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2 Low Temperature and Materials Sciences (Kyoto University) Table of Contents Number 4, July 2004 Featuring Article Demonstration of Superfluid Helium Akira Matsubara---03 Newly Installed Helium Liquefier and Supplying System Akihiro Otsuka---07 Research Reports Magnetism of Nuclear Ordered Solid 3 He Yutaka Sasaki---10 Pesudogap State in the High Temperature Superconductors Investigated by High-Field Interlayer Transport Takasada Shibauchi---18 Dynamics of protein-protein interaction detected by the time-resolved thermodynamical measurement based on a laser spectroscopy Keiichi Inoue, Masahide Terazima---25 Technical Note Tuning and Improvement of Helium Liquefier Toshiyuki Kusuda---32 Salon True Meaning of Serendipity Kimihiko Hara---37 Steady Supply of Cryogens Hirotsugu Nishishita---40 My Research in LTM Center using Cryo-Electron Microscope Kaoru Mitsuoka D Periodic Table of the Elements Yoshiteru Maeno---49 LTM Center Seminars From Organizing Committee Liquid-Nitrogen Supply System on Katsura Campus Amounts of Cryogen ConsumptionsYoshida Campus and Uji Campus Member of the CommitteesSteering Committee, Organizing Committee, Ltm Committees Call for Manuscripts Editors Note

3 4 Demonstration of Superfluid Helium-4 A.Matsubara Research Center for Low Temperature and Material Sciences, Kyoto University A.A. Abrikosov V. V. Ginzburg A. J. Leggett web page [MPa] [K] 3

4 K ρ s /ρ 2.5 MPa K 0.2 ρ n /ρ T λ 2.5 T[K]

5 Al 2 O

6 2.17 K 660 / K mm 1 mm web page 6

7 Newly Installed Helium Liquefier and Supplying System Akihiro Otsuka Research Center for Low Temperature and Materials Sciences, Kyoto University KOBELCO HL-150P 10 L/y 4 2 HL-150P 10 KOBELCO 1 TCF % 250 L/h 0.02 MPa G 300 L/h 3.5 m 7

8 2 1 TCF L 2 HE-2520LSC 1 MPa G 0.1 vol ppmch kw/h Wessington Cryogenics Limited CH L 2 3,, 2 60 m m m

9 7.0 mm 12.0 mm L 2 1 LAN KOBELCO 3000 L mm 12 m Nm 3 /h L BOC 25 KOBELCO L L 2 RI 144 m 2 1 L LAN 9

10 Magnetism of Nuclear Ordered Solid 3 He 1,2 1 2 Y. Sasaki 1,2 1 Research Center for Low Temperature and Materials Sciences, Kyoto University 2 Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University [1] 2003 [2] 10

11 0.3K bcc hcp [3] 30 11

12 mk mk [4] U2D2 bcc (100)(100) Up-Up-Down-Down 0.4T 60 U2D2 12

13 [5] 1980 U2D2 NMR Ω 0 γ H 0 (100) (010) (001) Up-Up-Down-Down Up Down NMR k=0 α() 0 [6,7] α() 0 β ±k ( ) ω α() 0 2ω β 0 < () 13

14 [6] Suhl [8,9] NMR U2D2 cwnmr [6] 10 MRI [10,11] MRI NMR (FID) MRI FID U2D2 Top Front Side (110) (110) U2D2 [12] 14

15 (HFP) U2D2 U2D2 U2D2 U2D2 U2D2 MRI A, B, C U2D2 U2D2 NMR [13] 11 T 4 15

16 bcc [13] U2D2 18 Gov [14] U2D2 bcc 1s p U2D2 [15] hcp 16

17 MRI [1] [2] [3] M. Roger et al., Rev. Mod. Physics 55,1(1983). [4] D.M. Ceperley and G. Jacucci, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 1648(1987). [5] D.D. Osheroff et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 792(1980). [6] Y. Sasaki et al., Phys. Rev. B43, 7362(1991). [7] T. Ohmi and M. Tsubota, J. Low Temp. Phys. 83, 177(1991). [8] T. Matsushita et al., J. Low Temp. Physics. 105, 67(1996). [9] I. Fomin and T. Ohmi, Phys. Lett. A180, 141(1993). [10] Y. Sasaki et al., J. Low Temp. Phys. 113, 921(1998). [11] T. Ueno et al., J. Low Temp. Phys. 127, 1(2002). [12] M. Tsubota et al., Prog. Theor. Phys. 76, 1222(1986). [13] M. Yamaguchi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, (2003). [14] N. Gov and E. Polturak, J. Low Temp. Phys. 128, 55(2002). [15] T. Markovich et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, (2002). 17

18 Pesudogap State in the High Temperature Superconductors Investigated by High-Field Interlayer Transport Takasada Shibauchi Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University 1 1 T c (Pseudogap) [1] 1. - T* (AFM) T* (SC) T c T*(PG) (QCP) Bi CuO 2 c 18

19 [2] CuO 2 CuO 2 [3-5] ρ c (NHMFL) 33 T 60 T Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+y y T c 2. (a) Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+y ρ c (b) ρ c 19

20 2 (a)(t c = 78 K)ρ c 31.2 T [6]ρ c 170 K (i) T* ρ c (ii) ρ c [7] T* ρ ab T* 1 d ρ ab [6,7]ρ c ρ c ρ c 2(b) ρ c H pg 60 T ρ c 2 (b) 3. ρ c T [8] 3 T c = 60 K 20

21 10 T (i)(ii) H pg Cu 4 60 T T c ρ c (H) H sc 1 [9]H pg T c H sc 2 T* H pg T* gµ B H pg k B T* g g (~2)µ B k B [1] 4. H pg ()ρ c (H) H sc ()T c () T*( ) H pg T* 21

22 c [10]2 CuO 2 ab ρ c 2 5 ρ c H pg T c H pg 6 H//c H//ab H//c 70 T H//ab 100 T 1.35 H pg 3 g g 1.3 [7] H pg ρ c (a) H//c (b) H//ab H//c H//ab 22

23 6. H//c() H//ab() H pg T* Bi c c H pg T* 1 [11,12] p=0.19 [11] Bi 4 p=0.22 [12] c [13] 23

24 L. Krusin-Elbaum (IBM)N. MorozovL. N. BulaevskiiM. P. Maley (LANL)C. H. MielkeB. BrandtF. F. BalakirevJ. Betts (NHMFL)M. LiP. H. Kes (Leiden)G. Blatter (ETH)()() [1] T. Timusk and B. Statt, ep. Prog. Phys. 62, 61 (1999). [2] 0R. Kleiner and P. Müller, Phys. Rev. B 49, 1327 (1994). [3] 0M. Suzuki and T. Watanabe, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 4787 (2000). [4] 0K. Anagawa, Y. Yamada, T. Shibauchi, M. Suzuki, and T. Watanabe, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 2381 (2003). [5] 0Y. Yamada, K. Anagawa, T. Shibauchi, T. Fujii, T. WatanabeA. Matsudaand M. Suzuki, Phys. Rev. B 68, [9] (2003). [6] 0T. Shibauchi, L. Krusin-Elbaum, M. LiM. P. Maley, and P. H. Kes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5763 (2001). [7] 0T. Watanabe, T. Fujii, and A. Matsuda, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5848 (2000). [8] 0T. Shibauchi, L. Krusin-Elbaum, G. Blatter, and C. H. Mielke, Phys. Rev. B 67, (2003). [9] N. Morozov, L. Krusin-Elbaum, T. Shibauchi, L. N. Bulaevskii, M. P. Maley, Yu. I. Latyshev, and [9] T. Yamashita, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 1784 (1999). [10] L. Krusin-Elbaum, T. Shibauchi, and C. H. Mielke, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, (2004). [11] J. L. Tallon and J. W. Loram, Physica C 349, 53 (2001). [12] J. Hwang, T. Timuskand G. D. GuNature (2004). [13] T. KawakamiT. ShibauchiY. TeraoM. Suzukiand L. Krusin-Elbaumpreprint (2004). 24

25 Dynamics of protein-protein interaction detected by the time-resolved thermodynamical measurement based on a laser spectroscopy Keiichi Inoue, Masahide Terazima Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University retinal II retinal 25

26 Halobacterium salinarum II SRII 10 --helix 11, 12 SRII - 13 SRII HtrII HtrII SRII HtrII Natronobacterium pharaonis SRII HtrIIpSRIIpHtrII 14 psrii-phtrii TG TG 26

27 TG 1-8 TG TG H psrii phtrii psrii psrii phtrii phtrii psrii-phtrii psrii 498 nm 465 nm (a) psrii, (b)psrii- phtrii 27

28 543.5 nm 13 6 psrii 15 K LM 4 TG nm IR TG TG 7 (3.2.3 ) II psrii - KL Asp75 M Asp75 O M'M'' (a) psrii, (b)psrii- phtrii(a) 28

29 TG psrii 25kDa 10 psrii phtrii phtrii (3.2.2 ) LMM OO phtrii (3.2.3 )(3.2.4 ) TG psrii psrii- phtrii (a)(b) (a) KL LM MM M M M O TG psrii 680ns 15µs 410µs 12ms 130ms psrii-phtrii 610ns 26µs 390µs 12ms 100ms psrii 720ns 18µs 370µs 8.5ms 130ms psrii-phtrii 710ns 20µs 350µs 7.1ms 92ms (b) KL LM MM M M M O TG psrii psrii-phtrii psrii psrii-phtrii TG q D k re k diff k diff = k re +Dq TG q D psrii 3.4x10-11 m 2 /s psrii- phtrii 1.8x10-11 m 2 /s Stokes-Einstein D psrii-phtrii psrii psriipsrii-phtrii 25kDa43kDa D 29

30 psrii-phtrii 2 D X 12 psrii phtrii 2:2 psrii-phtrii 2 TG LM TG psrii psrii-phtrii q q TG LM psrii psrii-phtrii LMpSRIIpSRII-pHtrII L L M H L phtrii 90 kj/mol LM psrii() psrii-dphtrii() psrii psrii-phtrii M OO M O psrii psrii-phtrii O OpHtrII 12 cm 3 /mol psrii phtrii psrii -helix phtrii -helix F-helix 30

31 16 phtrii helix M O phtrii F-helix phtrii helix TG TG 1. 0M.Sakakura, S.Yamaguchi, N.Hirota, M.Terazima,J.Am.Chem.Soc., 123, (2001). 2. 0Y. Nishioku, M. Nakagawa, M. Tsuda, M.Terazima, Biophy.J.,80, (2001) M.Sakakura, I.Morishima, M.Terazima, J.Phys.Chem.B,105, (2001) K.Takeshita, Y.Imamoto, M.Kataoka, F.Tokunaga, M.Terazima, Biochemistry, 41, (2002) M.Sakakura, I.Morishima, M.Terazima, Biochemistry,41, (2002). 6. 0Y. Nishioku, M. Nakagawa, M. Tsuda, M.Terazima, Biophy.J.83, (2002). 7. 0K.Takeshita, Y.Imamoto, M.Kataoka, K. Mihara, F.Tokunaga, M.Terazima, Biophys.J., 83, (2002). 8. 0T.Nada, M.Terazima, Biophys.J., 85, (2003). 9. 0J. J. Falke, G. L. Hazelbauer, TRENDS in Biochem, Sci., 26, (2001). 10. W. Zhang, A. Brooun, M. M. Mueller, M. Alam, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 93, (1996). 11. H. Luecke, B. Schobert, J. K. Lanyi, E. N. Spudich, J. L. Spudich, Science, 293, (2001). A. Royant, P. Nollert, K. Edman, R. Neutze, E. M. Landau, E. Pebay-Peyroula, J. Navarro, Pro.Natl.Acad. 0Sci.USA, 98, (2001). 12. V. I. Gordelly, J. Labahn, R. Moukhametzianov, R. Efremov, J. Granzin, R. Schlesinger, G. Büldt, T. Savopol, 12. A. J. Scheldlg, J. P. Klare, M. Engelhard, Nature, 419, (2002). 13. I. Chizhov, G. Schmies, R. Seidel, J. R. Sydor, B. Lüttenberg, M. Engelhard, Biophys. J., 75, (1998). 14. K. H. Jung, E. N. Spudich, V. D. Trivedi, J. L. Spudich, J. Bacteriol., 183, (2001). 15. I. Chizhov, D. S. Chernavskii., M. Engelhard, K. H. Mueller, B. V. Zubov, B. Hess, Biophys. J.., 71, (1996). 16. A. A. Wegener, J. P. Klare, M. Engelhard, H. J. Steinhoff, EMBO J., 20, (2001). 31

32 Tuning and Improvement of Helium Liqu efier T. Kusuda Institut e for Chemical Research, K yoto University 1. (Fig. 1)40 liter/hr 60 liter/hr Linde TCF liter/hr GUARENTEE: 65 liter/hr Level Rise 74.7 liter/hr 2000 liter (Fig. 2) 2000 liter 32

33 Fig. 395 Fig K2000 liter Fig MPa 60 liter/hr 95% 95%90%50 liter/hr

34 Fig. 888 K 61 liter/hr 85 K67 liter/hr 83 K81 K 85 K T1 Fig rps70 liter/hr T2 Fig rps 4300 rps70 liter/hr4500 rps60 liter/hr 3200 rps3200 rps 70 liter/hr 34

35 Fig Mpa (abs) 0.93 Mpa (abs) ( Fig. 12) Fig % Fig Mpa (abs)70 liter/hr0.96 Mpa (abs)75 liter/hr 0.96 Mpa (abs) 1 Mpa (abs) 75 liter/hr 0.93 Mpa (abs) 70 liter/hr 73 liter/hr 35

36 75 liter/hr 80 liter/hr80 liter/hr Mpa (abs) 6065 liter/hr

37 True Meaning of Serendipity Kimihiko Hara Research Center for Low Temperature and Materials Sciences, Kyoto University (Serendipity) [1,2] Horace Walpole The Three Princes of Serendip Serendip 1557 [3]1964 [4] 1965 T. G. Remer Serendipity and the Three Princes [5] Walpole accidental sgacity serendipity 37

38 R. M. Roberts [1] Serendipity Roberts [6] [1] R. M. Roberts, Serendipity ; Additional Discoveries in Science, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., (1989) ( 1993) [2] G [3] Peregrinaggio di tre figlioli del re di Serendippo (1557) [4] E. J. Hodges, The Three Princes of Serendip, Atheneum, New York (1964). [5] T. G. Remer, Serendipity and the Three Princes, University of Oklahoma Press (1965). [6]

39 The Three Princes of Serendip (1964) 39

40 Steady Supply of Cryogens Hirotsugu Nishishita Research Center for Low Temperature and Materials Sciences, Kyoto University JOY 15,

41 1 JOY LN-25 [1] UL-80H [1] 41

42 ADL 3 ADL 3 ADL 100 [1] 45 42

43 51 4 BOC BOC BOC BROOM WADE O BOC 43

44 5 HL-150P LINDE TCF LINDE TCF

45 7 [1] (1965). 7 45

46 LTM My Research in LTM Center using Cryo-Electron Microscopes K. Mitsuoka Research Center for Low Temperature and Materials Sciecnces, Kyoto University 14 Peter Agre LTM 46

47 CCD 3Å [1] 3.5Å Johns Hopkins Peter Agre Basel Andreas Engel Thomas Walz Harvard 3.8Å [2] Peter Agre kV 200kV LTM LTM 47

48 LTM LTM [1] Y. Kimura, D. G. Vassylyev, A. Miyazawa, A. Kidera, M. Matsushima, K. Mitsuoka, K. Murata, T. Hirai, and Y. Fujiyoshi, Nature 389, (1997). [2] K. Murata, K. Mitsuoka, T. Hirai, T. Walz, P. Agre, J. B. Heymann, A. Engel, and Y. Fujiyoshi, Nature 407, (2000). 48

49 Web 49

50 Dr. F. Caupin Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, France Search for homogeneous crystallization of superfluid helium 4 When one tries to quench a bulk sample of superfluid helium above its freezing pressure Pf, he can only reach overpressures of a few millibars, because of heterogeneous nucleation on the container walls. Recently, we have successfully reached 4.3 bar above Pf by focusing an acoustic wave on a small spot (150 microns) on a clean glass plate, but heterogeneous nucleation prevented the observation of larger overpressures. After removing the glass plate, we were able to reach 160 bar without detecting any crystal, which is inconsistent with classical nucleation theory. We propose alternative theoretical pictures to explain this discrepancy Pr. Martti M. Salomaa Materials Physics Laboratory, POB 2200 Technical Physics Helsinki University of Technology, FIN HUT, Finland Imaging the Quantum Interference of Cuprate Qnasiqarticles Quantum-circuit optimization is essential for any practical realization of quantum computation, in order to beat decoherence. We discuss a scheme for implementing the final stage in the compilation of quantum circuits, i.e., for finding the actual physical realizations of the individual modules in the quantum-gate library, without invoking elementary gates. We find that numerical optimization can be efficiently utilized to generate the appropriate control-parameter sequences. The scenario is readily extended to other physical realizations, such as holonomic quantum computing [1], but here we concentrate on the Josephson charge-qubit model and discuss how to produce the desired three-qubit modules [2]. Our work suggests ways in which one can in fact considerably reduce the number of gates required to implement a given quantum circuit [3], hence diminishing idle time and significantly accelerating the execution of quantum algorithms. [1] A. O. Niskanen, M. Nakahara, and M. M. Salomaa, "Realization of arbitrary gates in holonomic quantum computation", Physical Review A67, (2003). [2] A.O.Niskanen, J.J. Vartiainen, and M. M. Salomaa,} "Optimal multiqubit operations for Josephson charge 50

51 qubits", Physical Review Letters 90, (2003). [3] J. J. Vartiainen, A. O. Niskanen, M. Nakahara, and M. M. Salomaa, "Implementing Shor's algorithm on Josephson charge qubits", Physical Review A (in print), LANL preprint: quant-ph/ v3 (2 March 2004); HOPG 50 mk 6 T HOPG 40 HOPG 0.5 K9 T Recent theoretical development of unconventional superconductor junctions In unconventional superconductor junctions, reflecting the internal phase of the pair potential, charge transport becomes essentially phase sensitive. The most dramatic effect is the manifestation of the zero bias conductance peak (ZBCP) [1,2] in tunneling spectroscopy due to the formation of the mid gap Andreev resonant state (MARS). The ZBCP due to MARS is a very universal phenomenon which is expected for any unconventional superconductor which has sign change on the Fermi surface. Although it was revealed that the MARS influences significantly on various charge transport phenomena, preexisting theories are limited in the ballistic transport 51

52 regime. Recently, we have developed a new theory which is available for diffusive normal metal (DN) / unconventional superconductor junctions[3]. Applying this theory for triplet superconductor junctions, we have revealed very unusual charge transport properties[4]. Contrary to the unconventional singlet superconductor junction case, the MARS is shown to enhance the proximity effect in the DN. The total resistance of the junction is drastically reduced and is completely independent of the resistance of the DN in the extreme case. Such anomalous transport accompanies a giant zero-bias peak in the conductance spectra and a zero-energy peak of the local density of states in the DN region. These striking features manifest the presence of novel proximity effect peculiar to triplet superconductor junctions. [1] Y. Tanaka and S. Kashiwaya, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3451 (1995). [2] S. Kashiwaya and Y. Tanaka, Rep. Prog. Phys. 63, 1641 (2000). [3] Y. Tanaka et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, (2003); Phys. Rev. B 69 (2004). [4] Y. Tanaka and S. Kashiwaya, cond-mat ; Phys. Rev. B 70 (2004). [4] Collaborators : S. Kashiwaya (NAIST) Y.V. Nazarov (Delft), A. Golubov (Twente) Prof. Makariy TANATAR Visiting Professor, ISSP, Tokyo University, Post Doctoral Research Associate, University of Toronto, Canada Thermal and electrical conductivity of CeCoIn 5 : quantum critical phenomena and unconventional superconductivity CeCoIn5 is the highest Tc heavy fermion superconductor, in which superconductivity is believed to be mediated by antiferromagnetic fluctuations in a proximity to a quantum critical point. In this talk I will report recent studies of quantum critical phenomena and superconductivity with measurements of electrical and heat transport as a function of direction of heat/charge flow, magnetic field and doping. The observed divergence of the T2 coefficient of the resistivity with magnetic field reveals a new quantum critical point (QCP) [1]. Comparison of heat and charge transport in the vicinity of the QCP allows us to shed light on the momentum dependence of the critical inelastic scattering at finite temperatures and reveal novel features of the superconducting state. [1] J. Paglione et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, (2003). 52

53 Liquid Nitrogen Supplying System on Yoshida Campus Akihiro Otsuka and Hirotsugu Nishishita Research Center for Low Temperature and Materials Sciences, Kyoto University 2003 ( 15) 3 1) ON 2) 3) 1/4 4) 5) 6) 0.8 kg/l OFF ) ) 50 cm 53

54 2 1 3) LED 4) 2 5) ) 1) 3 1 2) 3) 54

55 150 55

56 56

57 57

58 mizusaki@scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp sawada@scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp yamochi@kuchem.kyoto-u.ac.jp mibu@scl.kyoto-u.ac.jp saito@kuchem.kyoto-u.ac.jp miki@kuchem.kyoto-u.ac.jp yoshi@em.biophys.kyoto-u.ac.jp serikawa@anim.med.kyoto-u.ac.jp handatsr@pharm.kyoto-u.ac.jp osamura@hightc.kyoto-u.ac.jp ohigashi@kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp d54355@sakura.kudpc.kyoto-u.ac.jp ono@scl.kyoto-u.ac.jp jimuch@mail.adm.kyoto-u.ac.jp 58

59 TEL

60 TEL

61 LTM Call for Manuscripts for "Low Temperature and Materials Sciences (Kyoto University)" 1,2, T. Mizusaki 1,2 and Editorial Committee 2 1 Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 2 Research Center for Materials Sciences, Kyoto University LTM Low Temperature and Materials Sciences (Kyoto University) 2 MS-Word A4 25 mm MS Times New Roman MS 14 point 12 point 10.5 point 10 point Ref. [1,2] [1], 1, xxx (2003). [2] K. Mibu, Low Temperature and Materials Sciences (Kyoto University) 1, xxx (2003)., , TEL&FAX: , shibata@rigaku.kyoto-u.ac.jp 61

62 LTM LTM KK Low Temperature Materials Sciences (Kyoto University) Volume 4, July TEL&FAX:

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