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1 The Japanese Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2002, Vol. 41, No. 2,

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9 V An introduction to human memory. Routledge & Kegan Paul.) Hay, D. C., & Young, A. W The human face. In A. W. Ellis (Ed.) Normality and pathology in cogni- tive functions. London: Academic Press. Bower, G. H., & Karlin, M. B Depth of processing pictures of faces and recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 103, Bruce, V Changing faces: Visual and non-visual coding processes in face recognition. British Journal of Psychology, 73, Bruce, V., & Young, A Understanding Face recognition. British Journal of Psychology, 77, Christie, F., & Bruce, V The role dynamic information in the recognition of unfamiliar faces. Memory & Cognition, 26, Feenan, K., & Snodgrass, J. G The effect of context of discrimination and bias in recognition memory for pictures and words. Memory & Cognition, 18, Patterson, K. E., & Baddeley, A. D When face recognition fails. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 3, Tulving, E., & Thomson, D. M Retrieval processes in recognition memory: Effects of associative context. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 87,

10 The Effects of Encoding on Recognition Memory for Faces KAYOKO KIHARA (Kyoto Women's University) Two experiments were performed to investigate the effects of encoding on facial recognition memory by using two types of personality traits and two types of presentation in rating. In Experiment 1, half of subjects rated impression of 30 faces in terms of expression-independent trait and another half of subjects rated impression of 30 faces in terms of expression-dependent trait. This was followed by an unexpected yes-no recognition test with the same person's expression-changed faces. The results showed that the performance of the expression-independent group was better than that of the expression-dependent group. In Experiment 2, presentation conditions and personality trait conditions were manipulated. In sequential presentation condition, three facial expressions of a person were presented sequentially, and subjects were asked to rate all of them together in terms of two types of personality traits. In distributed presentation condition, three facial expressions of a person were presented distributively, and subjects were asked to rate them separately in terms of two types of personality traits. This was followed by an unexpected expression-changed recognition test. The results showed that the performance of the sequential presentation condition groups was better than that of the distributed presentation condition groups, but there was no interaction between personality trait and presentation. It was suggested that the encoding process that led to integration of three expressions facilitated subjects' recognition memory for faces. Key words: recognition memory for faces, expression-changed recognition test, impression rating, sequential presentation, distributed presentation (

Table 1 Means and standard deviations of topic familiarity for the topics used in the study Note. standard deviations are in parenthesis.

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