資料 4 デンマーク ノルウェーの環境保健に関する文献レビュー ( 中間報告 ) 1. 背景小児環境保健に関する 10 万人規模の疫学調査として デンマーク ノルウェー ア メリカと 近年調査が計画された韓国 イギリスの計 5 か国の状況を表 1 に示す これら 5 か国のうち デンマーク (DNB
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1 資料 4 デンマーク ノルウェーの環境保健に関する文献レビュー ( 中間報告 ) 1. 背景小児環境保健に関する 10 万人規模の疫学調査として デンマーク ノルウェー ア メリカと 近年調査が計画された韓国 イギリスの計 5 か国の状況を表 1 に示す これら 5 か国のうち デンマーク (DNBC) とノルウェー (MoBa) は エコチル調 査の先行研究であり 現在も継続している重要な出生コーホート研究であることから その経験や知見をエコチル調査に反映することが重要である そのため エコチル調査 の企画評価に反映することを目的に デンマークとノルウェーについて エコチル調査が対象とする環境曝露に関連する文献レビューを実施する 表 1 小児環境保健に関する 10 万人規模の疫学調査の状況 国名 出生コーホート調査の名称 リクルート 数 ( 計画 ) デンマーク ノルウェー アメリカ 韓国 デンマーク全国出生コーホート (The Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC)) ノルウェー母子コーホート調査 ( Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)) 全米子ども調査 (National Children s Study (NCS)) Korean Children s Environmental Health Study (KO-CHENS) 約 10 万人 約 10 万人 約 10 万人 約 10 万人 状況 1996 年に開始調査継続中 1999 年に開始調査継続中 2014 年に中止 2015 年に開始調査継続中 イギリス Life Study 約 8 万人 2015 年に中止 2. 文献レビューの方法 1 レビュー対象論文 DNBC MoBa の公式発表の論文を レビュー対象論文とする 2 発表論文数の推移 発表論文数を経年的に整理する 3 対象論文の選定 上記 1 のレビュー対象論文のうち エコチル調査が対象とする環境曝露に関する論 文を抽出する 抽出方法としては 研究目的に エコチル調査研究計画書に記載されている環境曝露に関する事項を含むものとする 1) ステップ 1 タイトルから判断して該当しないものを除外する 判断できないものは残す 2) ステップ 2 アブストラクトから判断して該当しないものを除外する 1
2 判断できないものは残す 3) ステップ 3 該当論文として抽出 4 レビュー一覧表の作成上記 3 の対象論文について 研究デザイン 解析デザイン 研究対象者 健康指標 曝露指標 結果概要に関する情報をレビュー一覧表に整理する ( 表 2) 表 2 レビュー一覧表 No. 論文 タイトル 著者名 雑誌名 研究 デザイン 解析 デザイン 研究 対象者 健康 指標 曝露 指標 結果 概要 文献レビューの結果 ( 中間報告 ) 1 レビュー対象論文 DNBC MoBa ともに 公式ホームページに発表論文が掲載されており 年 6 月 6 日の検索時点で DNBC 439 件 MoBa 462 件の計 901 件が該当した その後 文献レビュー作業の過程で MoBa で 3 件重複があったため 以降 MoBa 459 件 合計 898 件で整理した 2 発表論文数の推移 DNBC MoBa エコチル調査の 3 調査で 発表論文数の推移を比較した いずれ の調査も 発表論文数は 毎年増加を続けている ( 図 1~ 図 3) エコチル調査は 調査開始年からの発表論文数に関して DNBC や MoBa よりも 多い結果となっている ( 図 3) DNBC の研究担当者によると コーホート調査は 樹木が成長していくプロセス に似ており 我々は それを疫学の木 (epidemiology tree) と呼んでいる 樹木が成長する中で枝葉に分かれていくように コーホート調査も調査が進む中で様々な 変化に対応していかなければならない このようなコーホート調査の特性を理解し てもらうことが大切であり そういった理解なくしてコーホート調査は成り立たな い という意見をいただいた 1 DNBC: cations.aspx MoBa: 2
3 発表論文件数 ( 件 / 年 ) エコチル調査 DNBC MoBa '00 '01 '02 '03'04 '05'06 '07'08 '09'10 '11'12 '13'14 '15 '16 '17 西暦図 1 論文数の経年変化 ( 一年間の論文数 ) 2 発表論文件数 ( 件 / 年 ) エコチル調査 DNBC MoBa 1 年目 2 年目 3 年目 4 年目 5 年目 6 年目 7 年目 8 年目 9 年目 10 年目 11 年目 12 年目 13 年目 14 年目 15 年目 16 年目 17 年目 18 年目 19 年目 20 年目 21 年目 図 2 調査開始年からの論文数 ( 一年間の論文数 1~21 年目 ) 2 発表論文件数 ( 件 ) エコチル調査 DNBC MoBa 1 年目 2 年目 3 年目 4 年目 5 年目 6 年目 7 年目 8 年目 9 年目 10 年目図 3 調査開始年からの論文数 ( 一年毎累積数 1~10 年目 ) 2 2 エコチル調査の 2017 年 ( 調査開始年から 7 年目 ) は 2017 年 7 月末現在のデータ 3
4 3 対象論文の選定 898 件のうち 2.3 に記載した手順で対象論文を選定した結果 DNBC から 30 件 MoBa から 41 件の論文が抽出された ( 表 4~ 表 5) 調査の 名称 表 3 論文で取り上げられている主な環境曝露に関するキーワード 環境曝露に関するキーワード件数発行年 DNBC (PFOA PFOS PFAS 等 ) , 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2014, 2015, 2017 大気汚染 , 2016, 2017 交通騒音 塩素系 POPs( ダイオキシン PCB) , 2009 MoBa (PFOA PFOS PFAS 等 ) , 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 塩素系 POPs( ダイオキシン PCB) , 2013, 2014, 2016 大気汚染 , 2015, 2016, 2017 フェノール類 ( ビスフェノール A パラ , 2013, 2015 ベン ) アクリルアミド , 2013 水銀 , 2016 略号 PFOA: Perfluorooctanoic acid( ペルフルオロオクタン酸 ) PFOS: Perfluorooctane sulfonate( ペルフルオロオクタンスルホン酸 ) PFAS: Perfluorinated alkyl substances( ペルフルオロアルキル化合物 ) PCB: Polychlorinated biphenyl( ポリ塩化ビフェニル ) POPs:Persistent Organic Pollutants( 残留性有機汚染物質 ) 4 レビュー表の作成 現在 各論文を読み込み レビュー一覧表 ( 表 2) を作成中である 4
5 表 4 エコチル調査が対象とする環境曝露に関連する論文 (DNBC 30 件 ) 1 Is high consumption of fatty fish during pregnancy a risk factor for fetal growth retardation? A study of 44,824 Danish pregnant women. Halldorsson TI, Meltzer HM, Thorsdottir I, Knudsen V, Olsen SF. Am J Epidemiol Sep 15;166(6): ( 残留性有機汚染物質暴 露経路としての ) 魚の消費 2 Perfluorinated chemicals and fetal growth: a study within the Danish National Birth Cohort Fei C, McLaughlin JK, Tarone RE, Olsen J. Environ Health Perspect Nov;115(11): Linking exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls with fatty fish consumption and reduced fetal growth among Danish pregnant women: a cause for concern? Halldorsson TI, Thorsdottir I, Meltzer HM, Nielsen F, Olsen SF. Am J Epidemiol Oct 15;168(8): PCB 4 Dietary predictors of perfluorinated chemicals: a study from the Danish National Birth Cohort. Halldorsson TI, Fei C, Olsen J, Lipworth L, McLaughlin JK, Olsen SF. Environ Sci Technol Dec 1;42(23): Prenatal exposure to perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and maternally reported developmental milestones in infancy Fetal growth indicators and perfluorinated chemicals: a study in the Danish National BirthCohort. Prenatal and postnatal exposure to cell phone use and behavioral problems in children Fei C, McLaughlin JK, Lipworth L, Olsen J. Fei C, McLaughlin JK, Tarone RE, Olsen J. Environ Health Perspect Oct;116(10): (PFOA PFOS) Am J Epidemiol Jul 1;168(1): 携帯電話使用と無線周波 Divan HA, Kheifets L, Obel C, Olsen J. Epidemiology Jul;19(4): 数電磁場の影響 8 Dioxin-like activity in plasma among Danish pregnant women: dietary predictors, birth weight and infant development. Halldorsson TI, Thorsdottir I, Meltzer HM, Strøm M, Olsen SF. Environ Res Jan;109(1): ダイオキシン 9 Designs and analyses for exploring the relationship of magnetic fields to childhood leukaemia: a pilot project for the Danish National Birth Cohort. Greenland S, Kheifets L. Scand J Public Health Jan;37(1): 磁界 5
6 10 Maternal levels of perfluorinated chemicals and subfecundity Fei C, McLaughlin JK, Lipworth L, Olsen J. Hum Reprod May;24(5): Non-occupational exposure to paint fumes during pregnancy and fetal growth in a general population. Sørensen M, Andersen AM, Raaschou- Nielsen O. Environ Res May;110(4): 有機溶剤 12 Prenatal exposure to PFOA and PFOS and risk of hospitalization for infectious diseases in early childhood Fei C, McLaughlin JK, Lipworth L, Olsen J. Environ Res Nov;110(8): (PFOA PFOS) 13 Maternal concentrations of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and duration of breastfeeding. Fei C, McLaughlin JK, Lipworth L, Olsen J. Scand J Work Environ Health Sep;36(5): (PFOA PFOS) 14 Parental occupational exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and male genital malformations: a study in the Danish National Birth Cohort study. Morales-Suárez-Varela MM, Toft GV, Jensen MS, Ramlau-Hansen C, Kaerlev L, Thulstrup AM, Llopis-González A, Olsen J, Bonde JP. Environ Health Jan 14;10(1): 内分泌かく乱物質 15 Prenatal exposure to perfluorinated chemicals and behavioral or coordination problems at age 7 years Fei C, Olsen J. Environ Health Perspect Apr;119(4): Non-occupational exposure to paint fumes during pregnancy and risk of congenital anomalies: a cohort study. Hjortebjerg D, Andersen AM, Garne E, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Sørensen M. Environ Health Aug 14;11: 有機溶剤 17 Ambient air pollution and low birthweight: a European cohort study (ESCAPE). Pedersen M, Giorgis-Allemand,... Slama R. Lancet Respir Med Nov;1(9): 大気汚染 Liew Z, Ritz B, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, 18 Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and the risk of congenital cerebral palsy in children. Henriksen TB, Nohr EA, Bech BH, Fei C, Bossi R, von Ehrenstein OS, Streja E, Am J Epidemiol Sep 15;180(6): Uldall P, Olsen J. 19 Fish intake during pregnancy, fetal growth, and gestational length in 19 European birth cohort studies. Leventakou V, Roumeliotaki T,... Chatzi L. Am J Clin Nutr Mar;99(3): 魚を暴露経路とした環境汚染物質 6
7 20 Breast cancer risk after exposure to perfluorinated compounds in Danish women: a case-control study nested in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Long M, Fredslund SO, Bossi R, Olsen J. Cancer Causes Control Nov;25(11): Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and childhood autism in association with prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances: a nested case-control study in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Liew Z, Ritz B, von Ehrenstein OS, Bech BH, Nohr EA, Fei C, Bossi R, Henriksen TB, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Olsen J. Environ Health Perspect Apr;123(4): Bias from conditioning on live birth in pregnancy cohorts: an illustration based on neurodevelopment in children after prenatal exposure to organic pollutants. Liew Z, Olsen J, Cui X, Ritz B, Arah OA. Int J Epidemiol Feb;44(1): 有機汚染物質 23 Elemental Constituents of Particulate Matter and Newborn's Size in Eight European Cohorts. Pedersen M, Gehring U,... Slama R. Environ Health Perspect Jan;124(1): 大気汚染 ( 粒子状物質 ) 24 Exposure to Road Traffic Noise and Behavioral Problems in 7- Year-Old Children: A Cohort Study. Hjortebjerg D, Andersen AM, Christensen JS, Ketzel M, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Sunyer J, Julvez J, Forns J, Sørensen M. Environ Health Perspect Feb;124(2): 交通騒音 25 Associations between maternal exposure to air pollution and traffic noise and newborn's size at birth: A cohort study. Hjortebjerg D, Andersen AM, Ketzel M, Pedersen M, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Sørensen M. Environ Int Oct;95: 交通騒音 大気汚染 26 Pregnancy and childhood exposure to residential traffic noise and overweight at 7years of age. Christensen JS, Hjortebjerg D, Raaschou- Nielsen O, Ketzel M, Sørensen TI, Sørensen M. Environ Int Sep;94: 交通騒音 27 Impact of Road Traffic Pollution on Pre-eclampsia and Pregnancy-induced Hypertensive Disorders. Pedersen M, Halldorsson TI, Olsen SF, Hjortebjerg D, Ketzel M, Grandström C, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Sørensen M. Epidemiology Jan;28(1): 大気汚染 7
8 28 The Influence of Meteorological Factors and Atmospheric Pollutants on the Risk of Preterm Birth Giorgis-Allemand L, Pedersen M,... Slama R. Am J Epidemiol Feb 15;185(4): 大気汚染 Polymorphism in xenobiotic and estrogen metabolizing genes, 29 exposure to perfluorinated compounds and subsequent breast cancer risk: A nested case-control study in the Danish National Ghisari M, Long M, Røge DM, Olsen J, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC. Environ Res Apr;154: Birth Cohort Bjerregaard-Olesen C, Bossi R, Liew 30 Maternal serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl acids in five international birth cohorts Z, Long M, Bech BH, Olsen J, Henriksen TB, Berg V, Nøst TH, Zhang JJ, Odland Int J Hyg Environ Health Mar;220(2 Pt A): (PFOA) JØ, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC. 8
9 表 5 エコチル調査が対象とする環境曝露に関連する論文 (MoBa 41 件 ) 1 The Influence of Meteorological Factors and Atmospheric Pollutants on the Risk of Preterm Birth. Giorgis-Allemand, L., Pedersen, M., Bernard, C., Aguilera, I., Beelen, R. M., Chatzi, L.,... Slama, R. Am J Epidemiol 大気汚染 2 Occupational Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Birth Weight and Length of Gestation: A European Meta- Analysis. Birks, L., Casas, M., Garcia, A. M., Alexander, J., Barros, H., Bergstrom, A., Vrijheid, M. Environ Health Perspect, 124(11), 内分泌かく乱物質 The influence of maternal dietary exposure to dioxins and PCBs Caspersen, I. H., Aase, H., Biele, G., 3 during pregnancy on ADHD symptoms and cognitive functions Brantsaeter, A. L., Haugen, M., Kvalem, Environ Int, 94, PCB ダイオキシン in Norwegian preschool children. H. E.,... Knutsen, H. K. 4 Maternal dietary exposure to dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is associated with language delay in 3 year old Norwegian children. Caspersen, I. H., Haugen, M., Schjølberg, S., Vejrup, K., Knutsen, H. K., Brantsæter, A. L.,... Kvalem, H. E. Environment International, 91, PCB 5 Determinants of plasma PCB, brominated flame retardants, and organochlorine pesticides in pregnant women and 3 year old children in The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Caspersen, I. H., Kvalem, H. E., Haugen, M., Brantsaeter, A. L., Meltzer, H. M., Alexander, J.,... Knutsen, H. K. Environmental Research, 146, PCB 6 Novel application of statistical methods for analysis of multiple toxicants identifies DDT as a risk factor for early child behavioral problems. Forns, J., Mandal, S., Iszatt, N., Polder, A., Thomsen, C., Lyche, J. L.,... Eggesbo, M. Environmental Research, 151, ジクロロジフェニルトリクロロ エタン (DDT) 7 Perinatal exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds and infant growth and body mass index at seven years: A pooled analysis of three European birth cohorts. Iszatt, N., Stigum, H., Govarts, E., Murinova, L. P., Schoeters, G., Trnovec, T.,... Eggesbø, M. Environment International, 94, ダイオキシン 9
10 8 Association between pregnancy exposure to air pollution and birth weight in selected areas of Norway. Panasevich, S., Haberg, S. E., Aamodt, G., London, S. J., Stigum, H., Nystad, W., & Nafstad, P. Arch Public Health, 74, 大気汚染 9 Exposure of Norwegian toddlers to perfluoroalkyl substances : The association with breastfeeding and maternal PFAS concentrations. Papadopoulou, E., Sabaredzovic, A., Namork, E., Nygaard, U. C., Granum, B., & Haug, L. S. Environment International, 94, Erratum: "Environmental, Dietary, Maternal, and Fetal Predictors of Bulky DNA Adducts in Cord Blood: A European Pedersen, M., Mendez, M. A., Schoket, B., Godschalk, R. W., Espinosa, A., Environ Health Perspect, 124(1), A 大気汚染 Mother-Child Study (NewGeneris)" Landstrom, A.,... Kogevinas, M. 11 Prenatal methylmercury exposure and language delay at three years of age in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Vejrup, K., Schjølberg, S., Knutsen, H. K., Kvalem, H. E., Brantsæter, A. L., Meltzer, H. M.,... Haugen, M. Environment International, 92, メチル水銀 12 A Simple Pharmacokinetic Model of Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs). Verner, M. A., Ngueta, G., Jensen, E. T., Fromme, H., Volkel, W., Nygaard, U. C.,... Longnecker, M. P. Environ Sci Technol, 50(2), Brief Report: Plasma Concentrations of Perfluorooctane Sulfonamide and Time-to-pregnancy Among Primiparous Women. Whitworth, K. W., Haug, L. S., Sabaredzovic, A., Eggesbo, M., & Longnecker, M. P. Epidemiology, 27(5), (PFOS) 14 Human exposure pathways to organophosphate triesters - A biomonitoring study of mother-child pairs. Cequier, E., Sakhi, A. K., Marcé, R. M., Becher, G., & Thomsen, C. Environment International, 75, 有機リン酸トリエステル 15 Measurement of Total and Free Urinary Phenol and Paraben Concentrations over the Course of Pregnancy: Assessing Reliability and Contamination of Specimens in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Guidry, V. T., Longnecker, M. P., Aase, H., Eggesbo, M., Zeiner, P., Reichborn- Kjennerud, T.,... Engel, S. M. Environmental Health Perspectives, 123(7), フェノール パラベン 10
11 16 Assessment of human hair as an indicator of exposure to organophosphate flame retardants. Case study on a Norwegian mother-child cohort. Kucharska, A., Cequier, E., Thomsen, C., Becher, G., Covaci, A., & Voorspoels, S. Environment International, 83, リン酸エステル難燃剤 17 Reliability of perfluoroalkyl substances in plasma of 100 women in two consecutive pregnancies. Papadopoulou, E., Haug, L. S., Sabaredzovic, A., Eggesbo, M., & Longnecker, M. P. Environmental Research, 140, Environmental, dietary, maternal, and fetal predictors of bulky DNA adducts in cord blood: a European mother-child study (NewGeneris). Pedersen, M., Mendez, M. A., Schoket, B., Godschalk, R. W., Espinosa, A., Landstrom, A.,... Kogevinas, M. ( Environ Health Perspect, 123(4), 大気汚染 19 Causal pathways for asthma (CASPAR) - MoBa "a happy hunting ground". Nystad, W. Norsk Epidemiologi, (Årg. 24, nr. 1/2), 環境曝露 Maternal diet, prenatal exposure to dioxin-like compounds and Papadopoulou, E., Kogevinas, M., 20 birth outcomes in a European prospective mother-child study Botsivali, M., Pedersen, M., Besselink, Sci Total Environ, 484, ダイオキシン (NewGeneris). H., Mendez, M. A.,... Haugen, M. 21 Perfluoroalkyl Substances During Pregnancy and Validated Preeclampsia Among Nulliparous Women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Starling, A. P., Engel, S. M., Richardson, D. B., Baird, D. D., Haug, L. S., Stuebe, A. M.,... Longnecker, M. P. American journal of epidemiology, 179(7), In utero exposure to compounds with dioxin-like activity and birth outcomes. Vafeiadi, M., Agramunt, S., Pedersen, M., Besselink, H., Chatzi, L., Fthenou, E.,... Kogevinas, M. Epidemiology, 25(2), ダイオキシン 23 Prenatal mercury exposure and infant birth weight in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Vejrup, K., Brantster, A. L., Knutsen, H. K., Magnus, P., Alexander, J., Kvalem, H. E.,... Haugen, M. Public Health Nutrition, 17(9), 水銀 11
12 Brantsaeter, A. L., Whitworth, K. W., 24 Determinants of plasma concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in pregnant Norwegian women. Ydersbond, T. A., Haug, L. S., Haugen, M., Knutsen, H. K.,... Longnecker, M. Environment International, 54, P. 25 Dietary exposure to dioxins and PCBs in a large cohort of pregnant women: Results from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Caspersen, I. H., Knutsen, H. K., Brantsaeter, A. L., Haugen, M., Alexander, J., Meltzer, H. M., & Kvalem, H. E. Environment International, 59, ダイオキシン PCB Dietary benzo(a)pyrene intake during pregnancy and birth Duarte-Salles, T., Mendez, M. A., 26 weight: Associations modified by vitamin C intakes in the Meltzer, H. M., Alexander, J., & Haugen, Environment International, 60, ベンゾピレン Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). M. 27 Dietary Acrylamide Intake during Pregnancy and Fetal Growth-Results from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Duarte-Salles, T., von Stedingk, H., Granum, B., Gutzkow, K. B., Rydberg, P., Tornqvist, M.,... Haugen, M. Environmental Health Perspectives, 121(3), アクリルアミド 28 Pre-natal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances may be associated with altered vaccine antibody levels and immunerelated health outcomes in early childhood. Granum, B., Haug, L. S., Namork, E., Stolevik, S. B., Thomsen, C., Aaberge, I. S.,... Nygaard, U. C. Journal of Immunotoxicology, 10(4), The concentration of bisphenol A in urine is affected by specimen collection, a preservative, and handling. Longnecker, M. P., Harbak, K., Kissling, G. E., Hoppin, J. A., Eggesbo, M., Jusko, T. A.,... Koch, H. M. Environ Res, 126, ビスフェノール A 30 Ambient air pollution and low birthweight: a European cohort study (ESCAPE). Pedersen, M., Giorgis-Allemand, L., Bernard, C., Aguilera, I., Andersen, A. M., Ballester, F.,... Slama, R. Lancet Respir Med, 1(9), 大気汚染 12
13 31 Prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins from the maternal diet may be associated with immunosuppressive effects that persist into early childhood. Stolevik, S. B., Nygaard, U. C., Namork, E., Haugen, M., Meltzer, H. M., Alexander, J.,... Granum, B. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 51, ダイオキシン 32 Association between Perfluoroalkyl substances and thyroid stimulating hormone among pregnant women: a cross-sectional study. Wang, Y., Starling, A. P., Haug, L. S., Eggesbo, M., Becher, G., Thomsen, C.,... Longnecker, M. P. Environmental Health, Placental transfer of perfluorinated compounds is selective - A Norwegian Mother and Child sub-cohort study. Gutzkow, K. B., Haug, L. S., Thomsen, C., Sabaredzovic, A., Becher, G., & Brunborg, G. International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 215(2), Hochstenbach, K., van Leeuwen, D. M., 34 Toxicogenomic Profiles in Relation to Maternal Immunotoxic Exposure and Immune Functionality in Newborns. Gmuender, H., Gottschalk, R. W., Stolevik, S. B., Nygaard, U. C.,... van Toxicological Sciences, 129(2), 免疫毒性曝露 Loveren, H 35 Birth Weight, Head Circumference, and Prenatal Exposure to Acrylamide from Maternal Diet: The European Prospective Mother-Child Study (NewGeneris). Pedersen, M., von Stedingk, H., Botsivali, M., Agramunt, S., Alexander, J., Brunborg, G.,... NewGeneris, C. Environmental Health Perspectives, 120(12), アクリルアミド 36 Perfluorinated Compounds in Relation to Birth Weight in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Whitworth, K. W., Haug, L. S., Baird, D. D., Becher, G., Hoppin, J. A., Skjaerven, R.,... Longnecker, M. P. American journal of epidemiology, 175(12), Perfluorinated Compounds and Subfecundity in Pregnant Women. Whitworth, K. W., Haug, L. S., Baird, D. D., Becher, G., Hoppin, J. A., Skjaerven, R.,... Longnecker, M. P. Epidemiology, 23(2),
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