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2 10 90 * -2-

3 10 WWW % 12% ) ) Balasubramanian1998 Bouchaert Whinsten, Stahl and Choi

4 Braid1996, 1998, ) Braid1996Braid2002 CD Braid

5 4) 5) 0 z v c(z)=u-pc-tz 1 4 MJ

6 6) u pc t/2 tz c z vc z =0 z= u-p c/t 2 7) -z,z x p w w w=1 2 Cw =ew/2 3 8 e 0s1 p w Cw : C' 0, C" 0 and C' w=1 = -6-

7 z 0,x w v(z)=u-p-tx-z-k k 9 1-w z 0,x0,z vcz0 u-pc-tx-k z 0,x Ev z =wu-p-tx-z-k + 1-wu-pc-tx-k) 1 2 z=x wu-p-k+ 1-wu-pc-tx u-pc-tx p-pc--tx+k/w 0 z 0,x 1 Ev z vc z z wp-p c+tx+k / 1+wt=zL z L,x 9-7-

8 z x,z v z =wu-p-tz-x + 1-wu-pc-tx-k) 0 z u-pc-k-wp-pc-tx /t=zr z zzr x=0 k p0 5 v 0(0)=w(u-pc-k)+(1-w)(u-pc-k)>v c(0)=u-pc p0 pc-k/w 8 2 0=2swp0-rz-ew /2-F 9 s.t. p p -k/w 0 c r F Su-pcu+3pc-4r2et A-1-8-

9 Ss 10 w1 p 0*=pc-k/w 9-1 w 0*=2su-pcpc-r /et *= 2ssu-pc pc-r-ektu-p c/et -F 9-3 x0 -x 11 R z 2 =2swp0-rz L+ p-rz-zl-ew /2-3F 2 =2swp0-rz+ p-p0z-zl-ew /2-3F ' w=1 11 x0 -x -9-

10 12 w x p0 p Max 10, s.t. 5 and 8, w.r.t. p 0, p, x, w p 0*=pc-k/w 10-1 p*= u+p c/2-k/w 10-2 x*= u-p c/2t 10-3 w*=su-pcu+3pc-4r /2etw 0* *=su-pcu-pcu+3pc-4r -16ekt /8et -3F 10-5 * 0* s 2 u-pc 3 u+7pc-8r /8et 2 2F 11 v c(z)=u-pc-tz z

11 w v 0(z)=u-p0-tz-k=u-pc-tz+(1-w)k/w>v c(z) 1-w v 0(z)=u-pc-tz-k<v c(z) Evz =u-pc-tz-k=v c(z) s S k K K=0 x=0 8 p0 v 0(0)=u-p c>v c(0)=u-pc p0 pc 8' -11-

12 2 0=2Swp0-rz-ew /2-F 9' s.t. p p 0 c p 0*=pc 9-1' w 0*=2Su-pcpc-r /et 9-2' *=2S u-pc pc-r /et -F 9-3' x0 -x z 0,x vz =u-p-tx-z vcz =u-pc-tz x v =u-p u-pc-tx=vc p-pc-tx 0 5' x v z vc z z p-p+tx c /2t=zL 6' -12-

13 2 =2Swp0-rz L+ p-rz-zl-ew /2-3F 2 =2Swp0-rz+ p-p0z-zl-ew /2-3F 10' Max 10', s.t. 5' and 8', w.r.t. p 0, p, x, w p*=p 0 c 10-1' p*= u+p c/2 10-2' x*= u-p c/2t 10-3' w*=su-pcu+3pc-4r /2etw 0* 10-4' 2 2 *= Su-pcu+3pc-4r /8et -3F 10-5' 10-5' 9-3' * 0* S 2 u-pc 3 u+7pc-8r /8et 2 2F 11' 6' 10-2' 10-3' z L=[p*-p c+tx* /2t=[ u+p c/2-p c+ u-p c/2 /2t= u-p c/2t=x* 11' -13-

14 v(z)=u-p-tz c c z s S 11' s et F/ u-pc u+7pc-8r S 12 s S ' w 0*=2su-pcpc-r /etsu-pcu+3pc-4r /2et=w* w*=su-pcu+3pc-4r /2et

15 ' 10-2' p 0*=pc-k/wp 0*=pcp*= u+p c/ s S -15-

16 1 Braid, R.M. Braid, RM Braid, R.M. 1996, "The Optimal Locations of Branch Facilities and Main Facilities with Consumer Search", journal of regional Science, v.36, pp , "Spatial price competition when stores are not certain to have what Consumers want", Regional Science and Urban Economics, v28, pp , "Spatial Price Competition between Large and Small Stores with Stock- outs or Limited Product Selections", mimeo. Balasubramanian, S. Bouckaert, J. 1998, "Mail versus Mall: A Strategic Analysis of Competition between Direct Marketers and Conventional Retailers", Marketing Science, v.17, pp , "Monopolistic Competition with a Mail Order Business", Economic Letters, v.66, pp Whinsten, A. B., Stahl, D.O., and Choi, Soon-Yong, 1997, The Economics of Electronics Commerce: the essential economics of doing business in the electronic marketplace, Macmillan Technical Press

1 1 1 [2000]

* 2000 7 26 1 1 1 [2000] 1 2 1 2 2 1 B to C 250000 億円 200000 日本米国 213,200 150000 100000 50000 0 153,600 106,900 71,100 66,620 42,700 43,860 22,500 26,940 15,340 645 3,360 7,730 1998 年 1999 年 2000 年 2001