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1 Analysis of the Oral Tradition of the Pre-Islamic Poetry Akemi Moriguchi mu allaqāt Imru al-qays, d. c.mu allaqa Abstract The Arabs have admired poetry since the pre-islamic age, considering it as the most excellent literary form for expressing their thoughts and feelings. An accepted traditional opinion says that the mu allaqātthe suspended odes, the canonical seven, or ten greatest odes of the Jāhilīyaof the pre-islamic age are the masterpieces of Arabic literature through all the ages, both pre-islamic and post-islamic. Not only did the pre-islamic poetry reflect the Arab s ways of life and their spirits, but also it contributed greatly to the linguistic development of the classical Arabic, no less than the Qur ān did. The researchers of the pre-islamic poetry have been always confronted with the variety of its existing texts owing to the oral poetic tradition. This article deals with the five texts of Imru al-qays s mu allaqāt a singular form of mu allaqātone of the most famous pre-islamic Arabic odes, and analyzes their differences. It was found that their differences have restrictions and regularities. Key words : al-jāhilīyabarbarism, ArabicPoetry, Oral Literature, Prosody, Tradition Received September 25, 2006

2 1. Kitāb Alf Layla wa Layla qa sīda 2. Jāhilīya

3 adab 3. Ukāz

4 rāwī qi t a al-qa sā id al-sab al- Tiwālal-Sumūt al-sab al- Muddahabāt al-ka ba el-tayib Abū Tammām, c. hamāsaal-mufa d dal al-dabbī, d.al-mufa d dalīyāt al-i sfahānī, d. Kitāb al-agānī Husayn Ahlwardt

5 4. qa sada Goldziher taf īl bahr tawīl lām lāmīya

6 poetic licenses 4. 2 nasīb, the amatory preludetakallu s, disengagementgarad, the main theme Bateson Banū Kinda Handaj Ibn Hujr Abū Wahb Fā tima Bint Rabīa Abū Hārit al-malik al-dillīldū al-qurūh

7 Husayn 5. 2 lām lāmīya qifā nabkimin dikrā habībin wa manzilī bi siq ti l liwā baynaddakūli fa hawmalī fa tū di ha fa l miqrāti lam ya fu rasmu-hā li-mā nasajat-hā minjanūbin wa sam alī tarā ba ara l ar āmi fī ara sāti-hā wa qī āni-hā ka- anna-hū habbu fulfilī 5. 3 Bateson

8 Bateson 6. Ahlwardtal- A t tāral-zawzanī al-zawzanī al-zawzanī al-anbārī al-tibrzī AhlwardtEla lam al- A t tār al-zawzanī al-anbārī al-sinqī tīn.d. al- A t tār al-zawzanī al-zawzanī IAhAtZ-aZ-b I Ah rihl Z-aZ-bAt kūr yusirrūna At yusirrūnayusirrūna yusirrūna

9 rihhl kūr yusirrūna yusirrūna 2 Z-a ad-dimiqsi a ad-dimaqsi 3 IAhZ-a hu Z-bAt hā hā hu 4 Z-bAt faiahz-a fa jāwaztufa tajāwaztu 5 IAh fī Z-aZ-bAt min 6 IZ-aAt u al-gulāmu AhZ-b a al-gulāma 7 IAhZaZb kidra unayzatin At kidra unayzatinat 8 IZaZbAt la-ka min-hunna sālihin Ah sālihin sālihin la-ka min-hunna

10 7. 2 I Ah Za Zb At li-ri hli-hā ad-dimaqsi gadā iru-hu tajāwaztu fī al-gulāmu kidra unayzatin la-ka min-hunna sāli hin li-ri hli-hā ad-dimaqsi gadā iru-hu tajāwaztu fī al-gulāma kidra unayzatin sāli hin la-ka min-hunna min-kūri-hā ad-dimiqsi gadā iru-hu tajāwaztu min al-gulāmu kidra unayzatin la-ka min-hunna sāli hin min-kūri-hā ad-dimaqsi gadā iru-hā fa-jāwaztu min al-gulāma min-kūri-hā ad-dimaqsi gadā iru-hā fa-jāwaztu min al-gulāmu kidra unayzatin unayzatin la-ka min-hunna sāli hin la-ka min-hunna sāli hin 1 I madadtu bi-gu snay dawmatin ha sartu bi-fawday ra si-hā Z-aZ-bAt 2 Z-aZ-bAt 3 Z-aZ-bAt 7. 3 rihl kūr rihl kūr

11 fī min fī min fa 8.

12 pp.. K.F. Ahlwardt, W. The Divans of the Six Ancient Arabic Poets, London, al- A t tār, Slaymān al-mu allaqāt al -sab,cairo, Bateson, M, C. Structural Continuity in Poetry, A Linguistic Study in Five Preislamic Arabic Odes, Paris, Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature vols, ed. J. S. Meisami, P. Starkey,Routledge,,E. A. L. Goldziher, I. AShortHistoryofClassical Arabic Literature, Hildesheim, Hutay a, Encyclopaedia of Islam New ed. vol., Leiden,p Husayn, Tā h ā Fī al-adab al -jāhilī, Cairo, Nouryeh, C. Translation and Critical Study of Ten Pre-islamic Odes, NewYork, el-tayib, Abdulla Pre-Islamic poetry, Arabic Literature to the End of the Umayyad Period, ed. A.F.L. Beeston et al., Cambridge,, pp. Wright, W. AGrammarofthe Arabic Language,rd. ed.,vols. in, Beirut, al-zawzanī, A hmad. b. al-husayn Sar hal-mu allaqāt al -sab,beirut, Kitāb sar hal-mu allaqāt al-sab,cairo, Zuhayr Ibn Abī Sulmā, d. Basāma Ibn al-gādiraws Ibn Hajar, d.al-hu tay a, d. el-tayib, T āhā Husayn,

13 Wright,, vol., pp. fa-ji tu wa qad na dat li-nawmin tiyāba-hā ladassitri illā libsatalmutafa d dali ka- anna dimā alhādiyāti bi-na hrihi u sārat hinnā ibi- saybin murajjali yu di usanāhu aw ma sābī hu rāhibin amāla ssalī ta bi-d dubāli lmufattali Abū Abd Allāh al-husayn Ibn A hmad al-zawzanīd. Sar hal-mu allaqāte. A. L., al-anbārī AbūBakr Mu hammad Ibn al-qāsim Sar hal-qa sā id al -sab al - tiwāl al -jūhilīyāt, Kitāb al -adād E. A. L., Yūsuf Ibn Sulaymān al-a lam al-santamrī Sar hal- mu allaqāt, Sawāhid SībawayhE. A. L., Ahlwardt,, pp. XV XXV Ela lam yusirrūna Ela lam yusirrūna Ahlwart -hū gadā iru-hū mustaszirātun ila l ulā ta dillu l iqā su fī mutannan wa mursalī go on, unveil the morningnouryeh al-zawzanī min min min al-zawzanī al-zawzanī

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