93_墨消し適用

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1 WPABLS WPA BLS WPABLS BLS QIE WPAQIE 20 BLSBureau of Labor Statistics BLS 20 scientific criteriastandard BLS 20 BLS

2 WPAWork Progress Administration WPA BLS WPA 1945 Hinrich, A.F WPA Hinrich, A.F. WPA WPA WPA emergency budget maintenance budget workers on relief BLS WPA 1 WPA Hinrich, A.F. WPA Hinrich, A.F. WPA WPA WPA WPA WPA 1935 WPA work projects Burns, A.E. and Williams, E.A WPA WPA Howard, D.S. 1973WPA security wage WPA schedules of monthly 2

3 earnings WPA 1935 Federal Emergency Relief Administration FERA budgetary deficiency 3 FERA 4 FERA FERA FERA WPA FERA WPA The Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1939 WPA cost of living 130 WPA 6 WPA cost of living

4 WPA 7 WPA Stecker, M.L. 1936, maintenanceemergency Hinrich, A.F BLS 1920 BLS 59 BLS 10 WPA 4

5 A B C D E moderate active, very active BLS 1 social requirements initial cost BLS F Tp612qp 1 nq 1 pn n n q n p612qp 1 nq 1 pn n n q n 2 p612qp Tp612qp nq n q 1 nq 1 pn n n q n G 1 1 pn n n 4 p q p 1 q 1 n p n n n q n H I J 15 K L 100 Stecker, M.L

6 ,267 1, , ,257 1, ,254 1, ,327 1, ,383 1, ,350 1, ,375 1, ,407 1, ,283 1, ,286 1, ,179 1, ,134 1, ,318 1, ,348 1, ,268 1, ,231 1, ,169 1, ,153 1, ,233 1, ,042 1, ,233 1, ,290 1, Stecker, M.L. 1937p.140Table WPA 1930 BLS BLS 59 Stecker, M.L WPA 1WPA WPA 6

7 Stecker, M.L. 1937pp Table county municipality , ,000100, ,00050, ,00025, , , ,000100, ,00050, ,00025, , , ,000100, ,00050, ,00025, , , ,000100, ,00050, ,00025, , BLS 1935p.344BLS 1939cp.960 county municipality1930 B A , ,000100, ,00025, , , ,000100, ,00025, , , ,000100, ,00025, ,

8 WPA WPA 12 Stecker, M.L. 20 BLS WPA BLS BLS BLS BLS Brady, D.S BLS 14 BLS BLS 2003 BLS modest but adequate

9 BLS 15 BLS BLS BLS 1916 Food Nutrition Board of the National Research Council 16 The American Public Health AssociationHygiene Housing Committee 17 BLS BLS BLS 3 18 BLS BLS BLS QIEQuantityIncomeElasticityBLS 2 BLS 2 S BLS 19 BLS Kellogg, L.S. and Brady, D.S. 1948p.144 9

10 BLS 2 QIE 1954 BLS BLS S inflexion point Sherwood, M.K. 1977S slope maximizing elasticity maximizing QIE 23 BLS BLS Q IE S 3,500 5,000 1,000 BLS 34 D.C BLS

11 D.C D.C , total , , , , ,900,000 50,000 1,900,000 Kellogg, L.S. and Brady, D.S. 1948p AllenBowley 25 2BLS BLS BLS WPA BLS Bureau of Home Economics

12 BLS ,100 26,241 14, ,9031, , community welfare community welfare BLS 1941BLS 1945Humes, H.M. 1949aKellogg, L.S. and Brady, D.S. 1948Williams, F.M. and Hanson, A.C

13 BLS 33 BLS 34 Humes, H.M. 1949a D.C BLS D.C ,458 45BLS 3,0004,000 3,000 4,000 BLS 6BLS 3,0004,000 BLS D.C. BLS 1,000 1,000 2,000 2,000 3,000 3,000 4,000 4,000 5,000 5,000 6,000 6,000 7,500 7,500 10,000 D.C ,057 2,713 3,396 4,414 4,984 5,576 7,222 8, ,602 2,553 3,136 3,862 5,065 5,243 7,022 8, ,346 2,201 2,783 3,324 4,325 4,988 5,759 5,752 Humes, H.M. 1949ap.392Table 1p.394Table 3p.396Table 5 10,000 13

14 D.C. D.C. D.C. 12 1,057 1,170 1,134 1,019 1,040 1, ,475 3,529 3, ,900,000 50,000 1,900, Kellogg, L.S. and Brady, D.S. 1948pp.158ff.Table 6Humes, H.M. 1949ap.392Table 1p.394Table 3p.396Table 5 S 6 14

15 S 6 BLS 20 BLS 1930 WPA BLS Brady, D.S BLS BLS BLS 1960 QIE BLS Social Security Administration Orshansky, M BLS 1 Department of LaborFederal Security Agency Burns, A.E. and Williams, E.A. 1971p.58 sewing 3 Burns, A.E. and Williams, E.A standard food schedules 15

16 Burns, A.E. and Williams, E.A.1971pp Burns, A.E. and Williams, E.A BLS 1935pp Burns, A.E. and Williams, E.A. 1971pp Burns, A.E. and Kerr, P. 1941pp.5859BLS 1939bBLS 1939c 7 Burns, A.E. and Kerr, P. 1941pp.5961 WPA BLS National Industrial Conference Board BLS BLS 1939aBLS 1939aWPA Stecker, M.L. 1936Stecker, M.L Stecker, M.L Stecker, M.L. 1936p.1 10 Stecker, M.L requirement1 12 Stecker, M.L. 1936, Brady, D.S. 1949pp Department of Labor Federal Security Agency 1946pp Hinrich, A.F pp BLS 34 BLS BLS BLS 16Kellogg, L.S. and Brady, D.S. 1948p.141f. 17 Ibid.pp Ibid.p Ibid.p.143f. 20Ibid.p.143f. 16

17 21Ibid.p.144f Sherwood, M.K Sherwood, M.K BLS BLS 85 15D.C. Kellogg, L.S. and Brady, D.S. 1948pp pp balancing difference 5 1 Brady, D.S. 1949, The Use of Statistical Procedures in the Derivation of Family Budgets, The Social Service Review, Vol. XXIII, No. 2, June. 2 Burns, A.E. and Kerr, P. 1937, Survey of WorkRelief Wage Policy, The American Economic Review, Vol. XXVII, No. 4, Dec., pp Burns, A.E. and Kerr, P. 1941, Recent Changes in WorkRelief Wage Policy, The American Economic Review, Vol. XXXI, No. 1, March, pp Burns, A.E. and Williams, E.A. 1971, Federal Work, Security, and Relief Program, Work Progress Administration Division of Social Research, Research Monograph XXIV, Da Capo Press. Original edt BLS 1935, Work Program Under Relief Act of 1935, Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp BLS 1939a, Difference in Living Cost in Northern and Southern Cities, Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp BLS 1939b, Work Relief Act of 1939, Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp BLS 1939c, New WPA Wage Schedule, Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 49, No. 4, pp BLS 1941, Family Expenditures in Selected Cities, , Study of Consumer Purchases, Bulletin, No. 648, G.P.O. 10 BLS 1945, Family Spending and Saving in Wartime, Bulletin, No. 822, G.P.O. 11 BLS 1948, Budget Levels for Families of Different Size, Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 66, No Brady, D.S. 1948, Family Budgets: A Historical Survey, Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 66, No Brady, D.S. 1949, The Use of Statistical Procedures in the Derivation of Family Budgets, The Social Service Review, Vol. XXIII, No. 2, June. 14 Department of LaborFederal Security Agency 1946, Department of LaborFederal Security Agency Appropriation Bill for 1946, Part1, HEARINGS BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITEE OF THE COM- MITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SEVENTYNINTH CON- GRESS, G.P.O. 15 Goldberg, J.P. and Moye, W.T. 1985, The First Hundred Years of the Bureau of Labor Statistics BLS , Bulletin No. 2235, Sep. U.S. Department of Labor 17

18 Hinrich, A.F. 1948, The, Budget in Perspective, Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 66, No Howard, D.S. 1973, The WPA and Federal Relief Policy, Da Capo Press. Original edn., Humes, H.M. 1949a, Family Income and Expenditure in 1947, Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 68, No. 4, pp Humes, H.M. 1949b, Procedures Used in 1947 Family Expenditure Survey, Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 68, No. 4, pp Hurwitz, A. 1948, Family Income and Cost of Family Budgets, Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 66, No Kellogg, L.S. and Brady, D.S. 1948, The City Workers Family Budget, Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 66, No Stecker, M.L. 1936, Quantity Budgets of Goods and Services Necessary for A Basic Maintenance Standard of Living and Operation under Emergency Conditions, W.P.A. Research Bulletins. 23 Stecker, M.L. 1937, Intercity Differences in Cost of Living in March 1935, 59 Cities, W.P.A. Division of Social Research, Research Monograph. Rep.1971 Da Capo Press 24 Sherwood, M.K. 1977, Bureau of Labor Statistics Family Budget Program, The Measure of Poverty Technical Paper, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. 25 Williams, F.M. and Hanson, A.C. 1941, Money Disbursements of Wage Earners and Clerical Workers Summary Volume, Bulletin No. 638, G.P.O Vol. 1No Vol. 3No BLS 85pp

19 A Study of Standard Budget in the United States From Great Depression to Post World War Period Masatoshi MURAKAMI The purpose of this study is to examine the basic theories and methods as well as the problems involved in the standard budget estimates made by the U.S. government from Great Depression to post World War period. Standard budgets in this era have a special importance about extending their coverage area. However, they have two problems. First, standard budgets estimated in this era were calculated on the assumption that regionallyspecific consumption habit is constant. As a result, the gap of the amount of each item involved in cost of living and in standard budget had been widened. Second, BLSs QIE method had developed specifically for estimating the amount of items other than food and house. It had a doubtful supposition and was insufficient method. Therefore, with respect to items other than food and house, it had created a broad disparity between the standard cost of living and the actual conditions of the workforce. Standard budget, Cost of Living, Work Progress Administration, BLS, QIE Method 19

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