6. Association football players showed highest mean value (8.97 N/cm2) in KES per unit of MQF area among athlete groups. Its value was significantly h
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1 CHARACTERISTICS OF ATHLETES IN MUSCLE AREA OF QUADRICEPS FEMORIS NAOYA TSUNODA, HIROAKI KANEHISA, TETSUO FUKUNAGA, MASAKATSU KONDO and SHIGEKI IKEGAWA Abstract The maximal isometric strength of the knee extension (KES) and cross-sectionl area of m. quadriceps femoris (MQF) were measured on 89 male Japanese elite athletes and 14 untrained men to evaluate the morphological and functional characteristics of athletes in the knee extensor muscles. Athletes were specialized in seven different sport events; 16 sumo wrestlers, 22 oarsmen, 8 volleyball players, 16 speed skaters, 12 association football plyers, 5 sprinters, 10 middle and long distance runners. KES was measured by using a specially designed straingages dynamometer at knee angle of 110 degrees (180 degrees= fully extended). Cross-sectional area of MQF at the mid-thigh was determined by ultrasonic apparatus. The following results were obtained. 1. Sumo wrestters showed highest mean values ( cm2) in MQF area among athlete groups. Lower mean values in MQF area were found in sprinters (86.34 cm2) and distance runners (73.86 cm2) whose values were not significantly different from that of untrained (75.32 cm2). 2. In the cross-sectional area of each muscle bundle of MQF, sumo wrestlers, volleyball players and speed skaters showed higher mean values, and sprinters and distance runners had lower mean values as well as untrained men. 3. Higher mean values in percentage of MQF area to the total muscle area of thigh were observed in volleyball players (58.66%) and oarsmen (57.53%), lower mean value in association football players (53.81%), respectively. However, there were no significant differences in percentage of MQF area between untrained and each athlete group. 4. In the percentage of each muscle bundle area to MQF area, m. rectus femoris of association football players and m. vastus lateralis of speed skaters were significantly higher mean values compared with the untrained and other athlete groups. 5. KES were significantly related to the MQF area at 0.1% level (r=0.657). There were significant relationships KES and each muscle bundle area in MQF area at 0.1% level. In the relationship between KES and each muscle bundle area, m. vastus lateralis showed the highest correlation coefficient (r=0.603). Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, Kokushikan University, , Setagaya, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo Faculty of Physical Education, The International Budo University, Katsuura, Chiba Department of Sports Sciences, College of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Economics, Nihon University, Misaki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Department of Physical Education, Japan Women's University, Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
2 6. Association football players showed highest mean value (8.97 N/cm2) in KES per unit of MQF area among athlete groups. Its value was significantly higher than that of untrained men (8.06 N/cm2), distance runners (7.31 N/cm2), volleyball players (7.10N/cm2), and sumo wrestlers (7.50N/cm2). There were no significant differences in KES per unit of MQF area intra athlete groups except for association football players. (J, Physical Fitness Japan 1986, 35 : 192 `199) key words : Cross-sectional Area, M. Quadriceps Femoris, Ultrasonic apparatus, Athletes. Table 1, Physical characteristics of subject ; mean(sd)
3 194 角 田,金 Fig. 側 広 筋(VM)の 側 広 筋(VL),中 間 広 筋(VI),内 本 研 究 で は,膝 ーお よび 短距離 は 関節 伸 展 に おけ る等 尺 性 最 大 筋 した が,こ トレンゲ ー ジ法 に よる筋 力 測 定 装 な か っ た. 井 機 器)を 用 い て 測 定 した.測 被 検 者 の 姿 勢 は 椅 座 位 で,体 固 定 し た.膝 定に おけ る 幹 を 四 点 式 ベ ル トで 関 節 の 測 定 角 度 は,110度(完 位:180度)と 全伸展 し た. 脚 に つ い て の み3 高 値 を 最 大 筋 力 と して 採 用 し た. 相 撲,バ 種 目 別 に 各 測 定 項 目 の 平 均 値 と標 準 偏 差 値 を 算 種 目問 に お け る 平 均 値 の 差 の 検 定 は, 準 で 有 意 と した. III.結,長 ピ ー ドス ケ ー トが 最 も高 く, レー ボ ー ル を 除 く他 の 種 目 よ り有 意 に 高 い 値 で あ っ た.つ い で 相 撲,バ れ らは サ ッ カ ー,短 に 高 い 値 で あ っ た.短 り,相 よ びVIの レーボ ー ル が 高 距 離,一 あ り,長 果 よび そ れ を 構 成 す る 各 筋 群 の い で バ レ ー ボ ー ル,ス ー ト,短 距 離,サ 距 離 が 最 も 低 い 値 を 示 し た.相 ケ ー ト,ボ レー ボ ー ル,ス 差 が 認 め ら れ な か っ た.す り有 意 に 高 い 値 を 示 し た.長 は 有 意 な 差 が 認 め ら れ な か っ た. で,ス ピ ー ドス ケ ー ト,バ サ ッ カ ー,短 レ ー ボ ー ル,ボ ー ト, 距 離 の 順 で あ り,長 距 離 が 最 も低 い 値 を 示 し た.相 撲,ス ピ ー ドス ケ ー トお よ び バ レ ー ボ ー ル のMQF断 面 積 は 他 の 種 目 よ り1%水 VMの く,そ 断 面 積 は,相 に 高 い 値 で あ っ た.す 意な 距 離 と一 般 人 の 間 に 撲 お よびバ レー ボ ール が高 れ ら は サ ッ カ ー,ボ ー ト,長 距 離 よ り 有意 べ て の 種 目が 長 距 離 と 一 般 人 よ り有 意 に 高 い 値 を 示 し た.長 間 に は,有 ピ ー ドス べ て の 種 目が 長 距 離 よ 般 人 よ り1%0水 い 撲 の 値 ー ト,短 距 離 の 各 種 目間 に は,有 の 種 目が,一 準 で 有意 に 高 い値 を ピ ッカ ーの順 で 筋 共 に バ レ ー ボ ー ル を 除 く他 の 種 目 よ り有 面 積 は 短 距 離 お よび 長 距 離 を 除 く他 撲 が 最 も高 く,つ 般 断 面 積 の 種 目順 位 は 同 じで あ る,MQF断 技 種 目間 で は,相 般 人 よ り有 意 距 離 お よび 長 距 離 は,一 撲 が 最 も高 く,つ ー ド ス ケ ー ト,ボ は,両 断 面 積 の 平 均 値 と標 準 偏 差 値 を 示 した も の で あ 示 した,競 ッカ 距 離 よ り有 意 に 高 い 値 を 示 意 に 高 い 値 で あ っ た.バ 表2はMQFお ー ト,サ れ ら三 種 目 問 に は 有 意 な 差 が 認 め られ 面 積 は,ス VLお t-検 定 を 行 い5%水 れ ら三 種 目間 に 人 と の 問 に 有 意 な 差 を 示 さ な か っ た. 計処理 出 した.各 RF断 く,そ 各 被 検 者 と も筋 力 発 揮 は,右 D.統 川 は 有 意 な 差 が 認 め ら れ な か っ た.ボ 尺 性 最 大 筋 力の 測 定 回 行 い,最 藤,池 準 で 有 意 に 高 い 値 で あ っ た が,こ 各 断 面 積 に つ い て 分 析 し た. 力(KES)を,ス 置(竹 永,近 1. Cross-sectional image (left) and schematic drawing (right) of human thigh measured by ultrasonic method. RF : m. rectus femoris, VM : m. vastus medialis, VL : m. vastus lateralis, VI : m. vastus intermedius, SA : m. sartorius, HM : hamstrings る 大 腿 直 筋(RF),外 C.等 久,福 距 離 と一 般 人 の 意 な 差 が 認 め られ な か っ た.
4 Table 2. Cross-sectional area of MQF and each muscle bundle : mean (SD) Abbreviation of RF, VL, VI and VM are as in Fig. 1. Table 3. Percentages of MQF area to total muscle area and each muscle bundle area to MQF area : mean (SD) Abbreviation of RF, VL, VI, and VM are as in Fig. 1.
5 Fig. 2. Relationship between cross-sectional area of MQF and KES. Sp : sprinters, LD : middle and long distance runners, Vo : volleyball players, AF : association football players, Oa : oarsmen, SS : speed skaters, SW : sumo wrestlers, UM ; untrained men. Fig. 3. Relationships between cross-sectional area of each muscle bundle and KES. Abbreviation of RF, VL, VI, VM, and Sp, LD, Vo, AF, Oa, SS, SW, UM, are as in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, resepctively.
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8 Sci. 4, ) Maughan, R, J., Watoson, J. S, and Weir, J. (1983) : Relationships between muscle srtength and muscle cross-sectional area in male sprinters and distance runners. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 50, ) Maughan, R. J. and Nimmo, M. A. (1984) : The influence of variations in muscle fibre composi. tion on muscle strength and cross-sectional area in untrained males. J. Physiol. 351, ) Nygaard, E., Houston, M., Suzuki, Y., JƒÓrgensen, brachial biceps muscle and elbow flexion in man. Acta Physiol. Scand. 117, ) Sale, D, and MacDougall, D. (1981) : Specificity in strength training. A review for the coach and athletes. Canad. J. Appl. Sport Sci. 6, ) Schantz, P., Randoll-Fox, E., Hutchison, W., Tyden, G. and ð strand, P. O. (1983) : Muscle fiber type distribution, muscle-sectional area and maximal voluntary strength in humans. Acta Physiol. Scand. 117, K. and Saltin, B. (1983) : Morphology of the
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等尺 性 最大筋力に及ぼ す 筋断面積お よび筋 線 維組成の影響 筋 断 面 積 の 影 響,さ らに,筋 断 面 積 あ た りの 等 尺 状 態 で,膝 した.な 討 す る こ と を 目 的 と した. 連 続3回,常 を 伸 展 す る際 のpeak 性最 大筋 力 に 対 す る筋線
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