日本臨床麻酔学会 vol.32

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1 350 Vol.32 No.3/May 2012 講座日臨麻会誌 Vol.32 No.3, , 2012 レミフェンタニルは必要である レミフェンタニルが変えた麻酔管理の概念 *1, 2 中山禎人 [ 要旨 ] レミフェンタニルの登場により, 麻酔管理に対するわれわれ麻酔科医の考え方が大きく変化し, 鎮痛を十分に図った麻酔管理が容易に行えるようになった. 特に筋弛緩薬を使用しない全身麻酔管理や気管挿管,awake craniotomy や気管 気管支ステント留置術などの麻酔管理には, 本薬剤は最適と考えられ, また術中ストレスホルモン分泌の抑制や尿量の確保, 高血糖の予防目的でも有用性は注目されつつある. その一方, 本薬剤は効果発現までが約 1 分と著明に短時間であるため, ロクロニウムを用いた気管挿管など, 麻酔導入においても非常に有用である. 麻酔科医にとって, レミフェンタニルの特性を熟知して使いこなすことは, よりよい周術期管理にとって, もはや必須と考える. キーワード : レミフェンタニル, ロクロニウム, 術中ストレスホルモン, 全身麻酔, 麻酔導入 はじめに 5 Ⅰ レミフェンタニルの特性 /800 1/2, context-sensitive half-timecsht

2 図 1 レミフェンタニルならびに他のオピオイドが血中 ( あるいは血漿 ) から 50% 消失するまでかかる時間 ( 半減期 ) とその投与時間 ( 量 ) 依存性 (context-sensitive half-time) 2 CSHT 図 1 multicompartment model 4 1, 表 , 9 図 1 1 図 2 10 ph t1/2ke0 1.3 single compartment model 1, 10 MAC /

3 352 Vol.32 No.3/May 2012 表 1 レミフェンタニルと他のオピオイドの薬物動態レミフェンタニル フェンタニル スフェンタニル アルフェンタニル 半減期 (min) 4 ~ 8 10 ~ ~ 20 4 ~ 16 クリアランス (ml min - 1 kg - 1 ) 40 ~ ~ ~ 15 4 ~ 10 分布容積 (L/kg) 0.2 ~ ~ ~ ~ 1.0 1, 6 図 2 レミフェンタニルとフェンタニルを単回静脈内投与したときの効果部位濃度の推移 ( シミュレーション ) Ⅱ レミフェンタニル麻酔の有用性 : 術中麻酔管理 1. 重症筋無力症の麻酔管理 Ng 12 VATS 2mg/kg 2g/kg 10mg/kg/h 0.5g/kg/min mg/kg/h g/kg/min

4 気管 気管支ステント留置術の麻酔管理 g/kg/min 150mg 0.1g/kg/min 3mg/kg/h 3. awake craniotomy の麻酔管理 awake craniotomy 15 awake craniotomy g/ kg/min 115g/kg/min 9 SaO PaCO mmHg 術中ストレスホルモン分泌抑制 尿量維持 ( 心臓手術 ) 12 24g/kg 3 17

5 354 Vol.32 No.3/May /29 5. その他 Ⅲ レミフェンタニル麻酔の有用性 : 麻酔導入時 1. ロクロニウムを用いた気管挿管時 図 2 ASA III 37 R F 1.5mg/kg 1g/kg 0.6mg/kg 90 F 1 R 図 3AB 3rd World Congress of Total Intravenous Anaesthesia and Target Controlled Infusion, 2011, Singapore 2. 筋弛緩薬を用いない気管挿管 12 18, g/kg 2mg/ kg

6 A B 図 3 両群における気管挿管前後の血圧 (A) および心拍数 (B) の比較 F 1 R 2mg/kg 3g/kg Ⅳ レミフェンタニル麻酔のピットフォール

7 356 Vol.32 No.3/May mL mL/h Th6 7 short offset - withdrawal syndrome g 0.4g/kg/h NSAIDs 30mg まとめ onsetoffset

8 参考文献 1) Egan TD, Lemmens HJM, Fiset P, et al.:the pharmacokinetics of the new short-acting opioid remifentanil(gi87084b)in healthy adult male volunteers. Anesthesiology 79: , ) Cunningham FE, Hoke JF, Muir KT, et al.:pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic evaluation of remifentanil, GR90291, and alfentanil. Anesthesiology 83:A376, ) Hoffman WE, Cunningham F, James MK, et al.:effects of remifentanil, a new short-acting opioid, on cerebral blood flow, brain electrical activity, and intracranial pressure in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane and nitrous oxide. Anesthesiology 79: , ) Ausems ME, Hug CC Jr, Stanski DR, et al.:plasma concentrations of alfentanil required to supplement nitrous oxide anesthesia for general surgery. Anesthesiology 65: , ) Hughes MA, Glass PSA, Jacobs JR:Context-sensitive half-time in multicompartment pharmacokinetic models for intravenous anesthetic drugs. Anesthesiology 76: , ) Shafer SL, Varvel JR:Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and rational opioid selection. Anesthesiology 74:53-63, ) Selinger K, Nation RL, Smith GA:Enzymatic and chemical hydrolysis of remifentanil. Anesthesiology 83:A385, ) Dershwitz M, Hoke JF, Rosow CE, et al.:pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of remifentanil in volunteer subjects with severe liver disease. Anesthesiology 84: , ) Hoke JF, Shlugman D, Dershwitz M, et al.:pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of remifentanil in persons with renal failure compared with healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology 87: , )Egan TD:The clinical pharmacology of remifentanil: a brief review. J Anesth 12: , )Lang E, Kapila A, Shlugman D, et al.:reduction of isoflurane minimal alveolar concentration by remifentanil. Anesthesiology 85: , )Ng JM:Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil for video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis. Anesth Analg 103: , ) 森田さおり, 赤坂徳子, 坂本三樹ほか : レミフェンタニルによる気管 気管支ステント留置術の麻酔管理. 麻酔 59: , ) 恒遠剛示, 奥谷龍, 越道朋子 : レミフェンタニルによる自発呼吸下ステント留置術の麻酔経験. 麻酔 58: , )Manninen PH, Balki M, Lukitto K, et al.:patient satisfaction with awake craniotomy for tumor surgery:a comparison of remifentanil and fentanyl in conjunction with propofol. Anesth Analg 102: , )Keifer JC, Dentchev D, Little K, et al.:a retrospective analysis of a remifentanil/propofol general anesthetic for craniotomy before awake functional brain mapping. Anesth Analg 101: , )Myles PS, Hunt JO, Fletcher H, et al.:remifentanil, fentanyl, and cardiac surgery:a double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial of costs and outcomes. Anesth Analg 95: , )Stevens JB, Wheatley L:Tracheal intubation in ambulatory surgery patients:using remifentanil and propofol without muscle relaxants. Anesth Analg 86: 45-49, )Bouvet L, Stoian A, Rimmelé T, et al.:optimal remifentanil dosage for providing excellent intubating conditions when co-administered with a single standard dose of propofol. Anaesthesia 64: , )Rai MR, Parry TM, Dombrovskis A, et al.:remifentanil target-controlled infusion vs propofol target-controlled infusion for conscious sedation for awake fibreoptic intubation:a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Br J Anaesth 100: , 2008

9 358 Vol.32 No.3/May 2012 Remifentanil Renovated the Concept of Anesthetic Management:A Review Yoshito NAKAYAMA *1, 2 *1 Department of Anesthesia, Sapporo Minamisanjo Hospital *2 Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo Medical University The unique pharmacology of remifentanil, in particular its profound analgesic effect, has more recently attracted clinicians to using it, and this has led to widespread use of remifentanil as an adjunct to general anesthesia in a variety of clinical settings. Remifentanil has been thought of as one of the most suitable drugs for anesthetic management of certain procedures, such as those for myasthenia gravis, awake craniotomies and tracheobronchial stent insertion. Moreover, it offers advantages such as attenuation of the stress response or of surgical diabetes. It also plays an important role in the induction of anesthesia. Remifentanil appears to be a drug suitable to attenuate cardiovascular responses for endotracheal intubation with rocuronium. Furthermore, adequate doses of remifentanil enable tracheal intubation without neuromuscular relaxants. From this evidence, it is concluded that remifentanil is now an essential drug for anesthetic management. Key Words : Remifentanil, Rocuronium, Intraoperative stress hormone, General anesthesia, Induction of anesthesia The Journal of Japan Society for Clinical Anesthesia Vol.32 No.3, 2012

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