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1 Vol. 51 No (Feb. 010) 1,, Borderless Canvas Quantitative Metrics for Extended Methods of Slide-based Presentation Methodology Kazutaka Kurihara, 1, Toshio Mochizuki,, 3 Hiroki Oura, 4 Mio Tsubakimoto, Toshihisa Nishimori, Jun Nakahara, Yuhei Yamauchi and Katashi Nagao 5 In this paper we propose quantitative metrics to enable discussing the effectiveness and the limitations of extended methods of slide-based presentation methodology, which is widely used and studied today. We define metrics to estimate such as how the presenter follows the prepared sequence of topics and how the presenter s behavior and every member of the audience s behavior differ. Then we develop a ZUI multi-display discussion software, Borderless Canvas, as a platform for calculating the metrics. The result of a situated datataking in a graduate school class for a semester shows an example usage of the metrics and their interpretation. Based on this, we discuss their effectiveness and limitation to apply them to evaluate extended methods of slide-based presentation methodology PowerPoint Keynote 1 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) The University of Tokyo 3 Senshu University 4 University of Washington 5 Nagoya University 391 c 010 Information Processing Society of Japan

2 39 3) 1),) 1 3) 6) 1 1 TIPS 7),8) 1 1 Zooming User Interface 1 Borderless Canvas 9) ZUI Zooming User Interface PowerPoint 1. Zooming User Interface ZUI ZUI ZUI 3) ZUI Perlin 10) CounterPoint

3 393 11) KidPad 1) Classroom 000 6) ClassroomPresenter 13) Livenotes 14) ConforMeeting/e 15) TabletPC Chiu 16) Zhang 17) MultiPresenter 18) Chen 19) Kurihara ZUI 0) PERSYST 7) SEGDON 8) ZUI Lock-on-chat 6) PhotoChat ) 9) ZUI Nagao 1) 3) PDF SmartCourier 4) 3. a b 1 1 a b linearity synchrony PowerPoint Keynote 1 ZUI 3.1 Linearity Linearity 1 linearity = 1 t ms m v m T m M m M T t m s m 1 v m PowerPoint Keynote s m v m 1 1 ZUI 1 1 Linearity 1 (1) linearity 1 1 1()

4 394 Fig. R Rectangle R that represents a view. Fig. 1 1 Linearity 1 Two examples whose linearities are 1 and a smaller value. 1 1 linearity Synchrony Synchrony 3 synchrony 1[ ] synchrony 1 1 synchrony 1 synchrony 3..1 ZUI ZUI Synchrony 3 Fig. 3 Distance between two views. ZUI X x R Y y R w R, h R 4 R R f { 1 w f(x, y) = R h R when (x, y) R 0 otherwise f(x, y) R (x, y) w R h R A B f a f b 3 A B A P (x 1,y 1) B Q(x,y ) PQ

5 395 PQ =(x 1 x ) +(y 1 y ) PQ f a f b PQ D (A B) D (A B) = PQ f a(x 1,y 1) f b (x,y ) da db A B Fig. 4 4 Synchrony 1[ ] Examples of synchrony calculation whose result is 1 [slide]. = w lx+ b 1 w ah aw b h b l x w b ly+ h b l y h b wa wa ha ha = 1 1 {(h a + w a)+1(l x + l y)+(h b + w b)} a = h a + w a b = h b + w b L = l x + l y D (A B) = 1 1 (a +1L + b ) PQ dy 1 dx 1 dy dx a b b a A 1 1 D (A B) D (A B) = 1 1 ( + 1L + b ) L 0 b a = D (A B) 1/3 D (A B) = D (A B) 1 3 A B 1/3 A = B 0 4 A B 1[ ] 4 A B 7 1[ ] synchrony A B 4. Borderless Canvas Borderless Canvas ZUI 0) Web 9) Borderless Canvas Borderless Annotation Sharing 5

396 Fig. 5 5 Borderless Canvas Overview of Borderless Canvas system.

1.4 Borderless Canvas Microsoft PowerPoint ZUI Web PC ClickOnce 6 Borderless

6 Overview of Zooming User Interface of Borderless Canvas system. 4.1.

6 396 Fig. 5 5 Borderless Canvas Overview of Borderless Canvas system. 7 Borderless Canvas Fig. 7 System configuration of Borderless Canvas Borderless Canvas Microsoft PowerPoint ZUI Web PC ClickOnce 6 Borderless Canvas Zooming User Interface Fig. 6 Overview of Zooming User Interface of Borderless Canvas system Borderless ZUI Information Space PC ZUI 10) Borderless Display Extension 4. Borderless Canvas 7 PC Web Borderless Canvas ID

7 397 Fig. 8 8 Group authentication and role decision. 10 Fig. 10 Functionalities of client software. 4.3 Borderless Canvas Web 9 Fig. 9 Interface of client software showing a slide. ClickOnce Borderless Canvas BC BC TIPS BC BC

1 BC 4 8 BC linearity 5.1. BC Tablet PC BC 100 50 1 11 5.1.3 3 1 4 4 1 1 BC BC Tablet PC 1 Tablet PC 13 Fig.

8 398 Fig Snapshot of a lecture for data-taking. Fig. 1 1 Borderless Canvas Example of the audience s comments on Borderless Canvas system during a lecture. 1 BC 4 8 BC linearity 5.1. BC Tablet PC BC BC BC Tablet PC 1 Tablet PC 13 Fig. 13 Snapshot of a student spontaneously navigating the view and commenting on the shared space. Tablet PC 13 1

9 399 3 i linearity synchrony BC linearity synchrony Linearity Synchrony Linearity linearity 14 4 linearity 1 linearity 1 linearity linearity Linearity Fig. 14 Time series of linearity. 15 synchrony Fig. 15 Time series of synchrony for each member of the audience. 5.. Synchrony 15 synchrony 1 1

400 17 4 synchrony Fig. 17 Time series of the average synchrony of all the member of the audience for the case #4.

synchrony 0[ ] synchrony 3 1 3 synchrony 16 3 synchrony 0[ ] synchrony 3 (μ =0.09 σ =1.88) (μ =0.94 σ =1.93) (μ =0.483 σ =5.

10 synchrony Fig. 17 Time series of the average synchrony of all the member of the audience for the case #4. synchrony 16 3 synchrony Fig. 16 Time series of the average synchrony of all the member of the audience for the 3 cases. synchrony 0[ ] synchrony synchrony 16 3 synchrony 0[ ] synchrony 3 (μ =0.09 σ =1.88) (μ =0.94 σ =1.93) (μ =0.483 σ =5.06) 1 / / synchrony 17 (μ =1.50 σ =10.8) Linearity 4 Linearity 1 linearity linearity linearity 5.3. Synchrony 1 3 synchrony

11 synchrony synchrony synchrony BC BC 4 OFF synchrony 6. linearity synchrony Borderless Canvas Borderless Canvas Web Borderless Canvas linearity synchrony Borderless Canvas 4) 3) ZUI = 5) Web Borderless Canvas Borderless Canvas MEET 1) JSET08-5 pp (008). ) (1997). 3) Vol.3, No.4, pp.14 5 (006). 4) Vol.3, No.4, pp (006). 5) Shadowgraph OHP WISS 08 pp (008).

40 6) Lock-on-Chat Vol.3, No.4, pp.69 75 (006). 7) Kurihara, K., Goto, M., Ogata, J., Matsusaka, Y. and Igarashi, T.

12 40 6) Lock-on-Chat Vol.3, No.4, pp (006). 7) Kurihara, K., Goto, M., Ogata, J., Matsusaka, Y. and Igarashi, T.: Presentation Sensei: A Presentation Training System using Speech and Image Processing, Proc. ICMI 07, pp (007). 8) 3 pp (007). 9) MEET Borderless Canvas. ( ) 10) Perlin, et al.: Pad: An Alternative Approach to the Computer Interface, Proc. SIGGRAPH 93, pp (1993). 11) Good, et al.: CounterPoint: Creating Jazzy Interactive Presentations, HCIL Tech. Report #001-03, University of Maryland (001). 1) Benford, S., Bederson, B., Akesson, K., Bayon, V., Druin, D., Hansson, P., Hourcade, J., Ingram, R., Neale, H., O Malley, C., Simsarian, K., Stanton, D., Sundblad, Y. and Taxen, G.: Designing Storytelling Technologies to Encourage Collaboration Between Young Children, Proc. CHI 00, pp (000). 13) Anderson, R., Anderson, R., Simon, B., Wolfman, S., VanDeGrift, T. and Yasuhara K.: Experiences with a Tablet PC Based Lecture Presentation System in Computer Science Courses, Proc. SIGCSE 04, pp.i ii (004). 14) Kam, M., Wang, J., Iles, A., Tse, E., Chiu, J., Glaser, D., Tarshish, O. and Canny, J.: Livenotes: A System for Cooperative and Augmented Note Taking in Lectures, Proc. CHI 05, pp (005). 15) NEC ConforMeeting/e. conformeeting/index.html ( ) 16) Chiu, et al.: Manipulating and Annotating Slides in a Multi-Display Environment, Proc. INTERACT 03, pp (003). 17) Zhang, et al.: A Presentation Authoring Tool for Media Devices Distributed Environment, Proc. ICME 04 (004). 18) Lanir, J., Booth, K.S. and Tang, A.: MultiPresenter: A presentation system for (very) large display surfaces, Proc. MM 08, pp (008). 19) Chen, Y., Chang, T. and Kuo, F.: Classroom Learning in a Dual-Screen-Based Environment, Proc. ED-MEDIA 08, pp (008). 0) Kurihara, K. and Igarashi, T.: A Flexible Presentation Tool for Diverse Multidisplay Environments, Proc. INTERACT 07, pp (007). 1) Nagao, K., Kaji, K., Yamamoto, D. and Tomobe, H.: Discussion Mining: Annotation-Based Knowledge Discovery from Real World Activities, Proc. PCM 004 Part 1, pp (004). ) PhotoChat Vol.49, No.6, pp (008). 3) 008-HCI-18/008-MUS-75 Vol.008, No.50, pp.37 4 (008). 4) SmartCourier Vol.17, No.3, pp (00). 5) 68 (006). 6) Abowd, G.D.: Classroom 000: An Experiment with the Instrumentation of a Living Educational Environment, IBM Systems Journal, Vol.38, No.4, pp (1999). 7) Ginsberg, A., Hodge, P., Lindestrom, T., Sampieri, B. and Shiau, D.: The Little Web Schoolhouse: Using Virtual Rooms to Create a Multimedia Distance Learning Environment, Proc. Multimedia 98, pp (1998). 8) Vol.39, No., pp (1998). 9) Vol.48, No.1, pp (007). ( ) ( ) DC ICT MVE

13 DC 18 0 ED-MEDIA008 Outstanding Paper Award CSCL009 Best Technology Design Paper Award ISLS

WISS 2008 [2] PowerPoint[7] KeyNote[8] ZUI(Zooming User Interface) ZUI 1. : Pad[9] CounterPoint[10] KidPad[11] ( ); ( ). [12] 3 4 [12] 5 3 TabletPC 2

WISS 2008 [2] PowerPoint[7] KeyNote[8] ZUI(Zooming User Interface) ZUI 1. : Pad[9] CounterPoint[10] KidPad[11] ( ); ( ). [12] 3 4 [12] 5 3 TabletPC 2 WISS2008 An Augmented Dining System for Cooking Optical Decorations and Storytelling Summary. 1 [1] 1 [2] 1 1 Flash Copyright is held by the author(s). Maki Mori,, Kazutaka Kurihara, /, Tsukada Koji,,