Muḥammd Idrīs al-mahdī al-sanūsī RCC: the Revolutionary Command Council: Majlis Qiyāda al-thawrarcc RCC Anderson 1986; Harris1986; Vandewalle 2012; Wr
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1 Kyoto Bulletin of Islamic Area Studies, 10 (March 2017), pp * Tribalism and Localism in Modern Libyan Politics: A Study of Ruling Actors in the Transition Period from the Kingdom to Qadhdhāfī Regime TANAKA Yuki This paper examines the appointment of political elites and the transformation from the United Kingdom of Libya to the founding of the Great Socialist People s Libyan Arab al-jamāhīrīya established in First, this paper analyzes how Mu ammar Qadhdhāfī took power after the 1969 coup d état using the perspectives of Libyan tribalism and localism as its theoretical framework. In particular, localism is appropriate for analyzing modern Libyan politics because the United Kingdom of Libya was formed in 1951 by the three regions namely, Tripolitania, Cyrenaica and Fezzan. Second, to demonstrate the continuity and transformation of the political elites, this paper focuses on the allocation of political posts in the Kingdom of Libya ( ). During the federal era, the local tribal leaders obtained ministerial posts in the local governments; however, the central government abolished the federal system in The allocation of political posts to the Cyrenaican notables engaged with the King s aides, caused an imbalance among these regions. Additionally, the fact that the Sanusi did not assume the features of a ruling family; Herb (1999) indicated that the more political posts which were allocated within the ruling family, the more resilient the governments were. In 1969, the statement of the Free Officers Movement promised to root out corruption and guarantee equality among the Libyan citizens. However, this analysis shows that Qadhdhāfī appointed members of the prominent tribes of Cyrenaica as ministers and he made use of their power to manipulate the political institution and security organizations. Thus, despite his promises, Qadhdhāfī included the ousted regime. Qadhdhāfī deeply understood how difficult yet important it was to manipulate the stability of Libya s three regions and its tribal society. NATO Mu ammar al-qadhdhāfī *
2 Muḥammd Idrīs al-mahdī al-sanūsī RCC: the Revolutionary Command Council: Majlis Qiyāda al-thawrarcc RCC Anderson 1986; Harris1986; Vandewalle 2012; Wright 2010 Khadduri 1963
3 St. John 1987, 2002; Vandewalle 1998 Lillian Craig Harris Harris 1986: 139 Hanspeter Mattes Mattes 2011: Amal Obeidi: Amal Ubaydī temporary elites Obeidi 2011
4 Obeidi 2011 The Sanusi of Cyrenaica Edward Evan Evans-Pritchardtribe Evans-Pritchard 1949 qabīla Khadduri 1963 ASU ASU Wanīs al-qadhdhāfī ā ila
5 Fortes and Evans-Pritchard 1940 al-ṭarīqa al-sanūsīya II III IV Λιβύη Libia Wright 2010: 4 5 Κυρήνη Muḥammad bin Alī al-sanūsī, Aḥmad bin Idrīs al-fāsī
6 zāwiya Evans-Pritchard 1949 Umar al-mukhtār al-barā aṣa Aḥmad al-qaramānlī Sulaymān al-bārūnī Abd al-raḥmān Azzām al-jumhūrīya al-ṭarābulusīya 1978: Anderson 1986: 66 Imārāt Barqa Adrian Pelt al-jaghbūb 1978: 106 Toler 2013
7 al-mu tamar al-waṭanī al-ṭarābulusīya Aḥmad al-sayf al-nāṣir Habib 1979: al-mamlaka al-lībīya al-muttaḥida Dīwān Maḥmūd al-muntaṣirbey Ahmida 2009: 109 Aḥmad Ḥasan al-faqīh al-hịzb al-watạnī Salīm al-muntaṣiral-jabha al-waṭanīya al-muttaḥida Habib 1979; Khadduri 1963: Awlād Sulaymān Habib 1979: 64
8 * * * Europa Publications Limited Khadduri 1963: 216
9 Wālī Muḥammad Sāqizlī Ḥusayn Māziq Khadduri 1963 Habib 1979: Muḥy al-dīn Fikīnī TT T T T C CC F F Pargeter 2012: 35 The Libyan Mail 1968 (Aug. 4)
10 al- Ubaydāt ʻAbd al-ḥamīd al-bakūsh Herb 1999: : 79 Herb 1999: 191 Muḥammad al-riḍā al-mahdī al-sanūsī Ḥasan al-riḍā al-mahdī al-sanūsī Ibrāhīm al-shalḥī Herb 1999: amīr Herb 1999: 189
11 Ben-Halim 1998: 56, Muḥy al-dīn al-sharīf al-sanūsī RCC
12 RCC Blundy and Lycett 1987: al-jumhūrīya al- Arabīya al-lībīyarcc Sirt RCC RCC RCC RCC RCC Obeidi 2011: 115 RCC RCC RCC RCC T T T 1981
13 RCC Europa Publications Limited ; Obeidi 2011 RCC Abd al-salām Jallūd al-maqārḥa RCC maḥkama al-sha b Bashīr Huwādī Umar Abd Allāh al-muḥayshī RCC Aḥmad al-zubayr al-sanūsī
14 Europa Publications Limited ; Obeidi 2011 Bidwell 1998 Alī al-sāḥilī RCC Abd Allāh Ābid al-sharīf al-sanūsī The Libyan Mail 1970 (July 26)
15 RCC Ādam Sa īd al-ḥawwāz Mūsā Aḥmad The Libyan Mail 1969 (Dec. 14) Nyrop 1973: Aḥmad Sulaymān al-maghribī RCC RCC RCC K. John Cooley Cooley 1982 RCC RCC RCC RCC RCC U.S.Congress 1937: 161
16 2003: 4 5 RCC RCC RCC RCC RCC RCC RCC RCC M Political Dynasty Morone 2011 Umar al-kīkhiyā Fatḥī al-kīkhiyā Manṣūr al-kīkhiyā RCC ASU RCC
17 A A M RCC * Ḥāmid al- Ubaydī Abd al- Āṭī al- Ubaydī Europa Publications Limited
18 RCC RCC RCC RCC RCC RCC Abd al-fattāḥ Yūnus al- Ubaydī RCC Abū Zayd Dūrda Muḥammad al-zarūq Rajab Evans-Pritchard 1949
19 RCC RCC al-jamāhīrīya al- Arabīya al-lībīya al-sha bīya al-ishtirākīya al- Uẓmā
20 , Ahmida, Ali A The Making of Modern Libya: State Formation, Colonization, and Resistance. Albany [N.Y.]: SUNY Press. Anderson, Lisa The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and Libya, Princeton: Princeton University Press. Ben-Halim, Mustafa A Libya: The Years of Hope: The Memoirs of Mustafa Ahmed Ben-Halim, Former Prime-Minister of Libya. London: AAS Media Publishers. Bidwell, Robin Dictionary of Modern Arab History: An A to Z of Over 2000 Entries from 1798 to the Present Day. London: Kegan Paul. Blundy, David. and Andrew Lycett Qaddafi and the Libyan Revolution. Boston: Little, Brown. Cooley, John K Libyan Sandstorm. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Evans-Pritchard, Edward E The Sanusi of Cyrenaica. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Europa Publications Limited The Middle East and North Africa. London: Europa Publications. Fortes, Meyer and Edward E. Evans-Pritchard (eds.) African Political Systems. London: the Oxford University Press. Habib, Henry Libya Past and Present. Valletta, Malta: Edam Pub. House. Harris, Lillian C Libya: Qadhafi s Revolution and the Modern State. Boulder: Westview Press. Herb, Michel All in the Family: Absolutism, Revolution, and Democracy in Middle Eastern Monarchies. Albany: SUNY Press. Khadduri, Majid Modern Libya: A Study in Political Development. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press. Mattes, Hanspeter Formal and Informal Authority in Libya since 1969, in Dirk Vandewalle (ed.), Libya since 1969: Qadhafi s Revolution Revisited, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp Morone, Maria A Post-Qadhafi s Libya in Regional Complexity, ISPI Analysis (116) < > Nyrop, Richard F Area Handbook for Libya. Washington, D.C.: Stanford Research Institute and American University. Obeidi, Amal S Political Elites in Libya since 1969, in Dirk Vandewalle ed., Libya since 1969: Qadhafi s Revolution Revisited, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp Pargeter, Alison Libya: The Rise and Fall of Qaddafi. New Haven: Yale University Press. St. John, Bruce R Qaddafi s World Design: Libyan Foreign Policy London: Saqi Books.
21 Libya and the United States: Two Centuries of Strife. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. U.S.Congress Multinational Corporations and United States Foreign Policy. Hearings, Ninety-third Congress [Ninety-fourth Congress, second session]. Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Off. Vandewalle, Dirk J Libya since Independence: Oil and State-building. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press A History of Modern Libya. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Wright, John A History of Libya. New York: Columbia University Press. The Libyan Mail (August 4). Bakush Calls for Co-operation from Arab Countries, The Libyan Mail (December 14). The Coup Attempt Crushed, The Libyan Mail (July 26). New Coup Plot Uncovered:Arms Cache Found in Fezzan, The Libyan Mail. Toler, L. U (Febrary 6). GNC Decides on Elections, Adrian Pelt Would Be Pleased, Libya Herald. Al-Arabya News < > Asharq al-awsat < > Al-Wasat > Libya al-mostakbal < > Libya Herald < > Magharebia > The Tripoli Post < > The Guardian >
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