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1 2006

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11 EEZ

12 GDP GDP

13 MDG

14 EEZ EEZ SUA PSISOLAS ISPS

15 JAMSTEC

16

17 products and services

18 Capturing Fishery Cultivating Fishery ROVAUV Remotely Operated Vehicle Autonomous Underwater Vehicle pp

19

20 N. A.

21 No

22 GDP

23 IFRMER,French marine-related economic date. GDP GDP

24 Vol No

25

26 EEZ EEZ CO http : //www. japt. org / abc / a /html/ html/kanousei.html#kaihatu p

27 rce/topic3.html http : //

28 Pauly, D., Villy Christensen, Sylvie Guenette, Tony J. Pitcher, U. Rashid Sumaila, Carl J. Walters, R. Watson & Dirk Zeller. Towards sustainability in world fisheries. Nature,. Matsuda H, Katsukawa T Fisheries Management Based on Ecosystem. Dynamics and Feedback Control. Fisheries Oceanography :.

29 http : //abchan.job.affrc.go.jp/index.html

30 km

31 FS FS FS FS FS FS

32 m FS FS http : // go.jp/riodb/db/ferromanganese %oxideonline.htm. ISA. Plans of Work for Exploration of Government of India, IFREMER / AFERNOD, DORD, Yuzhmorgeologiya, COMRA, IOM, Republic of Korea, Report of the Secretary General No. ISBA//A//Rev.,International Seabed Authority, pp. Manheim, F. T.. Marine Cobalt Resources, Science, Vol., pp. Halbach, P., Nakamura, K., Wahsner, M., Lange, J., Kaselitz, L., Hansen, R.-D., Yamano, M., Post, J., Prause, B., Seifert, R., Michaelis, W., Teichmann, F., Kinoshita, M., Marten, A., Ishibashi, J., Czerwinski, S., and Blum, N.. Probable modern analogue of Kurokotype massive sulfide deposit in the Okinawa Trough back-arc basin, Nature, Vol., pp. Iizasa, K., Fiske, R. S., Ishizuka, O., Yuasa, M., Hashimoto, J., Ishibashi, J., Naka, J., Horii, Y., Fujiwara, Y., Imai, A., and Koyama, S.. A Kurokotype polymetallic sulfide deposit in a submarine silicic caldera, Science, Vol., pp. http : // japan. gr. jp / japanese / index.html. http : // / petrobras. htm PlatformsDeep Water Yamazaki, T. and Park, S. -H.. Economic Validation Analyses of Japan s Nodule, Crust, and Kuroko-type SMS Mining in, Proc th ISOPE Ocean Mining Symp., Changsha, pp. NW m CowtNi wt, Cuwt kgm

33 N E m Cowt, Niwt, Cu wt mm kgm N E m Cu PbZn Auppm Agppm pp km m m kmkmm http : // go. jp / information / information_.html http : // http : // /prj_overview.asp http : // sakhalin.html http : // sakhalin.html Sakhalin Sakhalin Sakhalin Sakhalin Phase Phase Sakhalin Sakhalin

34 http : // //naruhodo htm http : // co. uk / dataprices _ pricegraphs.asp

35 pp. http : //minerals. usgs.gov/minerals/pubs /commodity / statistical _ summary / statimybr. pdf pp. a b PC

36 Hubbert s Peak GPS SSBL ROVAUV m jogmec.go.jp/enq/frame. php?lurl=/ publish/ pdf / /_a.pdf http : // com/jtinfo.cfm?key=/cl V&title=Stock+Chart : +/CLV&thestockurl=/ chart.cgi?ticker=/clv

37 Exclusive Economic Zone Yamazaki, T., and Kaijitani, Y.. Deep-sea Environment and Impact Experiment to It, Proc.th Int. Offshore and Polar Eng. Conf., Brest, Vol., pp. Yamazaki, T., Kuboki, E., and Matsui, T.. DIETS : A New Benthic Impact Experiments on a Seamount, Proc. th ISOPE Ocean Mining Symp., Szczecin, pp. km km EEZ

38 HIV m m m Nature Rasmussen Rasmussen: B. Filamentous microfossils in a -millionyear-old volcanogenic massive sulphicde deposit. Nature,, -

39 bio mass PCR DNA Taq Thermus aquaticus DNA

40 Viable, but NonCulturableVBNCbac- teria DNA gene chromosome DNA DNA DNA

41

42 Costanza CVM : Contingent Valu- Costanza, Robert, Ralph d Arge, Rudolf de Groot, Stephen Farber, Monlca Grasso, Bruce Hannon, Karin Limburg, Shahid Naeem, Robert V. O Neill, Jose Paruelo, Robert G. Raskin, Paul Sutton and Marjan van den Belt The value of the world s ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature

43 ation Method

44 CVM CVM CVM

45

46

47

48 CVM CVM CVM CVM

49 CVM DCCVM CVM CVM CVM CVM CVM CVM CVM

50 EEZ EEZ

51 EEZ EEZ

52 EEZ TOPS

53 GEF UNDP IMO PEMSEA EEZ EEZ km SDS SEA PEMSEA PEMSEA

54 SDS-SEA PEMSEA PRFSDS-SEA APEC AOMM SIDS BPOA BPOA SIDS

55 clean, healthy, safe, productive, and biologically diverse oceans and seas Safeguarding Our Seas State of the Sea Marine Spatial Planning EC Maritime Policy EEZ SIDS Stewardship

56 EEZ

57 NOAA NOAA NOAA NOAA Organic Act

58 NOAA NOAA Integrated Ocean Observation Global Earth Observation Network Ocean Research Priorities Plan and Implementation Strategy Coral Reef Local Action Strategies National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration : NOAA National Freight Action Agenda

59 IOI Dialogue between the Ocean and the Fresh Water CommunitiesIOI UNCSD SOA NOAA SOA NOAA IMO TOPS IOGN NGO

60 EU APEC km EEZ EEZ EEZ EEZ EEZ EEZ EEZ EEZ EEZ EEZ sovereign right sovereignty EEZ jurisdiction EEZ

61 Ship & Ocean Newsletter, No., September EEZ km km EEZ m EEZ m m m CO m EEZ EEZ

62 EEZ EEZ EEZ EEZ

63 ICJ EEZ EEZ km

64 EEZ kmm km

65 km EEZ EEZ m EEZ

66 km km km IMO IOC regional data

67 EEZ EEZ m EEZ

68 EEZ EEZ km km kmkm km EEZ m

69 ① 第1部 ③ かけがえのない海 ② " ④ ⑤ 図2 3 2 沖ノ鳥島 東小島 を囲む 2 沖ノ鳥島の国際法上の地位 沖ノ鳥島が消失を免れたとしても 実はそれだけで島としての地位を十分に防御 できるわけではない 海洋法条約は 次のような規定を定めているからである す なわち 人間の居住又は独自の経済的生活を維持することのできない岩は 排他 的経済水域又は大陸棚を有しない 第1 2 1条3項 日本政府はこれまで 高潮時においても水面上にあるものをいう というこ とだけで立派な島の 第1 2 1条1項の要件を満たしている 平成1 1年4月1 6日第1 4 5 回衆議院建設委員会での建設省河川局長答弁 とし さらに3項の規定については それは 島ではなく岩の条件であり この規定によって特定の地形が排他的経済水 域または大陸棚を有しないとする根拠はない 同委員会での外務省経済局長答弁 という見方をとる しかしながら 先に触れた中国側の批判に照らせば 沖ノ鳥島 の島としての地位をより説得的なものとするためには 第1 2 1条1項との整合性を 示すだけでは不十分で 3項の条件に抵触しないこともまた明らかにしておく必要 があるだろう とはいえ この3項の規定は極めて曖昧な規定である 起草過程での激しい対立 の末 妥協案として挿入されたものである そもそも岩の定義は設けられておらず EEZ を有する岩も存在するといった解釈も可能にしている 人間の居住又は独自 の経済的生活 については 居住 や 経済的生活 の基準を設けるのも難しく 学説上も決着を見ていない また諸説あるが 又は との語が示すように いず れか一方を満たせば足り しかも3項の規定振りからは 将来に向けてその可能性 が証明できればよく 現実に満たしていることまでは求められていないとも解する ことができる そうであるならば 絶海孤島の沖ノ鳥島における 人間の居住 可 能性の証明は高いハードルであるが 独自の経済的生活 という条件については 工夫次第でその可能性を証明する余地は十分にあるだろう そうした観点からの利 用計画については本節3 2 で触れる これまで政府は 沖ノ鳥島の 島 という実体の維持を最優先として その陸地 60

70 mm km km km km mkm km km m km EEZ EEZ km m kmm m EEZ EEZ EEZ

71 .jp, photo by Michael Lever W. van Overbeek, Article in Mexican State Practice in the Pacific, International Journal of Estuarine and Coastal Law, Vol.,. http : // avesol.html http : // km EEZ EEZ core area buffer area EEZ EEZ

72 cmcm cm IPCC http : // jp/ocean/ forum //index.html

73 IPCC IPCC IPCC pp Baculogypsina sphaerulata Ship & Ocean Newsletter NO http : / / nippon. zaidan. info / seikabutsu // /mokuji.htm# m ha km km OTEC

74 EEZ EEZ EEZ UNCLOS EEZ

75 CRC

76 Integrated Management Integrated Coastal Management NPONGO

77 NPO

78

79 m in

80 m m a. b. cm

81 c. d.

82 mm m

83 ABC BC C B

84 B C C A C C cm C COD

85

86 GDP GDP GDP A GDP B CBA D WTO

87 LNG LPG

88 LNG

89 IT

90

91 ICC TEU Twenty foot Equivalent Unit.

92 Containerisation International, March TEU TEU Containerisation International, March

93 No TEU P.N.W. & P.S.W

94

95 kmkmmm ft kmhkmh

96 Panama Canal Authority mmm TEU Fairplay, May

97 Limbourg SUA

98 SUA IMO A SUA IMO SUA SUA SUA IMO IMO http : // Hits.html WMD SUA SUA IMO SUA WMD

99 WMD WMD Proliferation Security Initiative PSI WMD PSI PSI WMD PSI PSI Statement of Interdiction Principles PSI WMD PSI a bwmd PSI PSI WMD PSI PSI d WMD

100 WMD WMD PSI PSI SUA PSI SUA PSI WMD WMD EEZ

101 IMO SUA WMD IMO WMD SUA security LNG piracyarmed robbery a i

102 SOLAS ISPS IMO SOLAS SOLAS safety of navigation AIS AIS safety security CSRCSR CSR ISPS CSOSSO SSASSP SOLAS ISPS A ISSCISSC ASEAN SOLAS SOLAS ISPS VHF

103 CSI safety of navigation SOLAS security of navigation WMD CSI CSI SOLAS WMD security

104 NHK IT

105

106 JI JI JI JI JI JI JI JI JI JI ASG MILF KMM MNLF

107 JI ASG MILF MILF JI MILF MILF MILF MILF JI MILF MILF JI JI KMMM M KMM JI ISA KMM JI

108 JI JI JI SEARCCT North East PassageNorth West Passage

109 Stonehouse, B.,.North Pole/South Pole : A Guide to the Ecology and Re sources of the Arctic and Antarctic.

110 INSROP INSROP NSR SOF FNI CNIIMF INSROP International Northern Sea Route Programme Northern Sea Route

111 JANSROP GIS INSROP SOF INSROP JANSROP INSROP SOF SAKandalaksha NSR SOF JANSROP NSR NSR NSR NSR NSR NSR

112 NSR NSR NSR m NSR m NSR Marine Operations Headquarters NSR NSR NSR NSR

113 Regulations for Navigation on the Sea-Notice to Mariners NSR NSR VHF NSR NSR IN- MARSAT OKEAN OKEAN NSR NSR AARI CIHMINSR CIHMI CIHMI NSR NSR

114 way of the Northern Sea Route NSR Guide to Navigating through the Northern Sea Route NSR Administration of the Northern Sea Route AARI NSR m NSR NSR Arctic Council NSR NSR Arctic Council International Arctic Science Committee ACIA Impacts of a Warming Arctic U.S U.S ONRNaval Operations in an Ice Free Arctic Symposium

115 Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio GEO year book NASA/Goddard

116 IGBP JGOFS GLOBECWCRP TOGA WOCE IGBP WCRP ESSP DIVERSTAS Ocean Studies B- oard, National Science C- ouncilglobal O- cean Science:Toward an Integrated Approach. N- ational Academy Press, Washington, D.Cpp. International Geosphere Biosphere Programme Joint Global Ocean Flux Study Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics World Climate Research Programme Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere World Ocean Circulation Experiment Earth System Science Partnership International Program of Biodiversity Science

117 International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change Ocean Drilling Program Fasham, MJR. E- docean Biogeochemistry : The role of the ocean carbon cycle in global change. Springer Verlagpp. IHDP ODP, InterRIDGEODP Joint Global Ocean Flux StudyJGOFS Biological Pump JGOFS JGOFS Th

118 HNLC Schlitzer, R Applying the adjoint m- ethod for global biogeochemical modeling. In : Inverse Method in Global Biogeochemical Cycles. Kasibhatla, P., et aledsagu Geophysical Monograph Series High Nutirent Low Chrolophyll GtC GtCGtC A m m

119 Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research IPCC Climate change The Scientific basis. Contribution pf Woorking Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovermental Panel on Climate change, HoughtonJH et aleds Cambridge University P- ress, Cambridge and New York. JGOFS Fe DMS SOLAS IMBAR IGBP Past Global ChangePAGES ODP Dansgaard Oeschger Events Heinrich Events

120 Dansgaard Oeschger Events Heinrich Events Events Clark, PW., Pisias, NG., Stocker, TF., Weaver, AJThe role of the thermohaline circulation in abrupt climate change. Nature B

121 Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics Programme Kimura, S., Inoue, T.,and Sugimoto, TFluctuation in the distribution pf low salinity water in the North Equatorial Current and its effect on the larval transport of the Japanese eel. Fish. Oceanogr. North Atlantic Oscillation Index GLOBEC GLOBEC

122 NAOI Calanus finmarchicus km Fromentin, JM. and Planque, B Calanus and environment in the eastern North Atlantic. II. Influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on C. finmarchicus and C. helgolandicus. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. km GLOBEC C

123 Hare, SR., and Mantua, NJEmpirical evidence for North Pacific regime shifts inand Prog. Oceanogr. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC

124 IPCC ppm Takahashi, T., Sutherland, S. C., Sweeney, C., Poisson, A., Metzl, N., Tillbrook, B., Bates, N., Wanninkhof, R., Feely, R. A., Sabine, C., Olafsson, J. and Nojiri, Y. Global sea-air CO flux based on climatological surface ocean pco. and seasonal biological and temperature effects, Deep-Sea Res. II,,.

125 Global Earth Observation System of Systems Tropical Atmosphere Ocean / TriangleTrans Ocean Buoy Network Pilot Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic GEOSS GEOSS ARGO TAO/TRITON PIRATA

126 WCRPCLIVARIOC GOOS GEOSS ppm ppm international Climate Variability and Predictability program Global Ocean Observing System

127 m S&O

128 δ δ S&O p p

129 km cm m m m m

130 http : // u.ac.jp/sumatra/index-j.html m S P P

131

132 PTWC NOAA WC/ATWC IOC ICG/ITSU IOC ITIC ITSU PTWC GEOSS IOC Pacific Tsunami Warning Center West Coast and Alaska Tsunami Warning Center Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission International Coordination Group for Tsunami Warning System in the Pacific International Tsunami Information Center m

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134 TIME Tsunami Inundation Modeling Exchange Kyodo Co. http : //news.kyoudo. co. jp / kyodonews//sumatra/serialization/.html.

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163 Official Development Assistance

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168 NASA Aqua/MODIS

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178 illegal unreported unregulated IUU FAO IUU

179 Maritime Transportation Security Act

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181 The Erika

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187 UNEP NGO

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192 NGO

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195 AIS IMO PSI

196 IUU FAO

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198 NPO NGO

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202 a abuse of rights exclusive economic zone hydrographic survey marine environment marine scientific research military activities military surveys peaceful usespurposes surveillance threat of force a b c d a b c a

203 b c a b c d e f g h a b c a b a b c d

204 e a b c d a b c AUVROV a b c d e EEZ O.P J http : //

205 individual fishing quota : IFQdedicated access privilegeifq Global Ocean Observing System : GOOS U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System GOOS National Science and Technology Council : NSTC Joint Subcommittee on Ocean Science and Technology NOAA NOAA http : //ocean.ceq.gov/ http : //ocean.ceq.gov/actionplan.pdf

206

207 km

208 Web Servers http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // JAXA NASDAISASNALhttp : // JAMSTEC http : // http : // http : // http : // jma.go.jp/ http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // JAMARC http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : //

209 NEDO RITE WEB http : // http : // http : //caos-a.geophys.tohoku.ac.jp/ http : // http : //www-es.s.chiba u.ac.jp/kominato/ http : // http : // tokyo.ac.jp/index-j.html http : // tokyo.ac.jp/ http : // tokai.ac.jp/ http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // ~ cmes/ http : //ambl ku.jp/ambl/nihongo/index.html http : //www-mri.fish.nagasaki u.ac.jp http : // u.ac.jp http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : //wwwu.biglobe.ne.jp/ ~ RIOE/ http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : //homepage.nifty.com/jimstef/ http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : //criepi.denken.or.jp/jp/index.html http : // foundation.or.jp/ http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // http : //

210 http : // http : // http : // http : // http : //homepage.nifty.com/marine-float/ http : // Tokyo BEI http : // http : // cil_index.htm http : // http : // http : // http : // http : // html EIC http : // JOIS : JST http : //pr.jst.go.jp/db/info/index.html http : //read.jst.go.jp/ http : //kokkai.ndl.go.jp http : // http : // Ceis Net http : // WWW http : // http : //law.e gov.go.jp/cgi bin/idxsearch.cgi UN : United Nations http : // FAO : Food & Agriculture Organization http : // ILO : International Labor Organization http : // IMO : International Mritime Organization http : // UNEP : United Nations Environment Programme http : // WMO : World Meteorological Organization http : // ISA : International Seabed Authority http : // UNESCO-IOC : Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission DOALOS : Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea ICJ : International Court of Justice ITLOS : International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea GESAMP : The Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection GEF : Global Environment Facility IOI : International Ocean Institute PEMSEA : Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia NOWPAP : Northwest Pacific Action Plan http : //ioc.unesco.org/iocweb/index.php http : // http : // http : // http : //gesamp.imo.org/ http : // http : // http : // http : //merrac.nowpap.org

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212 MAcS NPO

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214 Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority KP Publications

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222 TEL FAX http : // ISBN

PDF/大扉

PDF/大扉 2007 EEZ EU JAMSTEC IMO PEMSEANOWPAPCOBSEA ASEAN EEZ GEBCO EEZ EEZ EEZ EEZ EEZ EEZ EEZ α α 第1部 海洋の総合的管理への新たな挑戦 図1 1 2 1 わが国の管轄海域 領海 接続水域 排他的経済水域 表1 1 2 1 世界の管轄海域面積ランキング 順 位 国 名 面積 単位 万 km2 1

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