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1 A

2 Runge-Kutta XY/XZ / /

3 [1] 1.2 xyz 3 2 x-y x-z

4 M m m d2 r dt 2 = GMm r 2 (2.1) G r(t) (t ) m (2.1) N 1 N M 1 d 2 r dt 2 = GM 1M 2 r 2 G M 1M 3 r 2 (2.2) M 1 M 2 M 3 4

5 1: N M 1 M 2 M 3 V n i ( m i ) d 2 r m i dt = n 2 j=1 G m im j r 2 ij (2.3) r ij i j i j i,j=1,2,3... n 3 x-y x-z 3 [2] 2 2: 5

6 x, y, z 3 (x,y or z) x θ ( 3) 3: (x,y or z) x θ cos θ x = x r, sin θ y = y r, sin θ z = z r (2.4) m i d 2 x dt 2 m i d 2 y dt 2 = n j=1 = n j=1 d 2 z m i dt = n 2 j=1 G m im j r 2 ij G m im j r 2 ij G m im j r 2 ij x r y r z r (2.5) (2.6) (2.7) x, y, z, r x = x j x i (2.8) y = y j y i (2.9) z = z j z i (2.10) r = (x j x i ) 2 + (y j y i ) 2 + (z j z i ) 2 (2.11) m i d 2 x i dt 2 = n j=1 Gm i m j (x j x i ) ((x j x i ) 2 + (y j y i ) 2 + (z j z i ) 2 ) (2.12)

7 m i d 2 y i dt 2 m i d 2 z i dt 2 = n j=1 = n j=1 Gm i m j (y j y i ) ((x j x i ) 2 + (y j y i ) 2 + (z j z i ) 2 ) 3 2 Gm i m j (z j z i ) ((x j x i ) 2 + (y j y i ) 2 + (z j z i ) 2 ) 3 2 (2.13) (2.14) 7

8 2.2 Runge-Kutta Runge-Kutta Runge-Kutta Euler 1 x 2 Runge-Kutta dy = f(x, y) (2.15) dx (x n,y n ) x n+1 =x n + x y n+1 k 1 = x f (x n, y n ), k 2 = x f (x n + x, y n + k 1 ) y n+1 = y n (k 1 + k 2 ) (2.16) k 1 x n y n+1 k 2 k 1 2 O(( x 3 )) 2 1 y n Runge-Kutta s k i = x f(x n + c i x, y n + x a ij k j ) j =1 y n+1 = y n (k 1 + k 2 ) (2.17) a ij, b i, c i s 4 Runge-Kutta k 1 = x f (x n, y n ) k 2 = x f(x n + x 2, y n + k 1 2 ) k 3 = x f(x n + x 2, y n + k 2 2 ) k 4 = x f(x n + x, y n + k 3 ) y n+1 = 1 6 (k 1 + 2k 2 + 2k 3 + k 4 ) (2.18) 4 x n x n k 1,k 2,k 3,k 4 y n+1 y n x x 8

9 4: 4 Runge-Kutta x 0 x 0 +h 4 1. (x 0,y 0 ) f(x 0,y 0 ) h y k (x 0 + h/2,y 0 + k 1 /2) (x 0,y 0 ) h y k 2 3. (x 0,y 0 ) (x 0 + h/2,y 0 + k 2 /2) h k 3 4. (x 0,y 0 ) (x 0,y 0 ) (x 0 + h/2,y 0 + k 3 /2) h k 4 5. (x 1,y 1 ) Runge-Kutta 1 2 (2.12)(2.13)(2.14) Runge-Kutta dx dt = v x dv n x m i dt = dy dt = v y j=1 dv n y m i dt = j=1 Gm i m j (x j x i ) ((x j x i ) 2 + (y j y i ) 2 + (z j z i ) 2 ) 3 2 Gm i m j (y j y i ) ((x j x i ) 2 + (y j y i ) 2 + (z j z i ) 2 ) 3 2 (2.19) (2.20) (2.21) (2.22) 9

10 dz dt = v z dv n z m i dt = j=1 Gm i m j (z j z i ) ((x j x i ) 2 + (y j y i ) 2 + (z j z i ) 2 ) 3 2 (2.23) (2.24) 2 1 Runge-Kutta 2.3 G ( ) [4] - / Runge-Kutta h G = m 3 s 2 kg 1 A = m [3] % 17 10

11 ( ) / / / / / / / / / (1.0 / ) : ( ) ( / ) x (A[m]) y (A[m]) z (A[m]) : x, y, z

12 x (A[m/ ]) y (A[m/ ]) z (A[m/ ]) : x, y, z

13 3 3.1 x-y 2 x-y-z 3 x-z 23 ( 5) x-y 5: ( 3142 )

14 : x-z

15 5. / 6. XY/XZ x-z 7. / 8. GO / / x y / 4.2 (0, 0) [2]

16 : 7 GO 16

17 8:

18 :

19 4.3.3 XY/XZ 10: XZ XZ XY/XZ 10 x-z 10 x 23 19

20 4.3.4 / 11: 1 11 XZ 20

21 4.3.5 / 12: / 12 / / 4.1 X Y / 21

22 13: / / 13 / 11 22

23 14:

24 15:

25 4.4 16: 25

26 [1],,, (2008) [2], (2009) [3], (2010) [4] :,pp.12-13,20-21 (2000) 26

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