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1 Publication 84 妊娠と医療放射線
2 ICRP Publication 84
3
4 Japanese Translation Series of ICRP Publications Publication 84 This translation was undertaken by the following colleagues. Translated by Tomoko KUSAMA, Michiaki KAI, Nobuhiko BAN, Keiichi AKAHANE Supervised by The Committee for Japanese Translation of ICRP Publications, Japan Radioisotope Association Hiromichi MATSUDAIRA Chair Tatsuji HAMADA Vice-chair Masami IZAWA Hideharu ISHIGURO Jiro INABA Tomoko KUSAMA Sukehiko KOGA Toshisou KOSAKO Yasuhito SASAKI Kazuyoshi BINGO Hideo MATSUZURU ICRP member at the time. Former ICRP member.
5 i ICRP Publication Pregnancy and Medical Radiation Annals of the ICRP, Vol., No. ICRP ICRP ICRP
6 ii ICRP
7 iii v vii
8 iv
9 v ICRP Publication 73 ICRP F. A. Mettler, Jr. R. L. Brent C. Streffer L. Wagner M.Berry S.-Q.He T.Kusama F. A. Mettler, Jr. J.-M.Cosset M.J.Guiberteau L. K. Harding J. Liniecki S. Mattsson H. Nakamura P. Ortiz-Lopez L. V. Pinillos-Ashton M. M. Rehani H. Ringertz M. Rosenstein Y. Sasaki C. Sharp W. Yin W. Y. Ussov
10 vi Annals of the ICRP
11 vii mgy
12
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15 3 Gy mgy Gy rad Gy mgy Sv Sv rem X Gy Sv Gy mgy
16 4 presumptive probable positive
17 5 DNA DNA
18 6 mgy CT X mgy mgy IQ IQ mgy IQ mgy Gy IQ IQ mgy IQ mgy
19 7 IQ IQ mgy IQ mgy Gy IQ X X
20 8 X mgy mgy Gy mgy mgy
21 9 mgy mgy
22 10 X mgy
23 11 X X X mgy X
24 12 X WHO WHO X X X
25 13 X X X X kvp CT mgy CT mgy mgy X kvp
26 14 mgy X X CT kvp
27 15 Sharp, Shrimpton, and Bury, mgy mgy X CT mgy
28 16
29 17
30 18 I I Na Ga Tl DTPA m Tc m Tc DTPA mgy Fe Se Fe Se Fe Se
31 19 Xe m Tc DTPA m m mgy m mgy I P I
32 20 I MBq Gy KI mg mgy P Sr I
33 21 mgy m mgy mgy X Russell, Stabin, Sparks et al.,, ICRP, ICRP MBq mgy mgy m Tc m Tc MAA m Tc m Tc m Tc m Tc m Tc DTPA Ga I I I I mgy/mbq I Gy/MBq
34 22 X mgy
35 23
36 24
37 25 mgy mgy Co cm cm Co m kg
38 26 Co cm cm Dmax American Association of Physicists in Medicine ; AAPM Stovall Blackwell Cundiff et al MV mgy
39 27 Au I
40 28
41 29 mgy
42 30 CT mgy mgy
43 31
44 32 ICRP Publication 62 b World Medical Assembly ICRP Publication 62
45 33 mgy mgy
46 34 mgy mgy mgy NCI SEER mgy mgy IQ mgy mgy mgy mgy mgy IQ
47 35 mgy
48 36 mgy mgy mgy
49 37 Adams, E., Brettle, D., Jones, A. et al. (1997) Estimation of foetal and effective dose for CT examinations. Brit. J. Radiol., Allen, H., Nisker, J. (Eds.) (1986) Cancer in Pregnancy: Therapeutic Guidelines. Futura Publishing, Mt.Kisco, NY, USA. American Medical Association, Council on Scientific Affairs (1984) Effects of pregnancy on work performance. J. American Medical Association, Boice, J. D. Jr., Miller, R. W. (1999) Childhood and adult cancer after intrauterine exposure to ionising radiation. Teratology, Brent, R. L. (1986) Radiation teratogenesis. In: Sever, J.L., Brent, R. I. (Eds.), Teratogen Update: Environmentally Induced Birth Defect Risks. A. R. Liss, New York, pp Brent, R. L., Meistrich, M., Paul, M. (1993) Ionizing and non-ionizing radiations. In: Paul, M. (Ed.), Occupational and Environmental Reproductive Hazards. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD, USA, pp Brent, R. L. (1994) The effect of embryonic and fetal exposure to x-ray, microwaves, ultrasound, magnetic resonance, and isotopes. In: Barron, W. M., Lindheimer, M.D. (Eds.), Medical Disorders during Pregnancy, 2nd ed. Mosby Yearbook, Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA, pp Brent, R. L. (1992) The effects of embryonic and fetal exposure to ionizing radiation: Counseling the patient and worker about these risks. In: Mossman, K. L., Mills, W.A. (Eds.), The Biological Basis of Radiation Protection Practice. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD, USA, pp Brent, R. L. (1995) Ionizing Radiation. In: Queenan, J. T., Hobbins, J.C. (Eds.), Protocols for High Risk Pregnancies, 3rd ed. Blackwell Scientific, Cambridge, MA pp Brent, R. L., Beckman, D. A. (1996) Developmental effects following radiation of embryonic and fetal exposure to x-ray and isotopes: Counselling the pregnant and nonpregnant patient about these risks. In: Hendee, W. K.,Edwards,F.M.(Eds ), Health Effects of Low Level Exposure to Ionizing Radiation. Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol and Philadelphia, pp Damilakis, J., Perisinakis, K., Granimatikakis, J. et al. (1996) Accidental embryo irradiation during barium enema examinations: An estimation of absorbed dose. Investigative Radiology, Delongchamp, R. R., Mabuchi, K., Yoshimoto, Y. et al. (1997) Cancer mortality among atomic bomb survivors exposed in utero or as young children, October 1950-May Radiat. Res., Doll, R., Wakeford, R. (1997) Risk of childhood cancer from foetal irradiation. Brit. J. Radiol., European Commission, DG XI (1999) Guidance for Protection of Unborn Children and Infants Irradiated due to Parental Medical Exposures. Radiation Protection, No. CR EN-C. Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg. Goldman, S. M., Wagner, L. K. (1996) Radiologic management of abdominal trauma in pregnancy. Am. J. Roentgenol., ICRP (1986) Developmental effects of irradiation on the brain of the embryo and fetus. ICRP Publication 49, Annals of the ICRP (4). ICRP (1988) Radiation dose to patients from radiopharmaceuticals. ICRP Publication 53, Annals of the ICRP (1-4). ICRP (1991a) 1990 Recommendations of the Internatinal Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 60, Annals of the ICRP (1-3). ICRP (1991b) Radiological protection in biomedical research. ICRP Publication 62, Annals of the ICRP (3). ICRP (1991c) Summary of the current ICRP principles for protection of the patient in diagnostic radiology. In: ICRP Publication 62, Annals of the ICRP (3). ICRP (1994) Summary of the current ICRP principles for protection of the patient in nuclear medicine. In: ICRP Publication 68, Annals of the ICRP (4). ICRP (1996) Radiological protection and safety in medicine. ICRP Publication 73, Annals of the ICRP (2). ICRP (1997) General principles for the radiation protection of workers. ICRP Publication 75, Annals of the ICRP (1). ICRP (1998) Radiation dose to patients from radiopharmaceuticals. Addendum to ICRP 53. ICRP Publication 80, Annals of the ICRP (3). Jensh, R. P., Eisenman, L. M., Brent, R. L. (1995) Postnatal neurophysiologic effects of prenatal x-irradiation. Int. J. Radial. Biol., Konermann, G. (1987) Postimplantation defects in development following ionizing irradiation. In: Nygaard, O. F., Sinclair, W. K., Lett, J. T. (Eds.), Advances in Radiation Biology, Vol. 13. Academic Press, San Diego, New York, Boston, London, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, pp Koren, G., Lishner, M., Fame, D. (Eds.) (1996) Cancer in Pregnancy: Maternal and Foetal Risks. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Lavoie, C., Don, C. (1997) In-vivo measurement method of ovarian dose during barium enema examinations.
50 38 Brit.J.Radiol, Miller, R. W., Boice, J. D. Jr. (1997) Cancer after intrauterine exposure to the atomic bomb. Radiat. Res., NCI-SEER (1994) Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Cancer Statistics Review :Tables and Graphs. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. NCRP (1977) Medical Exposure of Pregnant and Potentially Pregnant Women. NCRP Report No. 54. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, USA. NCRP (1996) Sources and Magnitude of Occupational and Public Exposures from Nuclear Medicine Procedures. NCRP Report No National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, USA. NCRP (1998) Radionuclide Exposure of the Embryo/Fetus, NCRP Report No National Council on a Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, USA. Russell, J. R., Stabin, M. G., Sparks, R. B. (1997) Placental transfer of radiopharmaceuticals and dosimetry in pregnancy. Health Phys., Russell, J. R., Stabin, M. G., Sparks, R. B. et al. (1997) Radiation absorbed dose to the embryo/fetus from radiopharmaceuticals. Health Phys., Sharp, C., Shrimpton, J. A., Bury, R. F. (1998) Diagnostic Medical Exposures: Advice on Exposure to Jonising Radiation during Pregnancy. National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, UK. Sinclair, W. K., Adeistein, S. J., Brent, R. L. et al. (1994) Considerations Regarding the Unintended Exposure of the Embryo, Fetus, or Nursing Child. NCRP Commentary No. 9. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda MD, USA. Sneed, P., Albright, N., Wara, W. et al. (1995) Fetal dose estimates for radiotherapy of brain tumours during pregnancy. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. and Physics, Stovall, M., Blackwell, C., Cundiff, I. et al. (1995) Fetal dose from radiotherapy with photon beams: Report of the AAPM Radiation Therapy Task Group No. 36. Med. Phys., Strahlenschutzkommission (1989) Effects of Prenatal Irradiation. Veroffentlichungen der Strahlenschutzkommission, Band2. GustavFischer-Verlag, Stuttgart, New York. Streffer, C., Molls, M. (1987) Cultures of preimplantation mouse embryos: A model for radiobiological studies. In: Nygaard, O.F., Sinclair, W. K., Lett, J. T. (Eds.), Advances in Radiation Biology, Vol. 13. Academic Press, San Diego, New York, Boston, London, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, pp UNSCEAR (1993) Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation 1993 Report to the General Assembly, Annex H: Radiation effects on the developing human brain. UNPublicationSalesNo.E.94.IX.2.UnitedNations,NewYork,USA. Wagner, L., Lester, R., Saldana, L. (Eds.) (1997) Exposure of the Pregnant Patient to Diagnostic Radiations: A Guide to Medical Management (2nd ed). Medical Physics Publishing, Madison, WI, USA. WHO (1992) Antenatal Care and Maternal Health: How Effective is it? A Review of Evidence. World Health Organization MSM WHO (1999) Care in Normal Birth: A Practical Guide. World Health Organization. FRH/MSM/96-24, on-line version 99. Yoshimoto, Y., Delongchamp, R., Mabuchi, K. (1994) In utero exposed atomic bomb survivors: cancer risk update. Lancet,
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