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1 No pp Mechanism of Water Quality Formation on Shio-idoWell at Kikukawa City, Shizuoka Prefecture, Central Japan Naomichi MIYAJI, Masaru YAMANAKA, Tsuyoshi HATAKEYAMA and Kiyoshi MATSUO Received November 30, 2005 Shio-ido well, at which brackish groundwater has been observed for more than one thousand years, is located at Kikukawa city on Shizuoka prefecture, Central Japan. In order to examine the provenance of the salinity in the groundwater, hydrogeological and pedorological surveys have been performed by using handy borehole machine, monitoring of water quality and the stable isotopic analysis. The brackish groundwater has following characteristics in water chemistry; 1) about 200 meq /L of Na + and Cl 2 contents, 2) same SO 4 /Cl ratio as and 3) quite lower Br /Cl ratio than the ratio of seawater. Based on Cl content calculations, it is estimated that 63 of the groundwater is originated from fresh groundwater under the tea gardens and 37 is from fossil seawater, which have been trapped in Miocene to Tertiary Kurami Group, modified by sulfate reduction process, and likely diffused upward via buried faults. Keywords: Brackish groundwater, Fossil water, Hydrogeology, Stable isotopic ratio m 2003 : L 8.772g Department of Geosystem Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University: Sakurajosui Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan Vinculum Japan Co. : 228 Doujimahama Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan Kanaya Tea Research Station, National Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, NARO : Kanaya 2769 Shimada, Shizuoka, Japan

2 m km, 8km m cm 1 m 1700 m m 2 1 B C

3 A B 2 A B , 11 A K 1 PC DIK 161C m cm EC YOKOGAWA SC 82pH YOKOGAWA PH 81 ECpH 0.2m C l LC10 Na + K + Mg 2 + Ca 2 + F C l Br NO 2 3 SO 4 ph4.3 HCO / Finnigan TC/EAFinnigan Delta plus XP TC/EA ABCDFGH J8 10cm 2mm 20g 1986pHEC 10g JIS No.5C

4 cm 40cm 3 30cm 40cm EF m m 2 mm 1 4 GH 1 2 cm 2 m 2.5 m 4 10cm

5 cm 7 5 Na + C l 200 meq/l K + Mg 2 + Ca 2 + HCO 2 3 SO 4 NO 3 1 Na + C l 2 SO 4 6 EC 16,000 20,000S/cm cm L11.599g g g meq/l NO 3 EC1,000S/cm ECNa + C l Na + R Na + 1 Na + mg/l0.234 ECS/cm DFGHJK EC Na

6 N SO 2-4 (meq/l) 2.5 Na +,Cl - (meq/l) 年 7 月 3 日 8 月 7 日 8 月 10 日 9 月 7 日 Na+ + Cl-- SO 年 4 月 2 日 Na + Cl SO EC S/cm Na + mg/l EC Na + Na + mg/l0.234ecs/cm Na + 2,000 mg/l 6 EC 2 m ADF m 1,500S/cm 10 mbchj 2 m G 500S/cm EC 8ab ph EC 910 EC Na C l 11 A 1 m EC 1,000S/cm Na C l EC 2 SO 4 NO 3 NH + 4 ph EC Na 2 7 ADF1.5 m

7 8 a 8 b 8 ECS/cm 15 8a 8b

8 9 ph ECS/cm15 Na mg/l y = 0.130x R 2 = EC μs/cm EC S/cm Na + mg/l 15 EC 1,500S/cm 1 EC 1,500 Na + 3,314 mg/kg 50 2 kg 1 kg1 kg1l 3,314 mgna + 1 L 3,314 mg/l 144 meq/l Na + Na meq/l 4 Na + C l A C NO 3 NH + 4 NO 3 NH + 4 NO 3 C l cm 2 Na + /C l Br /C l NaC l oil-field water

9 2pHEC110 Br /C l Herczeg and Edmunds, 2000 oilfield water m 12 km 35 m 2 2 SO 4 /C l 2 SO 4 2 Berner, CH 2 O + SO 4 H 2 S + 2HCO SO 4 /C l C l Appelo and Postma, 1993; Nakano et al., cmC l 7,080 mg/l 1 f sea 3 f sea C l sample C l fresh /C l sea C l fresh 3 C l sample, C l sea, C l fresh C l C l 9.3 mg/l 1 f sea

10 12 4 m m mix f sea 4 m mix f sea m sea +1 f sea m fresh 4 m sea, m fresh m Hem SO 4 2,700 mg/l 2 HCO 3 3 Na + Mg 2 + Na + Mg 2+ Na + Mg 2 + HCO 2 3 SO 4 HCO 3 2 SO 4 4 m mix mix 4 mix sea f sea m sea /m mix + fresh 1 f sea m fresh /m mix 5 sea, fresh m4 D0 18 O0 D O 3.2 fresh D O 5.1 dd D 8 18 O; Dansgaard1964 d8.5d O Mizota and Kusakabe,

11 3 Cl 1 mg 4 N10 E N10 E C l meq/l Na + C l Br /C l SO 4 2 /C l C l

12 Appelo, C. A. J., and Postma, D. (1993) Geochemistr y, Groundwater and Pollution. Balkema, Rotterdam, p.536. Berner R. A. (1980) Early Diagenesis. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, p.241. Dansgaard, W. (1964)Stable isotopes in precipitation. Tellus, 16, p p.354. Hem, J. D. (1985) Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water. 3rd ed. U.S. Geol. Survey Water Supply Paper. p Herczeg, A. L. Edmunds, W.M. (2000) Inorganic ions as tracers, in: P. Cook and A.L. Herczeg (Eds.), Environmental Tracers in Subsurface Hydrology, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, pp p.251 Mizota, C., Kusakabe, M. (1994) Spatial distribution of D- 18 O values of surface and shallow groundwaters from Japan, south Korea and east China. Geochem. J. 28, Nakano, T., Yokoo, Y., Yamanaka, M. (2001) Strontium isotope constraint on the provenance of basic cations in soil water and stream water in the Kawakami volcanic watershed, central Japan. Hydrol. Process. 15, pp pp p pp

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