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6 Table 2. Head hair. * including shallow waves

7 Fig. 3. Quantity of hairs on the face. * Korean.

8 Table 3. Occiput. * The means were calculated by giving 1, 3 and 5 to the flat, middle and convex, respectively.

9 Table 4. Face form - Relation of the breadth and height of the face. * The means were calculated by giving 1, 2 and 3 to the short, middle and long, respectively. ** Morphologic facial index= 100 x (supraorbital-gnathion)/(zygion-zygion)

10 Table 5. Lateral view of the nose. * The means were calculated by giving 1, 3 and 5 to the concave, straight and convex & aquiline, respectively.

11 Table 6. Length of the nasal bridge (dorsum nasi). * The means were calculated by giving 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 to the very short, short, middle, long and very long, respectively.

12 Table 7. Thickness of the upper lip. * The means were calculated by giving 1, 3 and 5 to the thin, middle, thick, respectively.

13 Table 8. Thickness of the lower lip, * The means were calculated by giving 1, 3, 5 and 7 to the thin, middle, thick and swelled, respectively.

14 Table 9. Eye fold (sulcus palpebralis superior), * N=right+left ** The sulcus palpebralis superior untouching to the angulus oculi nasalis, and including no sulcus on upper eyelid.

15 Table 10. Mongolian fold. * N=right+left

16 Table 11. Darwin's tubercle. * N=right+left ** The means were calculated by giving 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 to the _,_??_,_??_??_and, _??_, respectively.

17 Table 12. Form of the ear lobule. * N=right+left ** only left ears *** The means were calculated by giving 1, 2 and 3 to the round, angular and running, respectively.

20 Fig. 4. Frequency of the no folds on upper eyelids and the folds untouching to the nasal angles. Fig. 5. Frequency of the Mongolian folds.

23 Table 13. Frequencies of the Mongolian folds by references.

26 Somatoscopical Studies on Ryukyu Islanders and Inhabitants of Southern Kyushu, Compared with Ainu and Koreans Kunio ABE Department of Anatomy, Juntendo University, School of Medicine The Ryukyu islanders (700 males and 675 females) and the inhabitants of southern Kyushu (220 males and 200 females) were surveyed during the years from 1972 to 1977 (Table 1). The results of the principal items of the observations were shown in 11 tables and 3 figures arranged from Hateruma of Okinawa Prefecture to Shiiba of Miyaaaki Prefecture, following to the geographical order from the south to the north. Furthermore, the results of studies made by the author and collegues on the Ainu and Koreans were added for comparing with those of the Ryukyu islanders. The classifications proposed by Martin/Saller were used for the head hair, nose, lips, and mouth, while the Tubaki's classifications were applied upon the density of the mustache and beard, face form, ear form, pattern of eyelid, and Mongolian fold (Figs. 1 and 2). In all the areas the majority of people were of the smooth hair, 60 to 80 percent in both males and females, and the majority of them had the fine hairs. The remaining people were of the wide waves including the shallow waves, 20 to 40 percent, and were rare of the narrow waves (Table 2). The density of the mustache and beard was expressed numerically in the bar chart and, compared with that of the inhabitants of other areas of Japan (Fig. 3). The thickness of the hair on the face of Ryukyu islanders resembled more or less to that of the inhabitants in Tohoku district of Japan. Very few people in surveyed areas possessed the convex-shaped occiput, while 10 to 40 percent of the subjects had the flat variety and the majority of them were of between these two types (Table 3). The face form was classified into three types: short, middle, and long. In the majority of the areas, the middle faces were most frequent, 45 to 85 percent. But in two areas, Kitanakagusuku and Yomitan of Okinawa, the short face were observed in high frequency, while in Hateruma, Yonaguni, Ikema, Tokunoshima and Amamioshima, the long faces were observed in relatively high frequency. Sex difference in the face form was found among the inhabitants in all areas; the short faces are more frequent in females than in males, and the long faces are more frequent in males than in females (Table 4). As for the lateral view of the nasal bridge, most of the subjects were either of the straight or of the concave type; the convex type were seldom except in the inhabitants of Amami and southern Kyushu districts. (of the other two types the straight type was more frequent than the concave type in all areas.) Sex difference in the shape of the nasal bridge was noted in all the inhabitants, concave type being more and convex type less frequent in females than

27 in males (Table 5). Regarding the length of the nasal bridge, in all areas, middle-length were most frequent, 50 to 85 percent, and the next were the long type in males while the short type in females except in few areas (Table 6). Concerning the thickness of the upper mucous lip, most of the subjects were either of the middle or the thin type; thick type were few (Table 7). For the lower mucous lip, most of the subjects were the middle type, the thick type being more and the thin type less frequent than the upper lip (Table 8). The eyefolds were classified according to Tubaki (1956) into five series, and each series into three steps. Series O is the type in which the inner canthus is free from the inner end of coverfold and no fold on the upper eyelid. In Ryukyu islanders, the frequency of the people with series O was higher than that of the other people in Japan except the Ainu in Hokkaido. Furthermore, the frequency of the series O varied according to their geographical location (cline) becoming higher from the north, Shiiba, to the south, Hateruma (Table 9 and Fig. 1). The frequency of the Mongolian fold in these areas was shown in Table 10 and Fig. 5. Darwin's tubercles were classified into five steps according to the development. The tubercle was observed in 50 to 80 percent of the subjects surveyed, although the development of the tubercle was generally weak (Table 11). The form of the ear lobes was classified into three types, round (free), running (adherent), and angular. In Ryukyu islanders, most of the subjects were either of the round or the angular type; running type being seldom while in the inhabitants of southern Kyushu, there was a tendency toward a higher frequency of running type (Table 12). Photographs of the head hair (I), mustache and beard (II), face form (III), lateral view of the nasal bridge (IV), ear form (V) and eye fold (VI) were shown in the appendix for reference.

Studies of Foot Form for Footwear Design (Part 9) : Characteristics of the Foot Form of Young and Elder Women Based on their Sizes of Ball Joint Girth

Studies of Foot Form for Footwear Design (Part 9) : Characteristics of the Foot Form of Young and Elder Women Based on their Sizes of Ball Joint Girth and Foot Breadth Akiko Yamamoto Fukuoka Women's University,