Dietary Fiber: Determination Methods and Definition Bunpei MORI Toita Women's College, Emeritus Professor Relationships between analytical methods and

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1 Dietary Fiber: Determination Methods and Definition Bunpei MORI Toita Women's College, Emeritus Professor Relationships between analytical methods and the definition of dietary fiber are reviewed with analytical history, and discussed on the basis of results of the authors and their colleagues. 1) The review discussed on protein-nitrogen and none protein-nitrogen which reduced as an undigestible ma terial through Prosky method. Therefore, a modified determination method including an undigestible ma terial after enzyme hydrolysis, was proposed in this review. 2) The analytical process for Van Soest, Southgate, Asp, Prosky, modified Prosky, Englyst and Upsala method respectively, discussed using each sample or as a model. 3) Resistant starch (RS) was prepared with pancreatin amylase digestion completely, but it dissolved about 50 % by the digestion of Prosky method. Therefore, a new analytical method of RS may be necessary ex cept Termamyl digestion. 4) Relationship between enzymatic method and HPLC procedure for EtOH soluble DF were discussed. Key words: dietary fiber, determination method, resistant starch

2 J. Jpn. Assoc. Dietary Fiber Res. Vol.3 No.1 (1999)

4 J. Jpn. Assoc. Dietary Fiber Res. Vol.3 No.1 (1999)

6 J. Jpn. Assoc. Dietary Fiber Res. Vol.3 No.1 (1999)

8 J. Jpn. Assoc. Dietary Fiber Res. Vol.3 No.1 (1999)

1) Englyst, H. N. and Cummings, J. H.: "Dietary Fibre Perspectives Reviews and Bibliography 2, (ed. Leeds, A. R. ) "p. 3 (1990), John Libbey London, Paris. 5) Englyst, H. N. and Cummings, J. H.: Letter to the ed itor (Dietary fiber definition and analysis, reply to Asp, N.

9 1) Englyst, H. N. and Cummings, J. H.: "Dietary Fibre Perspectives Reviews and Bibliography 2, (ed. Leeds, A. R. ) "p. 3 (1990), John Libbey London, Paris. 5) Englyst, H. N. and Cummings, J. H.: Letter to the ed itor (Dietary fiber definition and analysis, reply to Asp, N. G., et al.). Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 48: (1988) 7) Trowell, H. C.: Ischemic heart diseaseand dietary fiber. Am. J. Gun. Nutr., 25: (1972) 8) FDA, Washington D. C.: Physiological effects and health consequences of dietary fiber, (ed. Pilch, S. M.)Contact N0. FDA , p.231(1987) 10) Englyst, H. N. and Cummings, J. H.: Improved method for measurement of dietary fiber as nonstarch polysaccharides in plant foods., J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 71: (1988) 11) Van Soest, P. J.: Use of detergent inthe analysis of fi brous feeds. A rapidmethod for the determination of fibre and lignin. J. Assoc. Off. Agric. Chem., 46: (1963) 12) Van Soest, P. J. and Wine, R. H.: Use of detergents in the analysis of fibrous feeds. IV Determination of plant cell - all constituents. ibid, 50: (1967 )

J. Jpn. Assoc. Dietary Fiber Res. Vol.3 No.1 (1999) 20) Dreher, M. L.: "Handbook of Dietary Fiber, an Ap plied Approach ", p. 58 (1987) Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, Basel. 22) Southgate, D. A. T.

10 J. Jpn. Assoc. Dietary Fiber Res. Vol.3 No.1 (1999) 20) Dreher, M. L.: "Handbook of Dietary Fiber, an Ap plied Approach ", p. 58 (1987) Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, Basel. 22) Southgate, D. A. T.: Determination of carbohydrates in foods. Unavailable carbohydrates. J. Sci. Food Agric., 20: (1969) 23) Mc Cance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods, Fifth revised and extended edition: (Holland, B., Welch, A. A., Unwin, I. D., Buss, D. H., Paul, A. A. and Southgate, D. A. T., ed.) The Royal Society of Chemistry and Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, The Royal Society of Chemisty Distri bution Centre, U. K. (1992) intake in Japan, , J. Epidemiology, 5: (1995) 27) Hellendoorn, E. W., Moordhoff, M. G. and Slagman, J. : Enzymatic determination of the indigestible residue(dietary fiber)content of human food. J. Sci. Food Agric., 26: (1975) 28) Asp, N. G., Johanson, C. G., Hallmen, H. and Siljestrm, M.: Rapid enzymatic assay of insoluble and soluble dietary fiber. J. Agric. Food Chem., 31: (1983) 29) Asp, N. G., Bjroch, I. and Nyman M.: Nahrugsfasern Dietary fiber. (Amado, R. and Schweizer, T, ed. ) Academic Press, London, p. 177 (1986) 30) 20) ibid, pp ) Prosky, L., Asp, N. G. and Schweizer, T. F.: Deter 32) Prosky, L., Asp, N. G., Furda, I., Deviries, J., Schweizer, T. F. and Harland, B. F.: Determination of total dietary fiber in foods, food products, and total diets : Interlaboratory study. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 67: (1984) 33) Prosky, L., Asp, N. G. and Schweizer, T. F.: Deter mination of insoluble, soluble and total dietary fiber in foods and food products. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 71: (1988) 34) FDA : Fed. Resist., 52:28690(1987) 38) Englyst, H. N. and Hudson, G. J.: Calorimetric method for routine measurement of dietary fiber as non - starch polysaccharides. A comparison with Gas -Liquid chromatography. Food Chem., 24: (1987) 39) Asp, N. G., Schweizer, T. F., Southgate, D. A. T. and Theander, O. :Dietary fibre analysis, Dietary Fi bre -A Component of Food. "Nutritional Function in Health and Disease. (Schweizer, T. F. and Edwards, C. A. ed.) "p. 80 (1992) Springer-Verlag 40) Englyst,H.N.and cummings,j.h.: "Dietary Fibre Persfectives Renews and Billiography2,(ed.Leeds,A. R.) "p.13 (1990) Jhone Libbey London, Paris. 41) Munakata, A., Iwane, S., Ohta, M., Nakazi, S. Sug awara, K. and Mori, B. Time trend of dietary fiber 42) Marlett, J. A., Chesters, J. G., Longaere, M. J. and Bodganske, J. J.: Recovery of soluble dietary fiber is dependent on the method of analysis Am. J. Clin. Nu tr., 50: (1989) 43) Asp, N, G., Schweizer, T. F., Southgate, D. A. T, and Theander, O. ; Dietary Fibre analysis, Dietay Fiber A Compornent of Food. "Nutritional Function in Health and Disease, (Schweizer,T.F. and Edwards, C.A. ed.)" p.77 (1992) Springer-Verlag mination of insoluble, soluble and total dietary fiber in foods and food paoducts. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 71: (1988) 48) Sungsoo, S. L. and Hiches, V.: in Abstract 74th AACC Annual Meeting. Abstracts p.156 Washington D. C. (1989)

11 53) Englyst, H. N., Trowell, H., Southgate, G. A. T, and Cummings, J. H.: Dietary fiber and resistant starch. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 46: (1987) 54) Englyst, H. N. and Cummings, J.H.: Digestion of polysaccharides of potato in the small intestine of man.am.j Clin.Nuts.,, 45: (1987) 61) Sievert, D. and Pomeranz, Y.: Enzyme - resistant starch. I Characterization and evaluation by en zymatic thermoanalytical, and microscopic methods. Cereal Chem., 60: (1989) 62) Sakamoto, J., Nakaji, S., Sugawara, K., Iwane, S. and Munakata, A.: Comparison of resistant starch with cellulose diet on 1, 2 - Dimethyl hydrazine - in duced colonic carecinogenesis in rats. Gastroenterol ogy, 110: (1996) 56) Asp, N. G., Furda, I., Schweizer, T. F, and Prosky, L.; Letter to the editor, Dietary fiber definition and analysis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 48; (1988) 57) Codex Alimentarius Commission; Report of the twen ty - first session of the codex committee on nutrition and foods for special dietary uses. p.3 Berlin, Ger many (1998) 11

Table 1 Components of corn dietary fibers

Table 1 Components of corn dietary fibers Effects of Purified Corn Dietary Fiber on Blood Glucose, and Serum and Liver Lipids in Normal Rats and Mice Sachie Ikegami *1, Saeko Ohsawa *1, Shouko Machida *2 and Akiko Hada *2 The National Institute