74th lesson( レッスン第 74 回 ) (25-50 min) Today s Pattern( 今日のパターン ) Type 2 Conditional Clauses ( 条件節その 2: 仮定法過去 ) Today s Sentence ( 今日の例文 ): If you went by train, you would get there earlier. ( もしあなたが電車で行けば もっと早くそこに着くのですが ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Objectives of this material( このテキストの目的 ) 1. Broaden word expressions, not only to understand but also to construct them. ( 基本文型を理解するだけでなく 使いこなせるようになる ) 2. Gain confidence in speaking by completing simple practice conversations. ( 簡単な会話練習から始めて 英会話の自信をつける ) 3. Feel your progress and enjoy English! ( 自分の上達を実感し 英語を楽しむ ) Page 1
Previous Lessons Review( これまでのレッスンの復習 ) (5-10 mins) Directions: Practice the sentence pattern of your previous lessons.( これまで勉強したパ ターンを復習しましょう ) 0-1. Adverbial Clause -Place What can you say about the life of a famous person? Being famous is difficult., the press and fans always follow. 0-2. Adverbial Clauses- Manner The house is so messy. I wonder why it s so messy. It s a storm hit this place. 0-3. Adverbial Clause Manner and Truth In your country, do you enjoy watching talent shows? To tell the truth,. 0-4. Adverbial Clauses (in that / in so far as / except) What is the name of the best restaurant you ve been to? I think the best would be in that. 0-5. Type 1 Conditional Clauses What will you do tomorrow? If it s sunny,. Page 2
Grammar Review( 文法の復習 ) (5-10 mins) Type 2 Conditional clauses are used to talk about unreal situations in the present or in the future. Forms and Usage: If-clause Main clause Usage 1. If + simple past would + verb If I had a million dollars, I would travel the world. Expresses doubt or imagining something If I were you, I would invest in the stock market. Expresses an advice. 2. If + simple past might + verb If I knew how to swim, I might enter the Expresses a possibility. competition. 3. If + simple past If I had extra cash, could + verb I could buy a new phone. Expresses ability or permission. If granted access, I could change my username. Remember the Type 1 Conditional from Lesson 73? Can you spot the difference? Conditional Form Usage Example Type 1 If + simple present + Talking about If the weather clears, Conditional future tense possibilities in the present or future. I will go for a walk. Page 3
現在の事実に反する仮定を述べる条件法 ( 仮定法過去 ) もしも なら という条件を表す条件法( 仮定法ともいう ) のうち このレッスンでは もし今 なら だろうに という 現在の事実とことなる仮定を述べる条件法について勉強します もし今 なら という仮定を表す if 節では たとえ現在のことであっても動詞は過去形 be 動詞は主語の人称や単数 複数に were を用いるのが原則です また 口語では 1 3 人称単数には was も用いることがあります 一方 主節の動詞には過去形の助動詞 (would should could might など )+ 動詞の原形を用います 例文 : If I were better qualified, I would apply for the job. ( もし私にもっと能力があれば その仕事に応募するのですが ) If he knew the facts, he might tell us what to do. ( もし彼が事実を知っていたら 私たちにどうすべきか話すかもしれないのですが ) また 聞き手などへの忠告を If I were you If I were in your position などを用いて表現 することができます 例文 : If I were you, I would look for a better job. ( もし私があなたなら もっと良い仕事を探すのですが ) If I were in Jane s position, I would look for a new job. ( もし私がジェーンなら 新しい仕事を探すのですが ) Page 4
Exercise 1( エクササイズ 1) (2-4 mins) Directions: Repeat after your tutor.( 講師に続けて言ってください ) Example( 例文 ): If you went by train, you would get there earlier. ( もしあなたが電車で行けば もっと早くそこに着くのですが ) 1-1. If he weren t in a hurry, he would stay for dinner. ( 彼は夕食までいられるのですが ) he would pick you up from the hotel. ( 彼はあなたをホテルから連れてくるのですが ) he would feel relaxed and less stressed. ( 彼はくつろげて気が楽なのですが ) I might stop by the store. ( 私は店に寄れるのですが ) 1-2. If I won the lottery, I would take you to the concert. I might buy you a nice car. I could send my son abroad to study Medicine. I would ask her to marry me. Page 5
Exercise 2( エクササイズ 2) (2-4 mins) Directions: Complete the exercise below to make a sentence.( 下の文章を完成させてください ) Example( 例文 ): If you went by train, you would get there earlier. ( もしあなたが電車で行けば もっと早くそこに着くのですが ) 2-1. If you played a musical instrument, you join the school orchestra. ( もしあなたが楽器を演奏すれば 学校の管弦楽部に参加する ) 2-2. If I were fit, I go climbing. ( もし体調がよければ 登山する ) 2-3. If you passed the final exam, you graduate this year. ( もし最終試験に合格すれば あなたは今年卒業 ) 2-4. How could she lose the contest, if she the judges favorite? ( 彼女が審査員に気に入られ なぜコンテストで負けたのでしょうか ) 2-5. If I were in Sarah s position, I d the problem on my own. ( もし私がサラなら 自力で問題を ) Page 6
Exercise 3( エクササイズ 3) (3-6 mins) Directions: Match the words below to make a correct sentence or phrase. There may be multiple combinations. Choose the best answer.( 左と右の言葉を組み合わせて文章を完成 させてください 対応する組み合わせはひとつとは限りません ) If I 3-1. had a long vacation, pick the blue suit. 3-2. were you, I would I would visit my grandmother. 3-3. took my medicine, I would pay for my daughter s tuition. 3-4. went to my hometown, I would feel better. 3-5. were able to earn enough money, I would spend it in Europe. If he 3-6. bought some vegetables, he could ask for an extension. 3-7. slept early last night, he might ask his best friend. 3-8. didn t like the service, he might make a salad. 3-9. wanted advice, he could complain to the manager. 3-10. wanted more time, he wouldn t be so sleepy today. Page 7
Exercise 4( エクササイズ 4) (3-6 mins) Directions: Practice having a conversation with your tutor.( 講師と会話を練習しましょ う ) What would you do if it started to snow? If it <is starting / start / started> to snow, I might go snowboarding with my friends. Nice! Where would you go? If I were to choose, I would <prefer / preferred / preferring> going to the nearest mountain from our hometown. How long would it take you to get there? If you <drive / drove / will drive> your car, you could be there in 30 minutes. Is there another way to reach the place? Yes. If you went by boat, you could <reach / reached / reaches> the place within an hour. I want to try going there by boat. If I <were / am / had been> you, I d <take / took / taken> the car to save time. Page 8
Exercise 5( エクササイズ 5) (3-6 mins) Directions: Practice having a conversation with your tutor.( 講師と会話を練習しましょ う ) Are you doing a research for your major? ( 専攻の研究をしているの?) No, I m not, but my friend is. I would be doing research too, if I in a graduate school. ( ううん 友達はしているけど 大学院生 私も研究してたと思うけど ) Has your friend mentioned the progress of his research? ( 友達は研究の進度について何か言っている?) Not yet. If he me about it, I help him. ( 何も言ってない 私に くれれば 手伝う ) Does he have someone to supervise him? ( 指導してくれる人はいるの?) As of now, he is doing it on his own. If he any difficulty, he would ask someone for help. ( 今のところ 自分ひとりでやっているよ 困る 誰かに手伝ってもらうんじゃないかな ) That s difficult. He should have an adviser at least. ( 大変だね アドバイスしてくれる人くらいいたらいいのに ) I think so, too. If he, he would be able to finish his research on time. ( そうだよね もし 期日までに研究が終わるのに ) supervise: を指導する Page 9
Exercise 6( エクササイズ 6) (5-10 mins) Directions: Practice and enjoy a free talk with your tutor.( 講師とフリートークを楽しみ ながら練習してください ) Guide Questions from the tutor:( 講師は次の質問で会話を始めます ) 6-1. If you had one free day to do anything you want, what would you do? 6-2. If you were handed free opera tickets, would you go or sell them? Why? 6-3. If I asked your high school friends what they thought you would be doing today, what would they say? 6-4. What would you do if you weren t afraid of anything? Page 10