食糧 その科学と技術 No.45( )

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1 Aspergillus Herman Ahlburg Eurotium oryzae Aspergillus oryzaeahlburgcohn

2

3 Aspergillus flavus FDA GRASGenerally Recognized As Safe DNA ACGT RNAmRNA DNA DNA RNA DNA

4 EST EST cdna DNAEST:expressed sequence tags mrna cdna EST cdna EST

5 EST cdna cdna EST EST EST EST Aspergillus oryzae RIB mrna cdna EST EST EST EST EST NEDO EST EST DDBJ/GenBank/EMBL html DNA atf B Aohsp

6 EST NITE A. oryzae RIB WGS kb DNA NITE DNA AT WGS BAC WGS Mb WGS

7 DNA GeneDecoder Mb Mb

8 Aspergillus oryzaehttp:// _ID=ao A. nidulanshttp:/ / www. broad. mit. edu / annotation / genome / aspergillus _ nidulans / Home.htmlA. fumigatushttp:// Aspergillus A. oryzaemba. nidulansmba. fumigatusmb A. nidulans A. fumigatus A. oryzae A. fumigatusa. nidulans A. Table 1 Comparison of genome characteristics Genome characteristic A. nidulans A. fumigatus A. oryzae General Assembly sizebp G+C Protein coding genes Protein coding genesamino acids Predicted protein coding sequencesamino acids Coding Gene density gene every n bp Median gene lengthmean Average number of exons per gene

9 Table Redundancy of secretory proteolytic enzyme genes A. oryzae A. nidulans A. fumigatus Exopeptidase Aminopeptidase Dipeptidae Dipeptidyl or tripeptidyl peptidase Serinetype carboxypeptidase Metallocarboxypeptidase unknown peptidase EC EC EC EC EC Total Endopeptidase Oryzin Aorsin Kexin ATPdependent proteinase Cysteine proteinase Ubiquitinspecific proteinase PalB Aspartic proteinase Pepstatin insensitive proteinase Saccharolysin Metalloprotease Insulinase unknown EC EC EC EC EC EC EC EC EC EC EC EC EC Total Exopeptidases + Endopeptidases nidulansa. fumigatus P

10 DNA A. nidulans A. niger

11 Mb DNA EST cdna DNA bp bp kb Mb

12 EST Goffeau,A.,Barrell,BG.,Bessey,H.,Davis,RW.,Dujon,B.,Feldmann,H., Galigert, F., Hoheisel, JD., Jacq, C., Johnston, M., Louis, EJ., Mewes, HW., Murakami, Y., Phillippsen, P., Tettelin, H., Oliver, SG., Life with 6000 genes. Science, 274, (1997) Kunst, F., Ogasawara, N., Moszer, I., Albertini, A.M., Alloni, G., Azevedo, V., Bertero, M.G., Bessieres, P., Bolotin, A., Borchert, S., Borriss, R. et al., The complete genome sequence of the Grampositive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Nature, 390, (1997) pp EST Sasaki T., Song J., KogaBan Y., Matsui E., Fuang F., Higo H., Nagasaki H., Mori M., Miya M., MurayamaKayano E., Takiguchi T., Takasauga A., Niki T., Ishimaru K., Ikeda H., Yamamoto Y., Mukai Y., Ohta I., Miyadera N., Havukkaia, I. and Minobe, Y., Toward cagaloguing all rice genes: largescale sequencing of randomly chosen rice cdnas from a callus cdna library, Plant J., 6, (1994) p A. oryzae atfb p Aspergillus oryzae AoHSP p

13 p Machida, M., Asai, K., Sano, M., Tanaka, T., Kumagai, T., Terai, G., Kusumoto, K., Arima, T., Akita, O., Kashiwagi, Y., Abe, K., Gomi, K., Horiuchi, H., Kitamoto, K., Kobayashi, T., Takeuchi, M., Denning, D.W., Galagan, J. E., Nieman, W.C., Yu, J., Archaer, D.B., Bennett, J.W., Bhatnagar, D., Cleaveland, T.E., Fedorova, N.D., Gotho, O., Horikawa, H., Hosoyama, A., Ichinomiya,M.,Igarash,R.,Iwashita,K.,Juvvadi,P.R.,Kato,M.,Kato, Y., Kin, T., Kokubun, A., Maeda, H., Maeyama, N., Maruyama, J., Nagasaki, H., Nakajima, T., Oda, K., Okada, K., Paulsen, I., Sakamoto, K., Sawano, T., Takahashi, M., Takase, K., Terabayashi, Y., Wortman, J.R., Yamada, O., Yamagata, Y., Anazawa, H., Hata, Y., Koide, Y., Komori, T., Koyama, Y., Minetoki, T., Suharnan, S., Tanaka, A., Isono, K., Kuhara, S., Ogasawara, N., Kikuchi, H., Genome sequence and analysis of Aspergillus oryzae. Nature, 438, (2005)

(1982) 4) Bennett, J. W. : in The 10th International Congress for Culture Collections. (Okuda, T., Bennett, J. W. ed.), pp. 54-57(2004) 5) Machida, M.: Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 51, 81-106 (2002) 6) Florea,

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