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2 UI 0% 80%... / / 2

3 3

4 4

5 printf("input your name: "); scanf("%s", name); s = calc(name); printf("%s\n",s);...

6 AP IF 6

7 UI AP ( ) 7

8 ( )/ ( )/ UNDO 8

9 / 9

10 10

11 / ( ) 11

12 (e.g. ) 12

13 (Cont d) etc. / 13

14 1: UIMS UIMS = User Interface Management System UIMS Application? UIMS? 14

15 Seeheim UIMS ( )? 1

16 ( )

17 UIMS 16

18 2: UI UIMS UI HyperCard Squeak[1]: CSP UI ERL[4]: Sassafras UIMS 17

19 UI UI UI UI UI UI (e.g. HyperCard, Lingo) 18

20 3: GUI ( etc.) 19

21 OpenLook, Motif, XView, Athena Widget, HP Widget, NEXTSTEP, XForms,... MacApp Windows Foundation Class Java AWT Tcl/Tk (STK, PerlTk, PythonTk, etc.) Garnet, Amulet Carnegie Mellon University (Brad Myers) subarctic Georgia Tech (Scott Hudson) Java 20

22 : NeXTstep main(){ NXApp = [MyApp new]; window = [NXApp mainwindow]; mask = [window eventmask]; [NXApp run];... ( ) 21

23 UI ( ) 22

24 4: UI : k a i y a 23

25 (Flex( ) ) ka { printf(" "); } ki { printf(" "); } kya { printf(" "); } (?) c = getc(); if(c == k ){ c = getc(); switch(c){ case a : printf(" "); break; case i : printf(" "); break; case y : c = getc(); if(c == a )... 24

26 2

27 StateChart[3] 26

28 ?

29 : UI etc. : ( ) 27

30 28

31 6: NeXT ( ) 29

32 Interface Builder (NeXT) 30

33 UI but... GUI 31

34 7: 32

35 (PDA??) 33

36 8: PBE (Programming by Example) UI ( : QBE (Query by Example) ) 34

37 UI 3

38 ? / / ( etc.) 36

39 From scratch, UIMS 37

40 From scratch, 38

41 ( ) NeXTstep + InterfaceBuilder, Display PostScript, X11 + XForms (XForms), (X11) SGI/Windows + OpenGL(3D ) + GLUT(OpenGL ) Java AWT 39

42 X11/Windows + Tk( ) + Tcl/Scheme/Perl/Python Garnet X11 + Common Lisp Object System ( etc.) Amulet (X11 + C++) subarctic Java

43 Visual Basic, Delphy, etc. Director Prograph Java Studio Visual Language CLOS + MacApp CLX (X11 + CommonLisp) Tk (X11 + Tcl/Schem/Perl/Python/etc.) 40

44 1: Flex[][7] Flex = C %% ka { printf(" "); } ki { printf(" "); } kya { printf(" "); }... zztrans(, ) UI 41

45 Flex %% a { printf(" "); } ba { printf(" "); } be { printf(" "); } bi { printf(" "); } bo { printf(" "); } bu { printf(" "); } bya { printf(" "); } bye { printf(" "); } byi { printf(" "); }... zye { printf(" "); } zyi { printf(" ");} zyo { printf(" ");} zyu { printf(" ");} static short zznstate[] = { 2, 92, 2, 31, 4, 90, 13, 7, 1, 87, 11,, 6, 8, 81, 10, 1, 3, 18, 7, 29, 9, 22, 23, 82, 69, 99,17, 83, 6,100,174, 84, 9,101,176,177, 8, 2,102, 88, 0, 86, 63, 89, 17, 28, 12,... 12, 0,113,11,126, 0, 0,116,12,127, 0, 0,117,13,128, 16, 134,139,119, 0,13,140,120, 0,136,141,121, 0, 0,137,142,122, 0, 0,138,143,123 } ; zztrans(c,n) int c; int n; { int *state; int index; state = &(zzstms[n].zzstate); if(zzdeftrans[*state]) *state = zzdeftrans[*state]; else{ index = zznindex[*state] + zzctype[c];... 42

46 2: Linda[2][] Linda = / AP Module 1 AP Module 2 Interface Bus = Tuple Space Output Module Input Module Test Module 43

47 Linda ( ) ( ) 4 out in rd eval out("abc", 10) Tuple Space in("abc",? val) <"abc", 10> rd(? str, 10) 44

48 8-Queen... int queens = 8; main(argc, argv) char **argv; { int i; for(i=0;i<queens;i++){ col[i] = qpos[i] = 0; } for(i= -queens;i<queens;i++){ up[i] = down[i] = 0; } extend(0); } extend(n) { int c; for(c=0;c<queens;c++){ if(!col[c] &&!up[n+c] &&!down[n-c]){ qpos[n] = c; if(n+1 >= queens) printqueens(); else { col[c] = up[n+c] = down[n-c] = 1; extend(n+1); col[c] = up[n+c] = down[n-c] = 0; } } } } printqueens() Queen 4

49 Linda Queen Position Caluculation Process Input Process in(click) out(qpos[0],qpos[1],...qpos[7]) Output Process out(click) Tuple Space <CLICK> <0,4,7,,2,6,1,3> in(?pos1,?pos2,...?pos8) 46

50 8-Queen 47

51 8-Queen 48

52 1. Luca Cardelli and Rob Pike. Squeak: a language for communicating with mice. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp , July David Gelernter. Generative communication in linda. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems, pp , January D. Harel. Statecharts: A visual formalism for complex systems. Science of Computer Programming, Vol. 8, pp , Ralph D. Hill. Supporting concurrency, communication, and syncronization in human-computer interaction: The sassafras uims. ACM Transactions on Graphics, pp , July Toshiyuki Masui. User interface specifacation based on parallel and sequential execution specification. In USENIX 91 Conference Proceedings, pp USENIX Conference Proceedings, January Brad A. Myers, Dario Giuse, Roger B. Dannenberg, Brad Vander Zanden, David Kosbie, Marchal Pilippe, Ed Pervin, and John A. Kolojejchick. The garnet toolkit reference manuals: Support for highly-interactive, graphical user interface in lisp. Technical Report CMU-CS , Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, /. 94-PRG-1, Vol. 94, No. 7, pp , January

53 URL ( ) Articles/HCIBookmark.html ACM SIGCHI ( Jacob Nielsen( /Web ) ( HCI Bibliography ( ( 0

BASIC / / BA- SIC Web 1/10 1/10 / / JavaScript

BASIC / / BA- SIC Web 1/10 1/10 // JavaScript MIT Processing line(10,10,100,100); 1 BASIC / Phidgets 1 GAINER 2 USB / Phidgets USB 1: 1 http://www.phidgets.com/ 2 http://gainer.cc/ / / BGM Phidgets University