3 Rb 1
1 4 1.1 4 1. 4 5.1 LS 5. Hyperfine Structure 6 3 8 3.1 8 3. 8 4 11 4.1 11 5 14 5.1 External Cavity Laser Diode: ECLD 14 5. 16 5.3 Polarization Beam Splitter: PBS 17 5.4 Photo Diode: PD 17 5.5 : FP 17 5.6 Acoust-Optic Modulator: AOM 18 5.7 5.8 6Rb 1
7 7.1 7. ECLD 7.3 7.4 3 7.5 4 8 5 3
4 1 1.1 197 1 1 1. Rb 1
.1 LS LS L S = L + S (.1.1) L S L S = L + S, L + S 1,, L S (.1.) S + 1 ( S L) L + 1 ( S > L) ˆ H FS = ξ( L S) (.1.3) ξ L S = L + S ˆ S L H FS = ξ (.1.4) Ĥ fs (.1.3), L, S > ˆ ξ h <, L, S H FS, L, S >= L [ ( + 1) S( S + 1) L( + 1) ] (.1.5) 5
. Hyperfine Structure F F = + (..1) F F F = +, + 1,, (..) + 1 ( ) + 1 ( > ) k Hˆ ( ) HFS = k Hˆ HFS (..3) k k F,, > k < F Hˆ HFS F >= < F Hˆ ( ),,,,,, F,, > HFS k (..4) k = 1 1 1 6
7 ) ( ˆ ) (1 = A H HFS (..5) A = k 1 1 ( ) 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 3 6 ˆ () + + + = B H HFS (..6) B,... = 3,4,5 k 3 k 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 3 6,, ˆ,, + + + + >= < K K B AK F H F HFS (..7) [ ] 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1 + + + = F F K (..8) (..7) 1 1 1 =1 1
3 3.1 =, ± 1 F =, ± 1 = F F = g = e g = e 3. 1 Torr Torr 5 3 E t E t h (3..1) (3..1)E E = h (3..) (3..1)(3..) 1 π t (3..3) 8
1 τ τ = γ ) L( L( ) = 4π 1 γ π γ + ( ) (3..4) = Full Width of Half Maximum: FWHM = γ π (3..5) θ 1 + cosθ c (3..6) (3..6) c = cosθ (3..7) 1 = cosθ f ) m z z + z d z ( z 9
1 = T k m T k m f B z B z exp ) ( 1/ π (3..8) B k T z (3..8) = exp ) ( c T k m G B (3..9) = FWHM 1/ ln = m T k c B (3..1)
11 4 4.1 GHz ~ MHz GHz ~ MHz Fig4.1 1 Fig4. 3.1 Fig4. 1 N 1 1 N 1 Fig4.1 Fig4.
1 N 1 Fig4.3 Fig4. 1 Fig4.4 Fig4.3 Fig4.4
Fig4.5 3 Fig4.5 Fig4.5 1 1 3 4 1 5 3, >, 1 > 3 =( 4 )/ Fig4.5 1 4 1 Fig4.5 13
5 5.1 External Cavity Laser Diode: ECLD Laser Diode: LD GaAs Fig5.1 h W g < h < W W (5.1.1) fc fv W g W fc W fv W g < W W (5.1.1) h fc fv h ' Fig5.1 14
ECLD ECLD LD Littrow LD Littman-Metcalf Fig5.Fig5.3 Littrow Littman-Metcalf θ 1 θ m d λ ( sin θ θ ) mλ d 1 + sin = (5.1.) Fig5. Fig5.3 Littrow Fig5. Littrow LD 78nm d=1/18mm Fig5.4 78nm (5.1.)Littrow 1 45 1 LD PZT LD LD 15
LD PZT LD 8% mw khz Fig5.4 5. / /4 / /4 Fig5.5 Fig5.5 x y E E lin_ red lin_ blue = E xˆ sin( ωt + kz+ φ = E yˆ sin( ωt + kz+ φ lin_ red ) lin_ blue ) (5..1) Fig5.5 k xˆ yˆ 16
Fig5.5 E E lin_ red lin_ blue = E xˆ sin( ωt kz+ φ) + E = E xˆ sin( ωt + kz+ φ) + E yˆ sin( ωt kz+ φ + π / ) yˆ sin( ωt + kz+ φ π / ) (5..) xy 5.3 Polarization Beam Splitter: PBS PBS Fig5.6 5.4 Photo Diode: PD Fig5.6 LD PD 5.5 : FP FP Fig5.7 FP 1 Fig5.7 17
FP λ L 4 L = nλ n FP FP FSR FSR FSR FP FP AOM AOM 5.6 5.6 Acoust-Optic Modulator: AOM AOM PbMoO 4 L λ V f a n > πλ Lf a nv 4π (5.6.1) Fig5.8 1 1 θ B 18
θ B = sin 1 λ f a V (5.6.) θ B 9% 1 P 1 Fig5.8 a 1 sin ( K1 MeP a / λ ) (5.6.3) Me K 1 Pa 1 i d d =± f i a (5.6.4) f 1 AOM 1 1 + f a a 19
5.7 85 Rb 87 Rb Rb Rb 5.8 1 LD 6~7
6Rb S+1 L =,1,,3, L = S, P, D,... n L Fig6.1 Fig6.1 Rb 795nm D1 78nm D Fig6. 1
7 7.1 Fig6.1 D78nm Visual Basic 7. ECLD ECLD LD PZT 1 1mA LD PZT 1V PZT 7.3 Fig7.1 PZT
87 Rb 78.48nm78.34nm 85 Rb 78.45nm 78.36nm Fig7.1 7.4 Fig7. PZT AOM Fig7. 3
7.5 Fig7.3 MHz + 8 1 PZT Fig7.3 ECLD 1 8MHz 1 8MHz 4
5 8 ECLD 1 D 3 FWHM FWHM