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1 Present Status of Optical Communication Technologies and Next-Generation Optical Fiber Technologies for Extremely Advanced Optical Transmission Toshio MORIOKA The optical communication technologies using optical fibers as a transmission medium have become global communication infrastructures, and at present intensive research activities are underway to realize transmission capacity as large as 100 Tbit/s per fiber. Although they had realized a 4 orders of magnitude increase in transmission capacity over the last 30 years, they have begun to reveal their fundamental physical limits such as maximum input optical powers into the transmission fiber and optical amplifiers limited bandwidths. In this report, the present status of optical communication technologies and their limitations are firstly summarized, and then novel optical transmission technologies to go beyond these limitations are proposed. Lastly, all-japan R&D activities named EXAT Initiatives towards Pbit/s optical transmission and beyond are also introduced. Key words: optical fiber communication, optical fiber, optical amplifier, space-division multiplexing, mode-division multiplexing, fiber fuse FTTH fiber-to-the-home WDM: wavelength division multiplexing Tbit/s 40 Gbit/s Tbit/s 1 4 WDM EXAT NTT morioka.toshio@lab.ntt.co.jp 258 2
2 CPU HPC: high performance computers CPU db E FLOPS HPC 1 HPC db Mbps LTE long term evolution Gbps LTE-Advanced 1 Gbps Tbit/s P bit/s TDM time division multiplexing WDM db/ 2 WDM
3 Gbit/s Tbit/s Pbit/s 4 TDM WDM SDM: space-division multiplexing MDM: mode-division multiplexing WDM [bit/s] [bit/s/hz] [Hz] 12 SNR km 1 8 bit/s/hz 16 bit/s/hz db C nm L nm 2 EDFA erbium-doped fiber amplifier 10 THz 2 25 THz S C L U 16 bit/s/hz [Pbit/s km] C L S nm 15 THz 240 Tbit/s O nm E nm U nm 1.2 W 1.5 W 15 1 W 16 1 W 3 [Pbit/s km] 10 mw/[pbit/s km] 10 mw/[pbit/s km] 1 Pbit/s 1000 km 1000 Pbit/s km Ebit/s km W 1000 km 100 Tbit/s W 17
4 W HAF: hole-assisted fiber SDM MDM SDM MDM 4 a SDM b MDM a SDMb MDM MDM MIMO multiple-input multipleoutput SDM MDM EXAT EXAT: extremely advanced transmission EXAT M EXAT
5 MDM 5 EXAT 3 SDM MDM 4. 2 TDM WDM SDM MDM SDM/MDM MIMO 4. 3 Ebit/s km 100 Tbit/s/ km Pbit/s SDM A. Sano, H. Masuda, T. Kobayashi, M. Fujiwara, K. Horikoshi, E. Yoshida, Y. Miyamoto, M. Matsui, M. Mizoguchi, H. Yamazaki, Y. Sakamaki and H. Ishii: 69.1-Tb/s Gb/s C- and extended L-band transmission over 240 km using PDM-16-QAM modulation and digital coherent detection, OFC/NFOEC 2010, PDPB7 2 A. Sano, T. Kobayashi, E. Yoshida and Y. Miyamoto: Ultra-high capacity optical transmission technologies for 100 Tbit/s optical transport networks, IEICE Trans. Commun., E94-B D. Qian, M-F. Huang, E. Ip, Y-K Huang, Y. Shao, J. Hu and T. Wang: Tb/s Gb/s PDM-128QAM-OFDM transmission over 3 55-km SSMF using pilot-based phase noise mitigation, OFC/NFOEC 2011, PDPB J. Sakaguchi, Y. Awaji, N. Wada, A. Kanno, T. Kawanishi, T. Hayashi, T. Taru, T. Kobayashi and M. Watanabe: 109-Tb/s Gb/s SDM/WDM/PDM QPSK transmission through 16.8-km homogeneous multicore fiber, OFC/NFOEC 2011, PDPB news/s-news/01kiban04_ html 6 Top 500: 7 Y. Miyamoto and S. Suzuki: Advanced optical modulation and multiplexing technologies for high-capacity OTN based on 100 Gb/s channel and beyond, IEEE Comm. Mag., 48, No S65 S71. 8 M. Nakazawa: Giant leaps in optical communication technologies towards 2030 and beyond, ECOC 2010, Plenary Talk 9NICT EXAT ITU T. Morioka: New generation optical infrastructure technologies: EXAT initiative towards 2020 and beyond, OECC 2009, FT BS C. E. Shannon: A mathematical theory of communication, The Bell System Tech. J., , P J. Winzer: Challenges and evolution of optical transport networks, ECOC 2010, We.8. D.1 14 R.-J. Essiambre, G. Kramer, P. J. Winzer, G. J. Foschini and B. Goebel: Capacity limits of optical fiber networks, IEEE J. Lightw. Technol., IEC Technical Report IEC : Optical amplifiers-part 4: Maximum permissible optical power for the damage-free and safe use of optical amplifiers, including Raman amplifiers, ITU-T Recommendation G.664: Optical safety procedures and requirements for optical transport systems BS-6-1
6 18 K. Takenaga, S. Tanigawa, S. Matsuo, M. Fujimaki and H. Tsuchiya: Characteristics of hole-assisted fiber for high power optical transmission systems, ECOC 2008, P B H. Takara, H. Masuda, H. Kanbara, Y. Abe, Y. Miyamoto, R. Nagase, T. Morioka, S. Matsuoka, M. Shimizu and K. Hagimoto: Evaluation of fiber fuse characteristics of holeassisted fiber for high power optical transmission systems, ECOC 2009, P OFT M. Koshiba, K. Saitoh and Y. Kokubun: Heterogeneous multicore fibers: Proposal and design principle, IEICE Electron. Express, K. Imamura, K. Mukasa, Y. Mimura and T. Yagi: Multi-core holey fibers for the long-distance 100 km ultra large capacity transmission, OFC 2009, OTuC Y. Kokubun and M. Koshiba: Novel multi-core fibers for mode division multiplexing: Proposal and design principle, IEICE Electron. Express, H. Kubota, H. Takara, T. Nakagawa, M. Matsui and T. Morioka: Intermodal group velocity dispersion of few-mode fiber, IEICE Electron. Express, T. F. Taunay, B. Zhu, M. F. Yan, G. E. Oulundsen, D. S. Vaidya, W. Luo and N. Li: 120-Gb/s 100-m Transmission in a single multicore multimode fiber containing six cores interfaced with a matching VCSEL array, IEEE Summer Topicals, TuD B. Zhu, T. F. Taunay, M. F. Yan, J. M. Fini, M. Fishteyn, E. M. Monberg and F. V. Dimarcello: Seven-core multicore fiber transmissions for passive optical network, Opt. Express, B. Zhu, T. Taunay, M. Fishteyn, X. Liu, S. Chandrasekhar, M. Yan, J. Fini, E. Monberg and F. Dimarcello: Space-, wavelength-, polarization-division multiplexed transmission of 56-Tb/s over a 76.8-km seven-core fiber, OFC/NFOEC 2011, PDPB NICT pid S. Berdaque and P. Facq: Mode division multiplexing in optical fibers, Appl. Opt., N. Hanzawa, K. Saitoh, T. Sakamoto, T. Matsui, S. Tomita and M. Koshiba: Demonstration of mode-division multiplexing transmission over 10 km two-mode fiber with mode coupler, OFC/NFOEC 2011, OWA R. C. J. Hsu, A. Shah and B. Jalali: Coherent optical multipleinput multiple-output communication, IEICE Electron. Express, S. Schöllmann, N. Schrammar and W. Rosenkranz: Experimental realisation of 3 3 MIMO system with mode group diversity multiplexing limited by modal noise, OFC/NFOEC 2008, JWA A. Li, A. A. Amin, X. Chen and W. Shieh: Reception of mode and polarization multiplexed 107-Gb/s CO-OFDM signal over a Two-Mode Fiber, OFC/NFOEC 2011, PDPB M. Salsi, C. Koebele, D. Sperti, P. Tran, P. Brindel, H. Mardoyan, S. Bigo, A. Boutin, F. Verluise, P. Sillard, M. Bigot-Astruc, L. Provost, F. Cerou and G. Charlet: Transmission at 2 100Gb/s, over two modes of 40 km-long prototype few-mode fiber, using LCOS based mode multiplexer and demultiplexer, OFC/NFOEC 2011, PDPB R. Ryf, S. Randel, A. H. Gnauck, C. Bolle, R.-J. Essiambre, P. Winzer, D. W. Peckham, A. McCurdy and R. Lingle: Space-division multiplexing over 10 km of three-mode fiber using coherent 6 6 MIMO processing, OFC/NFOEC 2011, PDPB aVII EXAT ~ exat/ 40 New horizons in optical communication technologies: Towards 2030 and beyond, 15th Optoelectronics and Communications Conference OECC 2010 Symposium 41 Special section on extremely advanced optical transmission technologies and transmission optical fiber technologies towards exabit era, IEICE Trans. Commun., E94-B
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