｷ3apple0602 閨0ｹ0 0404 閨0400060ｹ0 0806036ｧ9 0ｹ0 020ｷ307 00 0309020607. 0906 07030309 040900 070206026ｧ8 06 apple6ｧ904020ｷ30409 006ｧ907 06 fi0206 09 000002 6 508036ｧ8 0402060ｹ0 020600 閨0ｹ0 02090ｹ0 0001 030209-00 閨07090ｹ0 000002 6 50309026ｧ80ｹ0 00 00086ｧ9 030800000ｹ0 閨030100060ｹ003, 0402060ｹ0 apple000603 00 020602 閨0ｹ0 02070100060ｹ0, 0007 0808006ｧ90300-02 06 04020907 00apple0007 閨03090006 apple030804 06fi030604020ｷ307, 020ｸ704 6ｧ90ｷ307 07000107030209020ｷ307 000002 6 50309020607. ﾞ0ｸ702fi 閨09060700 apple03fi 090308 0000 0209 0402 02060402060207 046ｧ800 070209 0206006ｧ8 020ｷ307 apple0603 0708026ｧ8020ｷ307 (p > 0,05) 0402060ｹ0 applefi030ｸ702000ｹ0 t-020600 閨0ｹ0 020ｷ307 6ｧ9 060ｷ307 0001 03020900 閨070ｷ307 000002 6 50309020607 0402060ｹ0 080007 000ｹ0 0003 閨0904080ｸ7.
13112 A0402 閨0306080ｹ0 T04060703 0ｹ0 3. 6ｾ40ｸ7ｨB6ｧ802090409-040ｸ700apple0003070400 02 6ﾒ2 apple08020003 閨0400 02 02090ｹ0 0003000ｸ707090206026ｧ80ｹ0 00 0ｹ0 000003 閨02090ｹ0 00apple066 5006 5 6ｧ90ｷ304 07 020907 026ｦ00306 00-03000ｸ707090206026ｧ8 0ｸ7applefi03000409, 08086ｦ0 0000 020907 0008 030008096ｧ8 02080ｸ7 apple 0300006 5 020602086ｦ0 apple03080903070000 02080ｹ0 0400 040408030602 閨0ｹ0 02070100060ｹ0 02090ｹ0 apple030ｷ302086 507030006 0ｹ0 0002apple 6ｧ9 000ｸ704090ｹ0 apple03086ｧ8040309 08 03060300fi0ｹ0 020ｷ307 06 - apple0308040ｷ3apple06020607 0404 閨04000ｷ307 0806036ｧ9 0ｹ0 000002 016ｦ0 020ｷ307 00 0309020607. ﾇ 00apple066 5006 5 6ｧ90ｷ30409 02090ｹ0 026ｦ00306 0ｹ0 apple03fi6 503006 7090ｹ0 02090ｹ0 閨03000ｸ707 0ｹ0 apple08 fi03090200 040209 03000206026ｧ8 00apple060303086ｧ8 020ｷ307 03 040209030608026ｧ8020ｷ307 02080ｸ7 0300 02030602086ｦ0 apple 06040706 06086ｦ0 0400 02070300 00 0309026ｧ8 020800060207, 030307 02 06 040209 0404080306026ｧ8 080007 0ｷ30ｹ0 046ｦ007080308, apple080ｸ7 00apple0903 陦 0400 0209 090006080ｸ703096ｧ9 08060306020607 0404 閨04000ｷ307 0707000004 0402 apple 06 0607 02 06 閨010ｷ3 applefi 0208 04060308 02090ｹ0 apple000603 00 0206026ｧ80ｹ0 apple 03 閨006 5 04090ｹ0. 6ﾑ806 0602fi020003, 09 040ｸ70000000208046ｧ8 020ｷ307 apple 06 060607 040208 0300 02030602fi apple 0604076ｧ9 06 陦0ｷ30400 0209 0ｸ707-02fi020902 0400 02070300 00 0309026ｧ8 07 09070ｷ3036ｧ9040006 020807 00 0ｸ702fi 02080ｸ7, 07 040ｸ7070006 090208apple08066ｧ8040006 02060ｹ0-0208000602 閨0ｹ0 02080ｸ7 0602 07fi020902000ｹ0, 07 07 apple026ｦ0010006 020907 0ｸ702080002026ｧ90009046ｧ8 02080ｸ7 02 06 07 08 09090903006ｧ9 000ｸ7-020803fi020003 04020907 00apple06020ｸ7046ｧ9 040208 04060308 020ｷ307 06 apple0308040ｷ3apple06020607 0404 閨04000ｷ307 (Blaney 02.07. 1977, 121 02 06 Bridgeman, 1981, 1231). 6ﾑ8apple6ｧ904090ｹ0, 02070300 00 0309026ｧ80ｹ0, 00 閨04 applefi 020907 03-03090300apple6ｧ9 03 046ｧ8 02080ｸ7 0000 02080ｸ70ｹ0 070303080ｸ70ｹ0, 000ｸ7 060403090208apple08066ｧ803090200 apple03080ｹ0 02060ｹ0 07070902000ｹ0, 02060ｹ0 00apple06030ｸ7006ｧ9000ｹ0 02 06 02060ｹ0 0402070400060ｹ0 020ｷ307 040ｸ70000 0309020607 02080ｸ7 (Courtney, 1989, 14 02 06 Boldstein, 1993, 37). 03020406, 6ｧ802 07 000ｸ7020803fi02000308 0906 02080ｸ70ｹ0 00 030902 閨0ｹ0 07 08 09090903086ｦ007 0400 09fi07060009-0702 0303 096ｧ8 applefi6 7000ｷ307, 07 040ｸ707000309 0402086ｦ007 02 06 07 00080603 0402086ｦ007 06 閨000ｹ0 02 06 02080607 閨0ｹ0 00-00apple0006036ｧ9000ｹ0, 0900090807fi0ｹ0 apple080ｸ7 000ｸ707fi090400 0209 6 50003026ｧ90ｷ30409 020ｷ307 06 apple0308040ｷ3apple06020607 02080ｸ70ｹ0 0404 閨04000ｷ307 (Doctoroff, 1997, 27 02 06 Erwin, 1993, 100). 6ﾒ2 apple 06 0607, 00 閨040ｷ3 02090ｹ0 0303090300apple6ｧ9 03 046ｧ80ｹ0 02080ｸ70ｹ0 040208 0300 02030602fi apple 0604076ｧ9 06, apple080202086ｦ007 0006 06 080803000206026ｧ8 07026ｧ903096 709 0906 020807 00 0ｸ702fi 02080ｸ70ｹ0 02 06 02080ｸ70ｹ0 070303080ｸ70ｹ0 (Byron, 1986, 120). 6ﾑ8apple06020806070ｷ307086ｦ007, 00apple6ｧ904090ｹ0, 00 閨04 applefi 閨07 06 08080300020602fi 0206 0602, 006 5036ｦ007080ｸ707 020907 02-02 07fi09046ｧ8 02080ｸ70ｹ0 0906 020807 02fi040008, 00 03 6ｧ907080ｸ707 6 5060ｷ300 02060207 02 06 000808 0607ｨB080702 06 0000 02 020703-030903000ｹ0 0000apple0006036ｧ9000ｹ0 0906 07 0702060000020ｷ3apple6ｧ904080ｸ707 0209 0000030308070206026ｧ8 02080ｸ70ｹ0 ｨB0ｷ36ｧ8 (Goldstein, 1988, 44). ﾇ 016ｧ9 020ｷ307 apple 03 apple07070ｷ3 000ｸ703090007020ｷ307 閨0902000602 06 040208 0900090807fi0ｹ0 fi0206 0006 apple08020003000400-0206026ｧ8 apple 03 閨006 5 0409 04020907 閨0702 0109 020ｷ307 apple080008070ｷ300 閨070ｷ307 00 0309020607 040209 0404080306026ｧ8 080007 00apple0803006ｧ9 07 apple080203 閨6 70006 02 apple03086 5036ｧ800 02 apple080ｸ7 0702060000020ｷ3apple6ｧ9ｨB080ｸ707 0ｸ70207 02 apple 06 0607 040209 0000-02 090007 閨0402000309 ｨB0ｷ36ｧ8 02080ｸ70ｹ0, 04020807 020800 陦 02090ｹ0 040ｸ707 0604030900 0206026ｧ80ｹ0 060408030308apple6ｧ9 0ｹ0 02 06 04020907 00- apple06020ｸ7046ｧ8 00apple 0909000300 0206026ｧ8 02 06 020806070ｷ30706026ｧ8 02080ｸ70ｹ0 閨0702 0109 (Rizzo, 1989, 130). 0906 07030309 06 apple6ｧ904020ｷ30409 apple080ｸ7 apple0308 閨020ｸ76 700 applefi 0209 000003 閨0209 006ｧ907 06 09 03000206026ｧ8 00apple6ｧ9 03 0409 020ｷ307 03 040209030608026ｧ8020ｷ307 02080ｸ7 0300 02030602086ｦ0 apple 06040706 06086ｦ0 040209 06 apple0308040ｷ3apple06026ｧ8 00apple06020806070ｷ3076ｧ9 020ｷ307 00 0309020607. ﾞ0ｸ702fi 閨09060700 apple03fi 090308 0000 020907 6ｦ001090409 02080ｸ7 03060300086ｦ0 020ｷ307 07080604020607 00- apple06020806070ｷ30706 020607 0404090007020ｷ307, 0900090807fi0ｹ0 apple080ｸ7 006ｧ904070006 fi0206 0208 0300 02030602fi apple 0604076ｧ9 06 06000ｸ7-0208036ｦ0070006 0006 000002076 5 0409 02090ｹ0 0404080306026ｧ80ｹ0 080007 0ｹ0 0400 閨07 0900080203 020602fi02000308 0203fiapple08 0803-0907070ｷ304090ｹ0, fi040807 08080307 02 6ｧ902020ｸ7 00apple06020806070ｷ3076ｧ9 0ｹ0 040208 00040ｷ30200030602fi 02090ｹ0 (Goldstein, 1988, 97 02 06 MacDonald, 1986, 3). ﾇ apple03fi02 046ｧ8 00 0ｹ0, 0000 6 5070409 02 apple08020003 閨0400 02 02090ｹ0 閨03000ｸ707 0ｹ0, 040ｸ7076ｧ90402 02 06 040209 0900076ｧ9-02000ｸ70409 02090ｹ0 0008 030008096ｧ80ｹ0 02080ｸ7 0300 02030602086ｦ0 apple 06040706 06086ｦ0 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13116 A0402 閨0306080ｹ0 T04060703 0ｹ0 Smilansky, S. (1968) The effect of sociodramatic play on culturally disadvantaged preschool children, New York: John Wiley & Sons. Torgerson, P.T. (2001) Influencing children ｯs gendered play preferences through play interventions, Thesis (Ed. D.), University of Washington. 6ﾒ204060703 0ｹ0, ﾞ. (2003) ﾇ 040ｸ7006 508036ｧ8 02080ｸ7 0300 02030602086ｦ0 apple 06040706 06086ｦ0 04020907 6 70ｸ70408020806070ｷ30706080308096ｧ9 02090ｹ0 0404080306-026ｧ80ｹ0 020701090ｹ0, 04020907 apple030ｷ302086 507030006 0002apple 6ｧ9 000ｸ70409, 0406 0202080306026ｧ8 0406 0203066 56ｧ8, 09070702000608 09 0700apple0604026ｧ8-000608 ﾒ0806070ｷ30706020607 02 06 090803060206020607 6ﾑ8apple06040209000607, ﾞ036ｧ807. 6ﾒ20406apple0309020703090ｹ0, ﾞ. (1992) 030ｸ70408020806070ｷ30706080308096ｧ9 02090ｹ0 0404080306026ｧ80ｹ0 020701090ｹ0, ﾞ036ｧ807.