B2 Vol. B2-65 No High-frequency Field Measurements of Aeolian Sand Transport Rate at a Beach Keiko UDO This study conducted field obser
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1 B2 Vol. B2-65 No High-frequency Field Measurements of Aeolian Sand Transport Rate at a Beach Keiko UDO This study conducted field observations in terms of the number of wind-blown sand impacts and wind velocity in the period of 22 September-2 December 2005 at an open ocean beach in Japan, in order to investigate variation of the wind-blown sand transport rate. Measured transport rate was calculated using the number of wind-blown sand impacts and compared to the rate estimated from the wind velocity using Bagnold's, Kawamura's, and Owen's equations. During the measurement period, the rate estimated using Owen's equation was relatively good agreement with the measured rate and the other equations overestimate the measured rate. The rate estimated using Kawamura's equation from hourly wind data obtained at off-site significantly overestimates the measured rate more than one order. Further knowledge about the actual aeolian sand transport should be accumulated in the field Stockton Gillette 1990 Sensit Bauer Namikas Sensit Hz /50 90m d mm 2.3φ
2 2 2 Delta OHM HD2003 z w 0.9m N ud kHz 1Hz kHz 45 Udo et al z s 0.04m 1Hz National Instruments cfp-2000 HORS 12 10m 1 n [s -1 ] q Sensor (z s )[kg m -2 s -1 ] d mm Q z q (z) Hotta za d ρ s kg/m 3 d PS 0.012m t 0 1s d mm q Sensor (z) q (z) R Hotta \m/s u * 1.77m/s0.14mm d mm Q [kg m -1 s -1 ] q z 3 d mm R 2 z = m z = R 2 3 A z 4 4 d mm 2.0φ B = 0.052C =
3 B2 Vol. B2-65 No m/s s= σ /ρ v u * d 50 B u* t Bagnold κ0.4 u z 0.9 m d z 0 A 0.1 c Raupach 1991 ρ s 2650kg/m d 50 C 5 z s n Q B C d mm d mm 2.0φ 1 5 Q 10 Bagnold Owen ρ 1.226kg/m 3 g 9.81m/s 2 u * u *t c B =1.8 c K =2.78 c O = w 0 /3u * d = 0.2mm w 0 Rubey : : : : m/s 18m/s -3 82mm 9mm/hr 17 23m/s 4. n 5 Q 7 8 Q K Q O 8 7 Q z z s Q O Q B Q K Q B Q Q K Q O c K c K 0.5 Q K Q O Q 0.01kg/m/s Owen 1964 Q 0.01kg/m/s :
4 現地海岸における飛砂量の高頻度観測 549 図-7 10 分間平均風速 u 平均風向 θ 飛砂粒子数 n 計測飛砂量 Q および推定飛砂量 QO 降水量 Pr ならびに飛砂センサーの砂面 からの高さ zs の時系列 平均風向風速の灰色プロットは HORS 桟橋上標高 10m 地点で取得されたデータを 灰色ハッチ部分は u θ ならびに nの欠測期間を示す 0:00の 欠測期間 異常値観測期間 ならびに降雨時 降 雨終了後2時間以内は降雨時と定義 を除く期間の積算質 量飛砂量を積算し積算体積飛砂量に換算すると Q B 9.7m3/(m 69.7days) QK 18.0m3/(m 69.7days) ならび に QO 4.5m3/(m 69.7days) となった さらに 風向を 用いてこれらの積算値を岸沖方向および沿岸方向の体積 飛砂量に換算し積算したところ 岸沖方向については QB 6.6m3/(m 69.7days) QK 12.3m3/(m 69.7days) な らびに QO 3.0m3/(m 69.7days) 陸向きを正 となり 沿岸方向については Q B 5.4m 3 /(m 69.7days) Q K 10.5m3/(m 69.7days) ならびに QO 2.5m3/(m 69.7days) 銚子方向を正 となった 総飛砂量 岸沖飛砂量 なら びに沿岸飛砂量の計測値 Q ならびに 3 1.5m /(m 69.7days) は Owen式を用いた推定値に最も近 図-8 n より求めた計測飛砂量 Q と推定飛砂量 Q K および Q O と の関係 10 分間平均値 点線円内は降雨時のデータを 示す い値となるものの いずれも1.6倍以上の値となり過大評 価であった ここで求めたQB QK ならびにQO は観測地点付近の砂 佐藤ら 2008 よって次に 波崎海岸のHORS 桟橋上標 高 10m 地点で取得された毎正時の 10 分間平均風向風速デ 面から0.9mの地点において計測された10分間平均風速を ータを用いて同期間のQK の推定を行った QK の積算値は 用いて推定された しかしながら 我が国における現地 30.9m3/(m 69.7days) と な り 計 測 値 Q 2.3m3/(m の飛砂量推定では 通常対象領域に最も近い気象観測所 69.7days) を大幅に上回った 岸沖 沿岸方向について で取得された毎正時の 10 分間平均風向風速データを用い も QK 22.2m3/(m 69.7days) および QK 17.2m3/(m てZingg式 1953 および河村式 1951 式 7 よりu* 69.7days) となり 1オーダー程度の過大評価となった およびQK を推定される場合が多い 土木学会編 1999 本計測期間においては Bagnold式 河村式 ならびに
5 B2 Vol. B2-65 No Owen Q 0.01kg/m/s 2008 fetch 8 blowout Zingg 10m 1 Zingg u* 5. Owen 10m Zingg 1 B pp pp pp No. 5 pp pp pp pp pp Bagnold R. A. (1941): The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes, Methuen, London, 265 p. Bauer, B. O. and S. L. Namikas (1998): Design and field test of a continuously weighing, tipping-bucket assembly for aeolian sand traps, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol. 23, pp Hotta, S., S. Kubota, N. Nakamura and K. Hosaka (2006): Wind tunnel study of vertical distribution of sand transport rate by wind, Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, ASCE, pp Owen, P. R. (1964): Saltation of uniform grains in air, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 20, pp Raupach, M.R. (1991): Rough-wall turbulent boundary layers, Applied mechanics reviews, Vol. 44, pp Rubey, W. W. (1933): Settling velocities of gravel, sand, and silt particles, American Journal of Science, Vol. 25, pp Stockton, P. H. and D. A. Gillette (1990): Field measurement of the sheltering effect of vegetation on erodible land surfaces, Land degradation & rehabilitation, Vol. 2, pp Udo K., Y. Kuriyama and D. W. T. Jackson (2008): Observations of wind-blown sand under various meteorological conditions, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol.113, F04008, doi: /2007JF Zingg, A. W. (1953): Wind tunnel studies of the movement of sedimentary material, Proceedings of 5th Hydraulic Conference, Bulletin 24, pp
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