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2 Rituals of Food Exchange in Rural Central Java Teruo SEKIMOTO This is a preliminary report of my field research conducted in 1975 at a rice-cultivating village near Surakarta City, Central Java. In this paper, an attempt is made to describe the three forms of ritual food exchange, and to analyze the components of these rituals such as each household acting as a host; visiting neighbours; friends and relatives; prayers; feasts and so on. The three forms of rituals are as follows; 1) bancakan At the ceremonies concerned with birth and growth of children, a special food with ritual meaning is given to the neighbours' children. 2) slamatan Whenever any household wishes to beg forgiveness and security from the God, souls of ancestors and other spirits, a small number of neighbours are invited to sit together to pray, and a set of foods with ritual meaning is divided and given to them. This ritual is held mostly on the occasions of rites of passage, ceremonies of housebuilding and on some major days in the calendar. 3) jagong Also on every occasion of traditional ceremonies, large feasts are held with a great number of neighbours, friends and relatives attending. Wives and daughters of the guests bring gifts of rice or other foods, and assist the host household in preparing the feast. The quantity of those gifts is determined by the rigid principle of equal exchange. These rituals, held almost everyday, relate each household with others on a reciprocal and egalitarian basis., This sort of ritual can be considered as an agency which formulates the relationship of any individual household with others, as well as with the God and several kinds of supernatural beings. Through an analysis of these rituals, two themes concerning

3 the structure of Javanese society should be made clearer; namely, what the dominant pattern of social relations among the villagers is, and how those social relations are ritualized. I. Introduction II. Outline of the village III. Bancakan IV. Slamatan V. Jagong VI. Conclusion

49 GEERTZ, Clifford, 1960b, The Religion of Java, The Free Press of Glencoe., 1968, Islam Observed: Religious Developement in Morocco and Indonesia, Yale University Press. GEERTZ, Hildred, 1961, "Indonesian Cultures and Communities", Indonesia, Ruth T. McVey, ed., HRAF Press. HORNE, Elinor Clark, 1974, Javanese-English Dictionary, Yale University Press. JAY, Robert R., 1963, Religion and Politics in Rural Central Java, Cultural Report Series No. 12, Southeast Asia Studies, Yale University., 1969, Javanese Villagers: Social Relations in Rural Modjokuto, The M.I.T. Press. KOENTJARANINGRAT, 1962, "Book Review: The Javanese Family, by Hildred Geertz, 1961", American Anthropologist, Vol , 1975, Masyarakat Desa di Selatan Jakarta, (Masyarakat Indonesia, Seri Monografi No. 1), Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. SARTONO Kartodirdjo, 1973, Protest Movements in Rural Java, Oxford University Press. ZOETMULDER, Piet, 1965, "Die Hochreligionen Indonesiens", Die Religionen Indonesiens, Walde. mar Stähr, Piet Zoetmulder, W. Kohlhammer Verlag.

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<82E682B15F8E5293632E696E6464> The Daoist Ritual Concerning Those Who Committed Suicide by Hanging Himself and Its Regional Differences in Taiwan: Focusing on a Comparison between Gaoxiong-Pingdong Region and Tainan Region YAMADA Akihiro