|
|
|
- しじん がうん
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 EFFECT OF STRENGTH TRAINING ON AGING MUSCLES OF ELDERLY PEOPLE SHINYA KUNG, HARUKA MURAKAMI, SHINO BABA, JUNDONG KIM and MASASHI KAMIOKA Abstract The ability to walk is just as important for the elderly as it is for young people. In fact, in the elderly, decreased mobility limits function in daily life and can lead to more serious situations (e.g., becoming bedridden). The elderly population has increased over the last decade, and many researchers have studied the mobility of the elderly. However, the focus of most studies has been to facilitate recovery of bedridden individuals and prevent the elderly from becoming bedridden, and particularly to prevent fall-induced fractures, which often cause the elderly to become bedridden. However, about 70-80% of the elderly population do not require care, and it is necessary to conduct research on the maintenance of activities of daily living to make it possible for the elderly to work or volunteer. From this perspective, mobility is an important physical factor. Mobility is dependent on muscle activity and it has long been known that aging reduces muscle mass. Therefore, it is feasible to assume that reduced muscle mass leads to decreased ability to walk, and we have proven that there is a close correlation between the two. When presenting the idea of strength training to the elderly, it is appropriate to focus on the maintenance and improvement of mobility, not on the training itself. The results of our research can be summarized as follows: Muscle mass decreases with age, with the legs being affected to a greater degree than the arms. Moreover, muscle atrophy is dependent on weakening of muscle fibers, especially fast-twitch (Type II) fibers. Reduced lower limb muscle mass increases the risk of falling and can decrease walking ability to a degree that can affect daily living activities. In order to improve reduced muscle mass in aging, it is important to use an exercise program that is designed to strengthen fast-twitch fibers, which can be followed even by the elderly. Since walking therapy mostly mobilizes slow twitch fibers, it is not effective in preventing and improving muscle atrophy. It is important to have an exercise program that is designed to mobilize fast-twitch fibers. (Jpn. J. Phys. Fitness Sports Med. 2003, 52 Suppl : 17 `30) key word : aging, muscle mass, fast-twitch fiber, atrophy, strength training
2
3 19 高齢 者 の 筋 特 性 と筋 力 トレー ニ ン グ と もな う筋 線 維 の 萎 縮 の メ カニ ズ ム や そ の抑 制 方 法 の 解 明 が 重 要 と な る. 3)後 期 高齢 者(75歳 以 上)の 筋 力 発揮 の特 徴 図3に は,69歳 か ら80歳 まで の 同 一 人 を対 象 に 筋 力 の縦 断 的変 化 の様 相 を示 した.筋 量 に大 き く 依 存 す る ア イソ メ トリ ックや 低 速 度 で の 等 速 性 筋 力 発揮 に お い て,80歳 で は70歳 時 に比 べ て明 らか に 低 値 を示 す.一 方,筋 量 の依 存 度 が 比 較 的 低 く, 筋 線 維 組 成 や 神経 系 の 要 因 の影 響 を よ り強 く受 け る高 速 で の 筋 力発 揮 に お い て,70歳 図2.加 齢 に よ る筋 力 低 下 の 仕 組 み2) か ら80歳 にか け ての 筋 力 低 下 度 は ア イ ソ メ トリ ッ クや低 速 で の 響 を比 較 的 受 け な い.し た が っ て,速 筋 線 維 の選 筋 力 発 揮 に比 べ て 非 常 に 小 さ い の が 特 徴 的 で あ 択 的 な萎 縮 は,筋 量 の低 下 に大 きな影 響 を及 ぼ す. 一方,60歳 以 降 に一 つ の 筋 肉 の 総 筋線 維 数 に 減 少 る.我 々 の デ ー タ に よれ ば,大 腿 部 伸 筋 群 の場 合, 70歳 代 か ら80歳 代 にか け て 男 女 と も約10%の が み られ る こ とが 明 らか に され て い る,し た が っ 断面 積 の低 下 が み られ る.こ の よ うな 筋 量 の 低 下 て,加 齢 に よ る筋 量 の 減 少 は,速 筋 線 維 の 選択 的 が,さ 萎 縮(遅 筋線 維 も速 筋 に比 べ る と割 合 は小 さい が に 日常 生活 で は,よ 萎 縮 す る)と 筋 線 維 数 の 減 少 の 相 乗 効 果 に よ って 会 が 多 い.し た が っ て,低 速 で の 筋 力 低 下 を抑 制 主 に もた ら され る と考 え られ る.そ こで,加 齢 に す る こ とは,高 齢 者 の生 活 機 能 を維 持 増 進 して よる 筋 力 低 下 の仕 組 み の フ ロ ー チ ャ ー トを図2に い くた め の 重 要 な課 題 とい え る. 示 した.筋 力低 下 を引 き起 こす 最大 要 因が 筋 量 の 低 下 で あ る こ とは 間違 い が な い で あ ろ う.な ぜ な らば,筋 力 は 筋 の 横 断 面 積 と比 例 関係 に あ る こ と 筋横 らな る筋 力 低 下 を導 くこ と に な る.一 般 的 り低 速 で の 筋 力 発 揮 をす る機 4)部 位 に よ る筋 力 低 下 に 相 違 が み られ る か? よ く老 化 は足 か ら とい う言 葉 を耳 に す る が,加 か ら,筋 量 の低 下 は筋 力 の低 下 を導 くため で あ る. 齢 に と もな う筋 力 の 低 下 度 は 上 肢 と下 肢 とで は異 また,動 物 実 験 の 結 果 か ら運 動 な どで 活動 量 が増 な る.図4に 加 して も加 齢 に と もな う筋 線 維 数 の 減 少 を抑 制 す 化 を示 した.上 肢 と下 肢 で は,下 肢 の 方 が 約10 る こ とは 困難 で あ る こ とが 示 され て い るの で,老 15%低 下率 が高 くな っ て い る.こ の 差 違 が 生 じる は,加 齢 に よ る上 肢 と下 肢 の 筋力 変 化抑 制 とい う立 場 に立 つ な らば,加 齢 や 不 活 動 に 図3.高 高 齢 者 の 筋 力(9名 の 縦 断 的 デ ー タ) 図4.加 齢 に伴 う上 肢 と下 肢 の 筋 力 変 化3)
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 26 久 野,村 慣(職 業 や 運 動 歴)に よ り,退 る こ と が 示 さ れ て い る.加 積 の 変 化 は,男 上,馬 行性 萎 縮 を予 防 で き 齢 に よる 大腰 筋横 断 面 子 で は50歳 代 で 初 め て20歳 代 に 比 べ て 統 計 的 に 有 意 に 減 少 し(20歳 代31.2±4.1,50 歳 代25.4±1.9,p<0.Ol),さ ら に そ れ は60歳 で さ ら に 進 む 傾 向 を 示 した(表7).し い こ と に,60歳 お い て は,年 代 前 半,後 か し興味 深 半 お よ び70歳 代 前 半 に か し な が ら,75歳 面 積 の 低 下 が そ れ ら の3群 図14.高 て も50歳 代 に お い て20歳 代 に 比 べ て 統 計 的 に 有 意 に 減 少 し た(20歳 代17.4±2.8,50歳 p<0.01).そ 性 にお い.01,VS20 29歳 代12.9±2.9, の 後 も加 齢 に と も な い 大 腰 筋 横 断 お,こ の大腰筋横断 面 積 に お け る 低下 率 に お け る 性 差 は ほ と ん ど み ら れ な い 傾 向 に あ っ た. 2)大 腰 筋 の横 断 面積 と歩 行 能 力 の 関 係 我 々 が 大 腰 筋 に と く に 着 目 した の は,大 腰筋が 歩 行 動 作 の 主 働 筋 の 一 つ で あ る た め で あ る.大 筋 の 減 少 率(20歳 他 の 筋 群,例 代 に対 し て)は,歩 腰 行 に関 係 す る え ば 大 腿 部 の 筋 群 と 比 べ て み る と, 齢 者 に お け る 筋 力 ト レーニ ン グ 実 施 習 慣 の 有 無 と 大 腰 筋MRI4) 表7.各 **p<0 以上 で は 横 断 と比較 して統 計 的 に 有 意 に 低 値 を 示 し た(p<0.05.表2).女 岡 面 積 は 低 下 傾 向 を 示 し た.な 代 代 間 の 横 断 面 積 に統 計 的 な 差 は 認 め ら れ な か っ た.し 場,金,上 年 代 お よび性 別 の 股 関 節 大腰 筋横 断面 積 の値4)
11
12 3) Asmussen E. Environmental Physiology Elsevier Science. (1980), ) Vandervoort A A. Aging of the human neuromuscu lar system.muscle Nerve, (2002), 25, ) Larsson L, Sjodin B, and Karlsson J. Histochemical and biochemical changes in human skeletal muscle with age in sedentary males, age 22 `65 years. Acta Physiol Scand, (1978), 103, ) Essen-Gustavsson B, and Borges O. Histochemical and metabolic characteristics of human skeletal muscle in relation to age. Acta Physiol Scand, (1986), 126, ) 5) Lexell J, Taylor C C, and Sjostrom M. What is the cause of the ageing atrophy? Total number, size and proportion of different fiber types studied in whole vastus lateralis muscle from 15- to 83-year-old men. J Neurol Sci, (1988), 84, ) Hakkinen K, Newton R U, Gordon S E, McCormick M, Volek J S, Nindl B C, Gotshalk L A, Campbell W W, Evans W J, Hakkinen A, Humphries B J, and Kraemer W J. Changes in muscle morphology, electromyographic activity, and force production characteristics during progressive strength training in young and older men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, (1998), 53, B ) Fiatarone M A, Marks E C, Ryan N D, Meredith C N, Lipsitz L A, and Evans W J. High-intensity strength training in nonagenarians. Effects on skeletal muscle. JAMA, (1990), 13, ) Welle S, Thornton C, and Statt M. Myofibrillar protein synthesis in young and old human subjects after three months of resistance training. Am J Physiol, (1995), 268, E ) Yarasheski K E, Zachwieja J J, and Bier D M. Acute
13 effects of resistance exercise on muscle protein synthesis rate in young and elderly men and women. Am J Physiol, (1993), 265, E ) Roth S M, Martel G F, Ivey F M, Lemmer J T, Tracy B L, Hurlbut D E, Metter E J, Hurley B F, and Rogers M A. Ultrastructural muscle damage in young vs. older men after high-volume, heavyresistance strength training. J Appl Physiol, (1999), 86, ) Phillips S M, Tipton K D, Aarsland A, Wolf S E, and Wolfe R R. Mixed muscle protein synthesis and breakdown after resistance exercise in humans. Am J Physiol, (1997), 273, E ) Deschenes M R, and Kraemer W J. Performance and physiologic adaptations to resistance training. Am J Phys Med Rehabil, (2002), 81, S ) Frontera W R, Meredith C N, O'Reilly K P, Knuttgen H G, amd Evans W J. Strength conditioning in older men ; skeletal muscle hypertrophy and improved function. J Appl Physiol, (1988), 64, ) Ivey F M, Roth S M, Ferrell R E, Tracy B L, Lem mer J T, Hurlbut D E, Martel G F, Siegel E L, Fozard J L, Metter E J, Fleg J L, and Burley B F. Effects of age, gender, and myostatin genotype on the hypertrophic response to heavy resistance strength training. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, (2000), 55, M ) Welle S, Totterman S, and Thornton C. Effect of age on muscle hypertrophy induced by resistance training. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, (1996), 51, M ) Morganti C M, Nelson M E, Fiatarone M A, Dallal G E, Economos C D, Crawford B M, and Evans W J. Strength improvements with 1 yr of progressive resistance training in older women. Med Sci Sports Exerc, (1995), 27, , 22) Charette S L, McEvoy L, Pyka G, Snow-Harter C, Guido D, Wiswell R A, and Marcus R. Muscle hypertrophy response to resistance training in older women. J Appl Physiol, (1991), 70, ) Larsson L. Physical training effects on muscle morphology in sedentary males at different ages. Med Sci Sports Exerc, (1982), 14, ) Taaffe D L, and Marcus R. Dynamic muscle strength alterations to detraining and retraining in elderly men. Clin Physiol, (1997), 17, , 25) Hikida R S, Staron R S, Hagerman F C, Walsh S, Kaiser E, Shell S, and Hervey S. Effects of highintensity resistance training on untrained older men. II. Muscle fiber characteristics and nucleocytoplasmic relationships. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, (2000), 55, B , 26) Williamson D L, Godard M P, Porter D A, Costill D L, and Trappe S W. resistance training reduces myosin heavy chain coexpression in single muscle fibers from older men. J Appl Physiol, (2000), 88, ) Rankinen T, Perusse L, Rauramaa R, Rivera M A, Wolfarth R B, and Bouchard C. The human gene map for performance and health-related fitness phenotypes ; the 2001 update. Med Sci Sports Exerc, (2002), 34, ) Seibert M J, Xue Q, Fried L P, and Walston J D. Polymorphic variation in the human myostatin (GDF-8) gene and association with strength measures in the Women's Health and Aging Study II cohort. J Am Geriatr Soc, (2001), 49, ) Roth S M, Schrager M A, Fwrrell R E, Riechman S E, Metter E J, Lynch N A, Lindle R S, and Ilurley B F. CNTF genotype is associated with muscular strength and quality in humans across the adult age span. J Appl Physiol, (2001), 90, ) Geusens P, Vandevyver C, Vanhoof J, Cassiman J, Boonen S, and Raus J. Quadriceps and grip strength are related to vitamin D receptor genotype in elderly nonobese women. J Bone Miner Res, 1997), 12, ) Van Pottelbergh I, Goemaere S, Nuytinck L, Paepe A D, and Kaufman J M. Association of the type I collagen alphal Spl polymorphism, bone density and upper limb muscle strength in communitydwelling elderly men. Osteoporos Int, (2001), 12, , 32) Folland J, Leach B, Little T, Hawker K, Myerson S, Montgomery H, and Jones D. Angiotensinconverting enzyme genotype affects the response of human skeletal muscle to functional overload. Exp Physiol, (2000), 85, ) Kuno S, Itai Y and Katsuta S. Influence of endurance training on muscle metabolism during exercise in elderly men. Adv Exerc Sports Physiol, (1994), 1,
Table 1 Muscle weight (g) and those ratio (%) in M. quadriceps femoris Table 2 Cross-sectional area (mm2) and those ratio (%) in M, quadriceps femoris
Table 1 Muscle weight (g) and those ratio (%) in M. quadriceps femoris Table 2 Cross-sectional area (mm2) and those ratio (%) in M, quadriceps femoris Fig. 1 Comparison of cross-sectional area in human
理学療法科学シリーズ臨床運動学第6版サンプル
μ μ μ μ μ α μ 1) Appell HJ: Skeletal muscle atrophy during immobilization. Int J Sports Med 7: 1-5, 1986. 2) Bohannon RW: Make tests and break tests of elbow flexor muscle strength.
THE TIME COURSE OF STRENGTH GAIN DUE TO MUSCLE RECRUITMENT AND HYPERTROPHIC FACTORS IN MIDDLE-AGED AND ELDERLY WOMEN RYUTA KINUGASA, SHINO KAWASHIMA,
THE TIME COURSE OF STRENGTH GAIN DUE TO MUSCLE RECRUITMENT AND HYPERTROPHIC FACTORS IN MIDDLE-AGED AND ELDERLY WOMEN RYUTA KINUGASA, SHINO KAWASHIMA, KAZUMI MASUDA, RYUICHI AJISAKA, MITSUO MATSUDA and
;~ (Summary) The Study on the Effects of Foot Bathing on Urination Kumiko Toyoda School of Human Nursing, University of Shiga Prefecture Background Foot bathing is one of the important nursing care for
2001 Received November 28, 2014 Current status and long-term changes of the physique and physical fitness of female university students Shiho Hiraku Y
2001 Received November 28, 2014 Current status and long-term changes of the physique and physical fitness of female university students Shiho Hiraku Yoshie Soga and Yuki Nakamura Abstract Understanding
<30388DE288E42E696E6464>
Doshisha Journal of Health & Sports Science, 1, 53-60, 2009 53 1 Effects of Step Exercise in Healthy Older People Tomoaki Sakai 1 The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of step exercise
* * 2
* * Study on Fire Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Columns with Ultra High Strength Material Munehiro UMEMOTO * Shigemi KIKUTA * The reinforced concrete column made with the high-strength concrete has
Studies of Foot Form for Footwear Design (Part 9) : Characteristics of the Foot Form of Young and Elder Women Based on their Sizes of Ball Joint Girth
Studies of Foot Form for Footwear Design (Part 9) : Characteristics of the Foot Form of Young and Elder Women Based on their Sizes of Ball Joint Girth and Foot Breadth Akiko Yamamoto Fukuoka Women's University,
2
2011 8 6 2011 5 7 [1] 1 2 i ii iii i 3 [2] 4 5 ii 6 7 iii 8 [3] 9 10 11 cf. Abstracts in English In terms of democracy, the patience and the kindness Tohoku people have shown will be dealt with as an exception.
37 Studies on the Color Planning of Clothing The warm-cool evaluation of the skin and lipstick color and their matching Masashi KOBAYASHI Osaka Shoin
37 Studies on the Color Planning of Clothing The warm-cool evaluation of the skin and lipstick color and their matching Masashi KOBAYASHI Osaka Shoin Women's University, Osaka, Japan Abstract In this study,
A5 PDF.pwd
DV DV DV DV DV DV 67 1 2016 5 383 DV DV DV DV DV DV DV DV DV 384 67 1 2016 5 DV DV DV NPO DV NPO NPO 67 1 2016 5 385 DV DV DV 386 67 1 2016 5 DV DV DV DV DV WHO Edleson, J. L. 1999. The overlap between
041-057_’¼Œì
542012 4157 Nishino Toshiaki The purpose of this paper is to analyze the present conditions of the mountain villages of Japan in the early 21 st century. The revolution of fuel sources from a predominance
DOUSHISYA-sports_R12339(高解像度).pdf
Doshisha Journal of Health & Sports Science, 4, 41-50 2012 41 A Case Study of the Comprehensive community sports clubs that People with Disability Participate in. Motoaki Fujita In this study, the interview
423 昭 和60年6,月28日 Fig. Panel 4.3, are œ; A B as SO and after follows; (slow B 1 are Microphotographs processed preincubation FG twitch for at (fast twitch oxidative a ph 4.0. cross ATPase Panel glycolitic
Title 生活年令による学級の等質化に関する研究 (1) - 生活年令と学業成績について - Author(s) 与那嶺, 松助 ; 東江, 康治 Citation 研究集録 (5): 33-47 Issue Date 1961-12 URL http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/ Rights 46 STUDIES ON HOMOGENEOUS
ABSTRACT The movement to increase the adult literacy rate in Nepal has been growing since democratization in 1990. In recent years, about 300,000 peop
Case Study Adult Literacy Education as an Entry Point for Community Empowerment The Evolution of Self-Help Group Activities in Rural Nepal Chizu SATO Masamine JIMBA, MD, PhD, MPH Izumi MURAKAMI, MPH Massachusetts
<95DB8C9288E397C389C88A E696E6462>
2011 Vol.60 No.2 p.138 147 Performance of the Japanese long-term care benefit: An International comparison based on OECD health data Mie MORIKAWA[1] Takako TSUTSUI[2] [1]National Institute of Public Health,
橡
Mein Grad. Eng Univ. Fri'kill, Vol. 61 March 20 I 3) Effects of Saline-Water Volume on Production Performance of Tubular Solar Still Hiroaki TERASAKI*, Takahiro YAMAJI" and Teruyuki FUKUHARA. (Received
Kyushu Communication Studies 第２号
Kyushu Communication Studies. 2004. 2:1-11 2004 How College Students Use and Perceive Pictographs in Cell Phone E-mail Messages IGARASHI Noriko (Niigata University of Health and Welfare) ITOI Emi (Bunkyo
_’£”R‡Ù‡©
29 31 38 2008 31 1) 2) 2) 3) 2) 1) 2008 302008 12 Activities of Daily Living ADL ADL 42 ADL ADL 1990 QOL Quality of Life QOL 1 QOL // 2 Activity of Daily Living ADL Performance Status PS ADL 3 1) 2) 3)
<30372D985F95B62D8E52967B8C4F8E7190E690B62E706466>
312013 95 Changes and Restructuring of Social Issues of the Urban Underclass Area with Increasing Welfare Needs in Kotobuki, Yokohama Kahoruko YAMAMOTO This paper explains social changes and restructuring
\615L\625\761\621\745\615\750\617\743\623\6075\614\616\615\606.PS
osakikamijima HIGH SCHOOL REPORT Hello everyone! I hope you are enjoying spring and all of the fun activities that come with warmer weather! Similar to Judy, my time here on Osakikamijima is
The Most Effective Exercise for Strengthening the Supraspinatus : Evaluation by Magnetic Resonance Imaging by TAKEDA Yoshitsugu and ENDO Kenji Departm
The Most Effective Exercise for Strengthening the Supraspinatus : Evaluation by Magnetic Resonance Imaging by TAKEDA Yoshitsugu and ENDO Kenji Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The University of Tokushima
2 10 The Bulletin of Meiji University of Integrative Medicine 1,2 II 1 Web PubMed elbow pain baseball elbow little leaguer s elbow acupun
10 1-14 2014 1 2 3 4 2 1 2 3 4 Web PubMed elbow pain baseball elbow little leaguer s elbow acupuncture electric acupuncture 2003 2012 10 39 32 Web PubMed Key words growth stage elbow pain baseball elbow
52-2.indb
Jpn. J. Health Phys., 52 (2) 55 60 (2017) DOI: 10.5453/jhps.52.55 * 1 * 2 * 2 * 3 * 3 2016 10 28 2017 3 8 Enhancement of Knowledge on Radiation Risk Yukihiko KASAI,* 1 Hiromi KUDO,* 2 Masahiro HOSODA,*
Vol. 51 No (2000) Thermo-Physiological Responses of the Foot under C Thermal Conditions Fusako IWASAKI, Yuri NANAMEKI,* Tomoko KOSHIB
Vol. 51 No. 7 587-593 (2000) Thermo-Physiological Responses of the Foot under 22-34 C Thermal Conditions Fusako IWASAKI, Yuri NANAMEKI,* Tomoko KOSHIBA and Teruko TAMURA * Junior College Division, Bunka
Core Ethics Vol.
Core Ethics Vol. Core Ethics Vol. . % % % Core Ethics Vol. %, Core Ethics Vol. % % % -. %. Core Ethics Vol. a b : Core Ethics Vol. pp... pp.. pp... pp. pp.. pp...pp.... pp. pp. pp.. pp.. Vol.. pp... pp..
Title 出 産 に 関 わる 里 帰 りと 養 育 性 形 成 Author(s) 小 林, 由 希 子 ; 陳, 省 仁 Citation 北 海 道 大 学 大 学 院 教 育 学 研 究 院 紀 要, 106: 119-134 Issue Date 2008-12-18 DOI 10.14943/b.edu.106.119 Doc URLhttp://hdl.handle.net/2115/35078
千葉県における温泉地の地域的展開
1) 1999 11 50 1948 23) 2 2519 9 3) 2006 4) 151 47 37 1.2 l 40 3.6 15 240 21 9.2 l 7. 210 1972 5) 1.9 l 5 1 0.2 l 6 1 1972 1.9 0.4 210 40-17- 292006 34 6 l/min.42 6) 2006 1 1 2006 42 60% 5060 4050 3040
Vol. No. Honda, et al.,
A Study of Effects of Foot Bath before Exercise on Fall Prevention Yoko Honda Yoko Aso Aki Ibe Megumi Katayama Tomoko Tamaru Key Words fall prevention, foot bath, elderly, fall prevention programs Honda,
Fig. 1 Photography of exercise test by Arm Crank Ergometer. Fig. 2 Photography of exercise test by chair with caster. Arm Crank Ergometer Wheelchair T
Fig. 1 Photography of exercise test by Arm Crank Ergometer. Fig. 2 Photography of exercise test by chair with caster. Arm Crank Ergometer Wheelchair Treadmill Arm Crank Ergometer Arm Crank Ergometer Arm
™…
Review The Secret to Healthy Long Life Decrease in Oxidative and Mental Stress My motto is Health is not all. But nothing can be done without health. Health is the most important requisite for all human
29 28 39 1936 Acquiring technique and forming character in physical education after 1936 Analysis of articles of Kenji Shinozaki FUJIKAWA Kazutoshi The United Graduate School of Education Tokyo Gakugei
65-6 小泉・谷所・野村・楠本.pwd
CSA p r p r 5N 20N 5N 10N 15N 20N Komiya et al 0kgf 25 kgf MRI 50M 171.1 5.15 cm, 64.3 7.78 kg, 26.13 1.420 cm Oldfield The Edinburgh Inventory LEFT RIGHT RIGHT RIGHT LEFT LEFT RIGHT Oldfield Laterality
Taro-学校だより学力調査号.jtd
第 5 号 ( H2 7. 1 1. 1 7 ) 舞 鶴 小 学 校 ま い づ る 発 行 人 大 澤 正 史 本 校 の 学 習 状 況 に つ い て ( 今 年 度 6 年 生 が 実 施 し た 全 国 学 力 学 習 状 況 調 査 の 結 果 ) 今 年 度 の 全 国 学 A1 2007 年 よ り 日 本 全 国 の 小 中 学 校 の 最 高 学 年 ( 小 学 6 年 力 学
process of understanding everyday language is similar, finally as far as word production is concerned, individual variations seem to be greater at an
Understanding of Language in Early Development ( ) Research by Visiting Home (3) Center of developmenta1 education and research Center of developmenta1 education and research Center of developmenta1 education
,,.,,.,..,.,,,.,, Aldous,.,,.,,.,,, NPO,,.,,,,,,.,,,,.,,,,..,,,,.,
J. of Population Problems. pp.,.,,,.,,..,,..,,,,.,.,,...,.,,..,.,,,. ,,.,,.,..,.,,,.,, Aldous,.,,.,,.,,, NPO,,.,,,,,,.,,,,.,,,,..,,,,., ,,.,,..,,.,.,.,,,,,.,.,.,,,. European Labour Force Survey,,.,,,,,,,
The Tohoku Medical Megabank project is a part of the national project to reconstruct Tohoku area.. It aims to become a centripetal force for the reconstruction of Tohoku University Tohoku Medical Megabank
学位研究17号
1715 3 The Student Transfer and the Articulation System in Chinese Higher Education HUANG Meiying Research in Academic Degrees, No. 17 March, 2003the article The Journal on Academic Degrees of National
NINJAL Research Papers No.8
(NINJAL Research Papers) 8: 177 196 (2014) ISSN: 2186-134X print/2186-1358 online 177 3 3 3 1940 3 late adoption real time 3 apparent time * 1. 1 2 3 1.1 3 1 1953 * 2014 3 18 2014 5 13 109 NINJAL 2012
WASEDA RILAS JOURNAL
27 200 WASEDA RILAS JOURNAL NO. 1 (2013. 10) WASEDA RILAS JOURNAL 28 199 29 198 WASEDA RILAS JOURNAL 30 197 31 196 WASEDA RILAS JOURNAL 32 195 1 3 12 6 23 No 1 3 0 13 3 4 3 2 7 0 5 1 6 6 3 12 0 47 23 12
untitled
() No.4 2006 pp.50-61 1 1 ( 020-0193 152-52) 2004 2004 11 737 364 Yahoo! 35%2004 10% 39% 12%2003 15% 21% 2004 : Victoria(2001) 1989 Loma Prieta ( 2004) (disaster subculture)( 19972000 ) (2004)1997 7 10
220 28;29) 30 35) 26;27) % 8.0% 9 36) 8) 14) 37) O O 13 2 E S % % 2 6 1fl 2fl 3fl 3 4
Vol. 12 No. 2 2002 219 239 Λ1 Λ1 729 1 2 29 4 3 4 5 1) 2) 3) 4 6) 7 27) Λ1 701-0193 288 219 220 28;29) 30 35) 26;27) 0 6 7 12 13 18 59.9% 8.0% 9 36) 8) 14) 37) 1 1 1 13 6 7 O O 13 2 E S 1 1 17 0 6 1 585
1) University Group Diabetes Program: A study of hypoglycemic agents on vascular complica- in patients with adult-onset tions diabetes. I. Design, methods and baseline results. Diabetes 19 (suppl. 2):
29 Short-time prediction of time series data for binary option trade
29 Short-time prediction of time series data for binary option trade 1180365 2018 2 28 RSI(Relative Strength Index) 3 USD/JPY 1 2001 1 2 4 10 2017 12 29 17 00 1 high low i Abstract Short-time prediction
1* 3* Change of Identity of Zainichi Korean (Korean with permanent residence in Japan) in the Magazines Zainichi Korean generations from 1* s to 3* s in the quarterly magazine Sanzenri and Seikyuu Taeyoung
NO.80 2012.9.30 3
Fukuoka Women s University NO.80 2O12.9.30 CONTENTS 2 2 3 3 4 6 7 8 8 8 9 10 11 11 11 12 NO.80 2012.9.30 3 4 Fukuoka Women s University NO.80 2012.9.30 5 My Life in Japan Widchayapon SASISAKULPON (Ing)
短距離スプリントドリルが大学生野球選手の短距離走速度向上に与える効果
The Effect of Sprint Drills for Improving Short Sprinting Ability of University Baseball Players AKAIKE, Kohei The ability to generate speed during short sprints is one of the most important abilities
Title 社 会 化 教 育 における 公 民 的 資 質 : 法 教 育 における 憲 法 的 価 値 原 理 ( fulltext ) Author(s) 中 平, 一 義 Citation 学 校 教 育 学 研 究 論 集 (21): 113-126 Issue Date 2010-03 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2309/107543 Publisher 東 京
A comparison of abdominal versus vaginal hysterectomy for leiomyoma and adenomyosis Kenji ARAHORI, Hisasi KATAYAMA, Suminori NIOKA Department of Obstetrics and Gnecology, National Maizuru Hospital,Kyoto,
STUDIES ON THE PHYSICAL FITNESS OF SUMO WRESTLERS (REPORT II) (PHYSICAL FITNESS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE SEKITORI) SHINKICHI OGAWA, YOSHINORI FURUTA, KE
STUDIES ON THE PHYSICAL FITNESS OF SUMO WRESTLERS (REPORT II) (PHYSICAL FITNESS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE SEKITORI) SHINKICHI OGAWA, YOSHINORI FURUTA, KEIZO YAMAMOTO AND NOBUO NAGAI Studies were made on the
A Nutritional Study of Anemia in Pregnancy Hematologic Characteristics in Pregnancy (Part 1) Keizo Shiraki, Fumiko Hisaoka Department of Nutrition, Sc
A Nutritional Study of Anemia in Pregnancy Hematologic Characteristics in Pregnancy (Part 1) Keizo Shiraki, Fumiko Hisaoka Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima Fetal
840 Geographical Review of Japan 73A-12 835-854 2000 The Mechanism of Household Reproduction in the Fishing Community on Oro Island Masakazu YAMAUCHI (Graduate Student, Tokyo University) This
J No J. J
教育科学と教育実践 2 Science of Education and Educational Practice - A Perspective on the Controversy on the Science of Education in Post-War Japan Part Takeo TANAKA 1950 E. J. E. J. E. J. Abstract In the latter
The Key Questions about Today's "Experience Loss": Focusing on Provision Issues Gerald ARGENTON These last years, the educational discourse has been focusing on the "experience loss" problem and its consequences.
九州大学学術情報リポジトリ Kyushu University Institutional Repository 看護師の勤務体制による睡眠実態についての調査 岩下, 智香九州大学医学部保健学科看護学専攻 出版情報 : 九州大学医学部保健学
九州大学学術情報リポジトリ Kyushu University Institutional Repository 看護師の勤務体制による睡眠実態についての調査 岩下, 智香九州大学医学部保健学科看護学専攻 https://doi.org/10.15017/4055 出版情報 : 九州大学医学部保健学科紀要. 8, pp.59-68, 2007-03-12. 九州大学医学部保健学科バージョン : 権利関係
(43) Vol.33, No.6(1977) T-239 MUTUAL DIFFUSION AND CHANGE OF THE FINE STRUCTURE OF WET SPUN ANTI-PILLING ACRYLIC FIBER DURING COAGULATION, DRAWING AND
(43) Vol.33, No.6(1977) T-239 MUTUAL DIFFUSION AND CHANGE OF THE FINE STRUCTURE OF WET SPUN ANTI-PILLING ACRYLIC FIBER DURING COAGULATION, DRAWING AND DRYING PROCESSES* By Hiroshi Aotani, Katsumi Yamazaki
) ,
Vol. 2, 1 17, 2013 1986 A study about the development of the basic policy in the field of reform of China s sports system 1986 HaoWen Wu Abstract: This study focuses on the development of the basic policy
bosai-2002.dvi
45 B-2 14 4 Annuals of Disas. Prev. Res. Inst., Kyoto Univ., No. 45 B-2, 22 5 m 5 m :,,, 1. 2. 2.1 27 km 2 187 km 2 14 % 77 % 47 7, 9 2, 54 6 7, 9 16, 57 8 1, 9 47 2 1 57 5 2.2 45 2 Fig. 1 2 2.3 Fig. 2
高齢期における幸福感規定要因の男女差について―JGSS-2000/2001統合データに基づく検討―
日本版 General Social Surveys 研究論文集 [6] JGSS で見た日本人の意識と行動 JGSS Research Series No.3 JGSS-2000/2001 Difference between Men's Happiness and Women's Happiness in Later Life An Analysis Based on JGSS Integrated
untitled
Vol. 19 No. 1 2009 13 23 Λ1 Λ2 2 1) 10 1 Infertility 1785 1978 1980 1983 IVF-ET 2) 1 1 1 6 65% 1 80% Λ1 Λ2 701-0193 288 E-Mail: hiro210691@yahoo.co.jp 13 14 2 90% 3 93% 2 10% 40% 40% 15% 5% 3) 2 4) 5)
Mix*: 2 bilateral Syme's amputation, 3 Syme's-B/K, 1 Syme's-A/K 1 bilateral through knee, 1 A/K through hip 2. Kegel, B., Carpenter, M. L. and Burgess, E. M.: Functional Capabilities of Lower Extremity
Highlights Employment increased in Ontario, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. There was little change in the other provinces. More people were employed in c
商工会事務局より (From Shokokai) カナダ統計局より 6 月雇用統計発表 : 失業率 6.0%(+0.2) Labour Force Survey: June Unemployment 6.0%(+0.2) 会員各位 7 月 6 日 カナダ統計局 (Statistics Canada) より 2018 年 6 月の雇用統計が発表になりました 下記概要ポイント仮訳は あくまで商工会事務局で訳したものであり英語の微妙な表現を保証したものではありません
A Study on the Influence of the Fluctuation of Source Voltage during Spot Welding on the Strength of Weld* By Tatsuya Hashimoto** Kinzi Tanuma** Abstr
A Study on the Influence of the Fluctuation of Source Voltage during Spot Welding on the Strength of Weld* By Tatsuya Hashimoto** Kinzi Tanuma** Abstract It is well known that even a-slight fluctuation
2 1 ( ) 2 ( ) i
21 Perceptual relation bettween shadow, reflectance and luminance under aambiguous illuminations. 1100302 2010 3 1 2 1 ( ) 2 ( ) i Abstract Perceptual relation bettween shadow, reflectance and luminance
20 Method for Recognizing Expression Considering Fuzzy Based on Optical Flow
20 Method for Recognizing Expression Considering Fuzzy Based on Optical Flow 1115084 2009 3 5 3.,,,.., HCI(Human Computer Interaction),.,,.,,.,.,,..,. i Abstract Method for Recognizing Expression Considering
By Kenji Kinoshita, I taru Fukuda, Taiji Ota A Study on the Use of Overseas Construction Materials There are not few things which are superior in the price and the aspect of the quality to a domestic
24 Depth scaling of binocular stereopsis by observer s own movements
24 Depth scaling of binocular stereopsis by observer s own movements 1130313 2013 3 1 3D 3D 3D 2 2 i Abstract Depth scaling of binocular stereopsis by observer s own movements It will become more usual
October p. GNP China Research Centre on Ageing, p. October ADL T T T T October H R C R D T S T S S S October DK S S S S H H Y Y Y Y Y R S DK R R R R R R R K SARS K K R LDK R K October R K Y S S S S S S
lagged behind social progress. During the wartime Chonaikai did cooperate with military activities. But it was not Chonaikai alone that cooperated. Al
The Development of Chonaikai in Tokyo before The Last War Hachiro Nakamura The urban neighborhood association in Japan called Chonaikai has been more often than not criticized by many social scientists.
Microsoft PowerPoint - Denmark Life Sciences Seminar 2016_0511
Importance of timing for an intake of protein/amino acids nutrients combined with exercise Challenge in Japan after studying in Denmark Masao Mizuno, PhD, Prof. Dept. of Health and Physical Education Faculty
WASEDA RILAS JOURNAL 1Q84 book1 book3 2009 10 770 2013 4 1 100 2008 35 2011 100 9 2000 2003 200 1.0 2008 2.0 2009 100 One Piece 52 250 1.5 2010 2.5 20
WASEDA RILAS JOURNAL NO. 1 (2013. 10) The change in the subculture, literature and mentality of the youth in East Asian cities Manga, animation, light novel, cosplay and Murakami Haruki Takumasa SENNO
主 要 な が ん 治 療 に つ い て 入 院 に か か る 医 療 費 の 支 払 い か ら 計 算 し た も の で す 例 え ば 胃 が ん に つ い て は 平 均 入 院 費 は 総 額 約 1 1 0 万 円 で 自 己 負 担 額 は 約 3 3 万 円 程 度 必 要
市 民 の 健 康 ~ が ん の 予 防 と 体 操 で 健 康 づ く り ~ 1 挨 拶 こ ん に ち は 長 久 手 市 役 所 健 康 推 進 課 の 伊 藤 と 申 し ま す 本 日 は よ ろ し く お 願 い し ま す 座 っ た ま ま で 説 明 さ せ て い た だ き ま す 今 回 の タ イ ト ル は 市 民 の 健 康 が ん の 予 防 と 体 操 で 健
..,,...,..,...,,.,....,,,.,.,,.,.,,,.,.,.,.,,.,,,.,,,,.,,, Becker., Becker,,,,,, Becker,.,,,,.,,.,.,,
J. of Population Problems. pp.,,,.,.,,. Becker,,.,,.,,.,,.,,,,.,,,.....,,. ..,,...,..,...,,.,....,,,.,.,,.,.,,,.,.,.,.,,.,,,.,,,,.,,, Becker., Becker,,,,,, Becker,.,,,,.,,.,.,, ,,, Becker,,., Becker,
_念3）医療2009_夏.indd
Evaluation of the Social Benefits of the Regional Medical System Based on Land Price Information -A Hedonic Valuation of the Sense of Relief Provided by Health Care Facilities- Takuma Sugahara Ph.D. Abstract
2 14 The Bulletin of Meiji University of Integrative Medicine 7 8 V ,15 16,17 18,19 20,21 22 Visual analogue scale VAS Advanced trai
14 1-11 2015 20 23 2 Visual analogue scale 15 10 P 0.001 P 0.01 Key words acupuncture static visual acuity dynamic visual acuity Advanced trail making test fliker fusion frequency Received October 30;
Fig. 1 Trends of TB incidence rates for all forms and smear-positive pulmonary TB in Kawasaki City and Japan. Incidence=newly notified cases of all fo
Kekkaku Vol. 79, No. 1: 17-24, 2004 17 (Received 21 Aug. 2003/Accepted 18 Nov. 2003) Fig. 1 Trends of TB incidence rates for all forms and smear-positive pulmonary TB in Kawasaki City and Japan. Incidence=newly
大学野球の期分けにおける一般的準備期のランニング トレーニングが試合期の大学生投手の実戦状況下 パフォーマンスに与える影響
The Effect of Pre-Season Running Training for Game Performance of University Baseball Pitcher AKAIKE, Kohei This paper provides useful information for university baseball players and coaches as well as
2014Vol.63No.4p.383393 Thermal environment for health and safety Hirohumi HAYAMA Masaya SAITO Haruka MIKAMI Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University School of Design, Sapporo City University Graduate
Authors' Abstract It in known that the method of feeding powder into split cell affects the adhesion forces of powder beds, especially in fine particle powders. But the effect of the agglomeration phenomenon
Kansai University of Welfare Sciences Practical research on the effectiveness of the validation for the elderly with dementia Naoko Tsumura, Tomoko Mi
Practical research on the effectiveness of the validation for the elderly with dementia Naoko Tsumura, Tomoko Mitamura and Takeshi Hashino 2 1 Abstract : The present conditions to surround the elderly
研究紀要５２号（よこ）人間科学☆／１．垂沢
Comparative study of images related to plump and fat in Japan TARESAWA Yumiko, TAKEUCHI Misaki and TSUJIMOTO Yui Abstract : Ever since a fashion magazine for plump women was first published in March 2013,
The Indirect Support to Faculty Advisers of die Individual Learning Support System for Underachieving Student The Indirect Support to Faculty Advisers of the Individual Learning Support System for Underachieving
Adams, B.N.,1979. "Mate selection in the United States:A theoretical summarization," in W.R.Burr et.al., eds., Contemporary Theories about the Family, Vol.1 Reserch - Based Theories, The Free Press, 259-265.
22 1,936, ,115, , , , , , ,
21 * 2 3 1 1991 1945 200 60 1944 No. 41 2016 22 1,936,843 1945 1,115,594 1946 647,006 1947 598,507 1 60 2014 501,230 354,503 5 2009 405,571 5 1 2 2009 2014 5 37,285 1 2 1965 10 1975 66 1985 43 10 3 1990
2 The Bulletin of Meiji University of Integrative Medicine 3, Yamashita 10 11
1-122013 1 2 1 2 20 2,000 2009 12 1 2 1,362 68.1 2009 1 1 9.5 1 2.2 3.6 0.82.9 1.0 0.2 2 4 3 1 2 4 3 Key words acupuncture and moxibustion Treatment with acupuncture, moxibustion and Anma-Massage-Shiatsu
161 J 1 J 1997 FC 1998 J J J J J2 J1 J2 J1 J2 J1 J J1 J1 J J 2011 FIFA 2012 J 40 56
J1 J1 リーグチーム組織に関する考察 松原悟 Abstract J League began in 1993 by 10 teams. J League increased them by 40 teams in 2012. The numerical increase of such a team is a result of the activity of Football Association
L1 What Can You Blood Type Tell Us? Part 1 Can you guess/ my blood type? Well,/ you re very serious person/ so/ I think/ your blood type is A. Wow!/ G
L1 What Can You Blood Type Tell Us? Part 1 Can you guess/ my blood type? 当ててみて / 私の血液型を Well,/ you re very serious person/ so/ I think/ your blood type is A. えーと / あなたはとっても真面目な人 / だから / 私は ~ と思います / あなたの血液型は
スポーツ選手における日常的ﾄﾚｰﾆﾝｸﾞが味覚に及ぼす影響について
Study on the Type Partition of Hospital Meals in Japan. -Relationship between Foods and Cooking Techniques- Tomoko WATANABE *1, Kunio ISHII *1, Sachiko SUGIZAKI *1, Kanako MURAMATSU *1, Megumi HIGUCHI
Juntendo Medical Journal
* Department of Health Science Health Sociology Section, Juntendo University School of Health and Sports Science, Chiba, Japan (WHO: Ottawa Charter for Health promotion, 1986.) (WHO: Bangkok Charter
〈論文〉組織改革の成果に関する予備的調査--社内カンパニー制導入が財務的業績に与える影響
Abstract Under the pressure of 10-year long economic decline, Japanese firms are struggling to improve their profitability. As one of the ways to do it, Japanese large firms have begun to reorganize their
Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants in Imari municipal hospital
Key words: tuberculosis, booster phenomenon, two-step tuberculin test Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants in Imari municipal hospital Fig. 1 Frequency distributions of size of the first tuberculin
untitled
11-19 2012 1 2 3 30 2 Key words acupuncture insulated needle cervical sympathetick trunk thermography blood flow of the nasal skin Received September 12, 2011; Accepted November 1, 2011 I 1 2 1954 3 564-0034
The social image of Muay Thai in Thailand Hishida yoshifumi Abstract Muay Thai is a martial art which is a root of Japanese Kick Boxing and K-1. It has become a famous sport among Thai as a martial art.
4.1 % 7.5 %
2018 (412837) 4.1 % 7.5 % Abstract Recently, various methods for improving computial performance have been proposed. One of these various methods is Multi-core. Multi-core can execute processes in parallel
2 except for a female subordinate in work. Using personal name with SAN/KUN will make the distance with speech partner closer than using titles. Last
1 北陸大学 紀要 第33号 2009 pp. 173 186 原著論文 バーチャル世界における呼びかけ語の コミュニケーション機能 ポライトネス理論の観点からの考察 劉 艶 The Communication Function of Vocative Terms in Virtual Communication: from the Viewpoint of Politeness Theory Yan
理学療法検査技術習得に向けた客観的臨床能力試験(OSCE)の試行
An Application of an Objective Structured Clinical Examination for Learning Skills in Assessment of Physical Therapy A Task Involving Measurements on the Range of Motion Test Chikako Fujita1) Hiroyasu
PDF用-表紙.pdf
51324544612009. 6 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 3 1 km 2 3 4 5 6 7 44 8 9 1700 1800 17001800 400km 1 45 1879 1903 1728 1734 10 11 1700 2 13199991995 12199821 200420101967 46 12 1771 1903 1 13 14 15 16 1819 2 17801860
Visual Evaluation of Polka-dot Patterns Yoojin LEE and Nobuko NARUSE * Granduate School of Bunka Women's University, and * Faculty of Fashion Science,
Visual Evaluation of Polka-dot Patterns Yoojin LEE and Nobuko NARUSE * Granduate School of Bunka Women's University, and * Faculty of Fashion Science, Bunka Women's University, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8523
13....*PDF.p
36 2005 2006 3 237 250 1 1990 2 3 4 5 6 239 10 90 1993 1997 1998a 10 10 1 90 1 2 3 4 5 1990 1 1990 201 2004 141 108 105 2 54 75 1970 1980 1990 49 2 2004 59 8 25 42 1980 1993 25 4 2004 10 6 1994 14 2004