EFFECT OF MOVEMENT VARIATION ON LOWER LIMB MUSCLE ACTIVITY AND JOINT TORQUE DURING SQUAT YOSHIAKI MANABE, TOSHIHARU YOKOZAWA and MITSUGI OGATA Abstrac

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1 EFFECT OF MOVEMENT VARIATION ON LOWER LIMB MUSCLE ACTIVITY AND JOINT TORQUE DURING SQUAT YOSHIAKI MANABE, TOSHIHARU YOKOZAWA and MITSUGI OGATA Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare hip and knee joint extension torque and the activity of eight muscles around the hip and knee joints during three squat exercises with different movements. Ten male athletes performed three different squats (Normal squat : NS, Knee push squat : KPS, Hip drive squat : HDS). KPS is the type of squat which emphasizes knee joint movement without moving the hip joint position back and forth. On the other hand, HDS is the type of squat which emphasizes hip joint movement, while keeping the knee joint position fixed. Kinematic and kinetic variables such as angle, angular velocity, net torque and power of the joints of the lower extremity were calculated during the descending and ascending phase of each squat. At the same time, surface electrodes were placed on eight muscles of the lower extremity, and %iemg was also calculated during the same phases. During the descending phase, Elector spinae muscle activity and hip joint extension torque was significantly greater for HDS than KPS. Rectus femoris and Vastus lateralis muscle activity was significantly greater for KPS than HDS. In addition, KPS showed significantly greater knee joint extension torque than HDS and NS. At the ascending phase, Elector spinae, Glueus maximus and Biceps femoris muscle activity, and hip joint extension torque was significantly greater for HDS than KPS and NS. Rectus femoris muscle activity and knee joint extension torque was significantly greater for KPS than HDS and NS. These results suggest that HDS is effective for selectively training the hip extensor, and KPS is effective for training the Rectus femoris muscle. (Jpn. J. Phys. Fitness Sports Med. 2004, 53 : 321 `336) key word : squat, muscle activation, joint morment Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences Ami, Ami-Machi, Inashiki-Gun, Ibaraki, Japan Institute of health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Doctoral Program in Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki

3 Fig. 1. Schematic illustration and raw EMG waveform during squat with 3 different movements. Left, Normal squat (NS) ; center, Knee push squat (KPS) ; right, Hip drive squat (HDS).

5 Fig. 2. Link- segment model for the calculation of joint torques and definition of hip, knee and ankle joint and lower torso segment angle.

6 326 真鍋,横 Fig. Table 1 Mean time, 3. Forces, barbell squat with 3 different squat. IIDS means torques, height, movements. hip drive shank 澤,尾 and works segment NS means 縣 applied angle normal to a segment. and lower squat, torso KPS segment means angle knee of push squat. *: Increased compared with NS and HDS +: Decreased **: Increased compared compared with NS and KPS with NS and KPS ++: Decreased compared with NS and HDS P<0.05

7 Fig. 4. Pola curves of each center of joint and barbell during squat with 3 different movements. Left, Normal squat (NS) ; center, Knee push squat (KPS) ; right, Hip drive squat (HDS).The origin is the center of force platform. *:Larger than NS and KPS. #:Larger than KPṢ **:Larger than NS and HDS. ##:larger than NS. ++:Smaller than NS. P<0.05 Fig. 5. Joint angle curves during squat with 3 different movements (NS ; Normal squat, KPS ; Knee push squat, HDS ; Hip drive squat). Left, descending phase ; right, ascending phase. Abscissa expressed as working cycle ratio.

8 *:Increased compared with NS and HDṢ #:Increased compared with NS. +:Increased compared with HDS. **:Increased compared with NS and KPṢ ##:Increased compared with NS. ++:Increased compared with KPS. P<0.05 Fig. 6. Muscle tendon complex length curves during squat with 3 different movements (NS ; Normal squat, KPS ; Knee push squat, HDS ; Hip drive squat). Left, descending phase ; right, ascending phase. Abscissa expressed as working cycle ratio. Ordinate expressed as normalized muscle length (1.00=thigh segment length).

9 Fig. 7. Mean muscle activities ( }1SD) during squat with 3 different movements (NS ; Normal squat, KPS ; Knee push squat, HDS ; Hip drive squat). ES : Erector spinae, Gmx : Gluteus maximus, Gmd : Gluteus medius, RF : rectus lemons, BF : Biceps lemons, AL : Adductor longus, VL : Vastus lateralis, Gas : Gastrocnemius. Top, descending phase ; below, ascending phase.

10 Fig. 8. Mean joint extension torques ( }1SD) during squat with 3 different movements (NS ; Normal squat, KPS ; Knee push squat, HDS ; Hip drive squat). Top, descending phase ; below, ascending phase.

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A GENU VARUM EFFECTS ON EACH LOWER EXTREMITY MUSCLE ACTIVITY DURING LEGPRESS EXERCISE AKITOSHI SOGABE, NAOKI MUKAI, HITOsIII SIIINIoJ0, HITOsHI SHIRAK

A GENU VARUM EFFECTS ON EACH LOWER EXTREMITY MUSCLE ACTIVITY DURING LEGPRESS EXERCISE AKITOSHI SOGABE, NAOKI MUKAI, HITOsIII SIIINIoJ0, HITOsHI SHIRAKI, SYUNPEI MIYAKAWA, NOBORU MESAKI and YUTAKA MIYANAGA