(Cherenkov Telescope Array : CTA) (Large-Sized Telescope : LST) 2f CTA CTA CTA CTA-Japan LST CTA CTA 3 20 GeV 100 TeV 20 GeV 1000 GeV LST 23 m 23 m 1.
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- えいじろう みやまる
- 7 years ago
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1 CTA - 2f ( 27 ) 14NM160L
2 (Cherenkov Telescope Array : CTA) (Large-Sized Telescope : LST) 2f CTA CTA CTA CTA-Japan LST CTA CTA 3 20 GeV 100 TeV 20 GeV 1000 GeV LST 23 m 23 m 1.51 m m 58.4 m 28 m LST CTA LST f (28 m 29.2 m) 80 % (D80) Pixel 50 mm 1/ mm ( 0.03 ) 2f 2f 2 (2f) 2f LED ON OFF 2f 5 6
3 1 mm 2f 1 mm 1f 0.5 mm 2f 2f 300 nm 550 nm 85 % 470 nm LED 2f 90 % 89.4 % 93.3 % 5 % 2f 2
4 1 Introduction Cherenkov Telescope Array, CTA CTA CTA CTA-Japan Large-Sized Telescope (LST) LST LST LST LST f f f f f f
5 : Cd f Phase Measuring Deflectometry (PMD) LED A High Dynamic Range (HDR) 112 B 2f 117 C 134 2
6 1.1 [1] [2] [2] [2] π 0 [2] [2] [3] [3] [4] [5] CORSIKA [9] [5] ( ) ( ) [10] CTA [11] CTA ( ) MAGIC ( ) H.E.S.S. ( ) [12] "Kifune plot" X VHE [12] CTA 3 [13] [12] Large-Sized Telescope (LST) ( / CTA ) Large-Sized Telescope (LST) [14] MAGIC AMC [15] CTA [16] CMOS [17] [12] CTA PMT (R ) PMT [18] [19] cold slump [12] [10]
![12 CORSIKA [9]..... 17 1.13 [5]............ 18 1.14 ( ) ( ) [10]. 18 2.1 CTA [11]............................. 19 2.2 CTA ( ) MAGIC ( ) H.E.S.S. ( ) [12] 19 2.3 "Kifune plot" X VHE [12]........................ 20 2.](/docs-images/41/22752295/images/page_6.jpg "4 CTA 3 [13]........................... 21 2.5 [12].... 21 2.6 Large-Sized Telescope (LST) ( / CTA )................................. 22 2.7 Large-Sized Telescope (LST)................... 23 2.8 [14].")
7 2.20 [20] [14] [21] [21] [10] f pixel [10] [10] D80 [10] D LED [10] No.70 (1/5 ) No.70 (1 ) No.70 (3.2 ) No.70 (1 ) USB PC LED f No.75 D No No No.76 D No No ON OFF LED SUPERSTAR PAR LED f
![8 [10].................................. 38 3.9................................... 39 3.10.............................. 40 3.11 No.70 (1/5 )............................ 40 3.12 No.70 (1 )............................. 41 3.](/docs-images/41/22752295/images/page_7.jpg "13 No.70 (3.2 )............................ 41 3.14 No.70 (1 )............................ 43 3.15....................... 45 3.16 USB PC....................... 47 3.17................. 48 3.18.......................... 48 3.19 LED.")
8 3.39 2f ( No.70) D Cd D80 Cd D80 ( : )[10] D80 ( : ) Cd33 ( : ) No No No No No LED : OSB5XNE3C1S LED LED : CC1000EH LED LED LED r No.70 D PC NewLens (S55-250mm F4-5.6 IS STM) OldLens (EF-S55-250mm F4-5.6 IS II) D80 ( : ) Cd33 ( : ) D80 ( : ) Cd33 ( : ) f PMD (No.70) f PMD (No.75) f PMD (No.77) f PMD (No.81) f
9 LED LED LED 60 m LED 60 m m m LED (ON BG) LED (1) (2) LED ( ) LED (2f ) f (1) (2) A.1 1/ A A.3 HDR A.4 HDR A.5 (1/5 3.2 ) HDR A.6 ( ) Y = 1480 ( ) A.7 ( ) Y = 1480 ( ) A B.1 R B.2 D B.3 R vs D B.4 No B.5 No B.6 No B.7 No B.8 No
10 B.9 No B.10 No B.11 No B.12 No B.13 No C.1 EF-S55-250mm F4-5.6 IS C.2 EF-S55-250mm F4-5.6 IS C.3 EF-S55-250mm F4-5.6 IS STM C.4 EF-S55-250mm F4-5.6 IS STM C.5 EF-S55-250mm F4-5.6 IS STM
11 Large-Sized Telescope (LST) LST f [10] D D No.70 No.75 (No.73 ) R D f D80 ( No.75) D80 ( No.75) OFF D80 ( No.70) D D D D No f PMD (LED) No LED LED (12 3 ) LED (12 4 ) LED (12 3 ) LED (12 4 (1)) LED (12 4 (2)) LED (12 4 (3)) LED ( ) Fitting
12 B.1 2f LST
13 1 Introduction Victor Franz Hess 90 % 9 % 1 % ev 1.2 kev X TeV (= ev) 1.1: [1] 10
14 1.2.1 E /E 1.2: [2] 1.3: [2] 10 GeV MeV γ 1.4: [2] 11
![3: [2] 10 GeV](/docs-images/41/22752295/images/page_14.jpg "MeV γ 1.")
15 π 0 π 0 p + p p + p + π 0 + π + + π π 0 γ + γ (1.1) π s 2 π MeV(π 0 ) 1.5: π 0 [2] ( ) 2 1.6: - [2] 12
16 GeV ( ) ( 83 MeV) 1.7: [3] 13
17 2 1.8: [3] 14
18 1.3.2 (c/n) ( 1.9) c n βc θ cos θ = 1/(βn) n 300 nm β 1/n E E m e c 2 / 1 1/n 2 = 21 MeV (m e : ) λ2 ( ) 1 dλ N = 2πα 1 λ 1 (βn(λ)) 2 λ 2 α 1/137 λ 1 λ 2 1 TeV ( 1.10) 1 m : [4] 1.10: [5] 15
19 TeV : MAGIC [6] VERITAS [7] H.E.S.S. [8] 16
![11: MAGIC [6]](/docs-images/41/22752295/images/page_19.jpg "VERITAS [7] H.E.S.S. [8] 16")
20 1.4.1 (Imaging Air Cherenkov Technique : IACT) : CORSIKA [9] : : ( ) 17
21 : [5] : ( ) ( ) [10] 18
22 2 Cherenkov Telescope Array, CTA 2.1 CTA TeV Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) ( 2.1) 3 H.E.S.S, MAGIC, VERITAS (1 m Crab erg s 1 cm 2 ) 20 GeV 100 TeV ( 2.2) : CTA [11] 2.2: CTA ( ) MAGIC ( ) H.E.S.S. ( ) [12] CTA GeV Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) (GRB : Gamma-Ray Burst) Extragalactic Background Light (EBL) 100 GeV 10 TeV 19
23 10 TeV 100 CTA 1000 ( 2.3) 2.3: "Kifune plot" X VHE [12] CTA CTA 23 m Large-Sized Telescope (LST) 12 m Midium-Sized Telescope (MST) 4 m Small-Sized Telescope (SST) 3 ( 2.4) ( 2.5) CTA 20 GeV 100 TeV CTA-Japan 100 CTA-Japan PHYS ( ) MC ( ) FPI (Focal Plane Instrument/ ) ELEC ( ) MIR ( ) CAL ( ) Large-Sized Telescope (LST) CTA CTA-Japan 15 % 20
24 2.4: CTA 3 [13] :LST :MST :SST 2.1: LST MST SST 23 m m 4.3 m 20 GeV - 1 TeV 100 GeV - 10 TeV 5 TeV TeV Parabolic Davies-Cotton Davies-Cotton or or Schwarzschild-Couder Schwarzschild-Couder 368 m m 2 37 m 2 28 m 15 m 7 m : [12] 21
25 2.2 Large-Sized Telescope (LST) CTA-Japan Large-Sized Telescope (LST) ( 2.6) LST LST LST 1600 Active Mirror Control (AMC) 2.6: Large-Sized Telescope (LST) ( / CTA ) LST LST ( 2.7) 23 m 368 m m 2 MAGIC 240 m p.e. 100 p.e. MAGIC 50 p.e. 50 GeV LST GeV 30 GeV LST 20 GeV 1 TeV follow up follow up 22
26 CTA CTA LST LST 2.7: Large-Sized Telescope (LST) 2.2: Large-Sized Telescope (LST) (D) 23 m 368 m 2 (f) 28 m (f/d = 1.2) Parabolic m Pixel 50 mm < 100 t 180 /20 s Active Mirror Control System (AMC) 23
27 2.2.2 LST LST 198 ( 2.8) 1.51 m AMC : [14] :Active Mirror Control (AMC) LST (Active Mirror Control : AMC) MAGIC ( 2.9) ( 2.10) MAGIC AMC CTA CMOS ( 2.11) 2.8 CMOS LST 24
28 2.9: MAGIC AMC [15] 2.10: CTA [16] 2.11: CMOS [17] 25
29 2.2.3 LST LST ( 2.12) (PMT) ( 2.13) PMT CCD PMT ( 2.14) 1 1 Pixel ( 50 mm 0.1 ) PMT 7 1 PMT ( 2.15) LST 2000 PMT : [12] 2500 kg 2.13: CTA PMT (R ) CTA-Japan 26
30 2.14: PMT PMT 2.15: PMT [18] 27
31 2.3 LST LST 1.51 m ( 2.16) AMC CMOS 10 cm AMC mm LST 198 CTA 8 LST CTA-Japan : 2.17: [19] 28
32 LST mm AMC CMOS 10 cm LST 50 kgf 50 kgf 80 mm LST 2.7 mm 60 mm 2.7 mm LST 1 Pixel 50 mm 1/ mm 80 % 80 % D80 28 m 29.2 m LST LST 28 m 29.2 m 300 nm 550 nm 85 % CTA 1 % ( ) LST 10 29
33 2.3: LST 1510 mm (flat-flat) Hex < 50 kgf < 80 mm D80 < 16.6 mm at 1f > 85% at nm (> 90% at 400 nm) < 1 %/yr IP66 > cold slump ( 2.18) cold slump 1 INAF (Istituto Nazionale di AstroFisica) MAGIC 100 LST 60 mm ( 2.19) 2.7 mm 65.4 mm 47 kgf 2.18: cold slump [12] 30
34 2.19: [10] 5 (Cr+Al+SiO 2 +HfO 2 +SiO 2 ) ( 2.20) LST 2.8 m 9 m ( 2.21) LST 2.20: [20] 2.21: [14] 31
35 2.3.3 ( 2.22) 5 AMC 2 cm ( 2.23) 2.22: [21] 2.23: [21] 3 32
36 f f f 2f 2f f(focal length) h = R sin θ = (R f) sin 2θ (3.1) θ sin θ θ sin 2θ 2θ (3.1) h Rθ = (R f)2θ R 2f (3.2) R 2f 3.1: [10] 33
37 2f (2f) ( ) 2f 2f f 2f 1/2 2f (D80) 1 f 16.6 mm mm 2f D80 < 16.6 mm at 1f D80 < 33.2 mm at 2f 2f 3.2 LED LED ON OFF LST 56 m 58.4 m : 2f 34
38 LED (ON) (OFF) LED ON LED 2f LED OFF ON OFF D80 1) RAW 2) 3) D80 3 1) RAW RAW (Canon.CR2 ) JPEG RAW RAW dcraw[22] ImageMagick[23] 2 dcraw RAW FITS FITS 2:1:1 CMOS 1 Canon EOS Kiss X5 FITS 5202 pixel 3465 pixel pixel 1732 pixel 4 1 pixel 0.1 mm DS9[24] FITS 3.3: pixel [10] 1500 pixel 1500 pixel 15 cm 15 cm 35
39 2) ON OFF 1:1 OFF ON OFF OFF 200 pixel ON ( 3.4) ON OFF A M m ON OFF I ON,m I OF F,m A A = 1 M M m=1 I ON,m ION,m = I OF F,m I OF F,m (3.3) A OFF n I A,n I A,n = I ON,n A I OF F,n (3.4) 3.4 ON OFF 3.4: [10] 36
40 3) D80 I A,n (x G, y G ) 600 pixel 600 pixel N x G = N I A,n x n n=1 y G = N x n n=1 N I A,n y n n=1 (3.5) N y n n=1 (x G, y G ) r r 100 r 100 I A,100 I A, % I A,80 r 80 D80 4πr 2 dr dr = 1 pixel 80 % I A,80 r 80 r 80 2 D80 ( 3.5) r pixel 750pixel 750 pixel I A,100 ( 3.6) 3.5: D80 [10] 3.6: D80 37
41 3.2 2f 2f ( R) 0.5 m (R±0.5 m) 3 3 ON OFF f LST 28 m 29.2 m 2f 60 m LED 2f 2f 3.1: 2f [10] ( or ) LED(OSRAM : LED SUPERSTAR PAR ) ( ) (Canon : EOS 60D) 1/5, 1, 3.2 s (F ) 6.3 ISO(CMOS ) ( ) 1 (Canon : EF-S55-250mm f/4-5.6 IS II) mm 3.7: LED : (OFF) : (ON) 3.8: [10] 1 FITS 38
42 LED OSRAM LED SUPERSTAR PAR ( 3.7) 5 W 50 W 60 m ( 3.8) pixel Canon EOS 60D EF-S55-250mm f/4-5.6 IS II (F ) 6.3 1/ ISO 100 ISO CMOS ( ) cm LED ( R ) 3 m ON ( 3.9) 3 ON LED OFF ON OFF 0.5 m 3 3.9: 3.9 2f ( 3.10) 39
43 3.10: 2f No.70 No.75 (No.73 ) No.70 3 ( 3.11, 3.12, ) 3.11: No.70 (1/5 ) 40
44 3.12: No.70 (1 ) 3.13: No.70 (3.2 ) 41
45 3.2: D80 [ ] D80 [pixel] 1/ , 3.12, ( ) z ( ) x ( ) y ( ) 3.2 D ( ) D80 1/5 1 1 s D80 (S/N ) D80 3 y No pixel 1500 pixel 1050 pixel 1500 pixel 200 pixel 3.3: D pixel 276 pixel 42
46 3.14: No.70 (1 ) D80 No.70 No : No.70 No.75 (No.73 ) [m] [ ] A D80 [pixel] D80 [mm] 2 No / / / No / / /
47 [m] [ ] A D80 [pixel] D80 [mm] 2 No / / / No / / / No / / / ( R) ( ) D D mm 3.5: R D80 No.70 No.71 No.72 No.74 No.75 R [m] D80 [mm] pixel = 0.1 mm 44
48 D D80 D80 56 m 58.4 m D80 3 ( 3.15) 3.15: 45
49 s A = 1.01 A = % 2 % ON OFF 1 s 0.1 % 0.1 % pixel 2 count 1500 pixel 1500 pixel count A (= 0.1 % ) 60 m 2f 3.3 PC HDR (High Dynamic Range) f PC PC 2f 3 HDR (High Dynamic Range) 2f 46
50 3.3 2f 2f 2f 2f 2f PC PC PC USB PC ( 3.16) PC gphoto2[25] gphoto2 3.16: USB PC 47
51 : : 48
52 f 2f 3.6 2f (LED) LED Lightning EVER MR16 GU10 LED Bulbs (Warm White) LED GU10 E26 ( 3.19) 3.19: LED LED : 30 cm 30 cm 1 cm L Pixel 49
53 Canon EOS Kiss X5 Canon EF-S55-250mm f/4-5.6 IS II Canon ET-60 Canon EOS Kiss X5 Canon EOS 60D ( 3.21) 6 cm 3.21: 3.6: 2f or LED Lightning EVER : MR16 GU10 LED Bulbs (Warm White) : Canon : EOS Kiss X5 Canon : EF-S55-250mm f/4-5.6 IS II Canon : ET-60 BOSCH : GLM 80 (F ISO ) ( 3.1) 50
54 f : 3.23: 1 2f 2f 2 ( 3.24) 5 mm No.75 ( R) 0.5 m (R±0.5 m) 0.1 m 11 51
55 3.24: 2f 3.25: No.75 D : No : No
56 3.25 X Y pixel 80% 2 D80 0 R pixel D80 2 2f : D80 ( No.75) < > R = m < > R = m [ pixel] ON OFF OFF 2 OFF 53
57 20 pixel 2 mm D80 3 D80 LED 2f 5 mm 10 mm D : D80 ( No.75) 5 mm 10 mm [ pixel] 10 mm 14 pixel 20 pixel D : 10 mm 54
58 No No.76 R±0.5 m 0.25 m 5 ( 3.31) 3.29: No.76 D : No : No D m m 0.20 m 0.10 m 2 R±0.45 m 0.15 m 7 55
59 5 ON OFF ON OFF LED ON OFF BG LED : 3.33: ON OFF 56
60 LED ON/OFF LED ON/OFF + LED ON + OFF LED ON + OFF + LED ON + OFF + 3.9: OFF D80 ( No.70) D80 [pixel] A A ON OFF D80 LED ON/OFF 2f LED 10 mm ( R) 0.45 m (R±0.5 m) 0.15 m m ( 0.10 m) ON OFF LED ON/OFF 57
61 3.3.4 (LED) OSRAM LED SUPERSTAR PAR LED LED 5 W 50 W LED 4 mm LED LED : LED SUPERSTAR PAR : : : 3.35: LED cm 3.36: 58
62 3 m 3.37 PC 5 m USB 3.37: f 3.38: 2f 59
63 3.3.5 : No : 2f ( No.70) D80 8 pixel pixel : D80 D mm 3 0.1mm 60
64 f OFF OFF ( 1 ) 2015/5/13 16: /6/17 15: /6/17 20: /8/27 15: /8/27 21: /6/17 22:26 ( ) 3.41: 61
65 3.42: 3.10: Mean RMS count RMS 6.82 count CMOS count 50 count count 1/4 62
66 3.3.7 Cd33 Constant diameter (Cd) Phase Measuring Deflectometry (PMD) 2f PMD PMD PMD PMD 2013 [10] Cd33 Constant diameter D80 33 mm Cd33 Cd33 2f 33 mm 3.43: Cd r 100 ( 750 pixel) D80 Cd33 Cd33 D80 ( 3.44) 63
67 3.44: D80 Cd33 D80 [mm] Cd33 [%] 2f D80 (r 100 ) 80 % Cd33 64
68 D80 Cd33 D80 Cd 33 A D80 Cd33 [10] 3.45 A 0.1 % D80 23 pixel = 2.3 mm 3.45: D80 ( : )[10] : D80 ( : ) 65
69 3.47: Cd33 ( : ) 3.46 D % 10 pixel 1 mm 1 mm 3.46 D80 D80 2 Cd33 D LST 2f 2f 6 No.70 No.85 (No.73 ) No.70 No : No.70 No.71 No.72 No.74 No.75 R ( ) [m] D80 ( ) [mm] R (Fit) [m] D80 (Fit) [mm]
70 No : No.70 67
71 No : No.71 68
72 No : No.72 69
73 No : No.74 70
74 No : No.75 71
75 3.4 2f 2f 4 2f PMD (LED) LED LED SUPERSTAR PAR LED LED LED 2700 K 300 nm 550 nm LED LED 4 LED OptoSupply OSB5XNE3C1S ( 3.53) LED 470 nm 3 W LED 60 m 3.54 LED LED LED : LED : OSB5XNE3C1S 3.54: LED 72
76 LED 3.54 LED LED 3.54 LED LED CC1000EH ( 3.55) 3.55: LED : CC1000EH LED LED DC LED DC ( 3.57) LED 4 mm ( 3.56) 3.56: LED LED LED ON/OFF DC ON/OFF mm 73
77 3.57: LED 3.58: 3.59: 3.60: LED 74
78 Canon EOS Kiss X5 Canon EOS 8000D CMOS Canon EOS 8000D CMOS Canon EOS Kiss X mm(aps-c ) D80 Canon EF-S55-250mm F4-5.6 IS II Canon EF-S55-250mm F4-5.6 IS STM Canon EF-S55-250mm F4-5.6 IS II 250 mm 0.31 Canon EF-S55-250mm F4-5.6 IS STM 250 mm mm 14 % 17 % ( 3.61) f : :Canon EF-S55-250mm F4-5.6 IS II :Canon EF-S55-250mm F4-5.6 IS STM 75
79 nm LED LED CMOS r pixel 2000 pixel 700 pixel 700 pixel r pixel 3.62: r 100 : r 100 : r r 100 r
80 pixel : f No D No.70 7 (EOS 8000D + EF-S55-250mm F4-5.6 IS STM) (EOS Kiss X5 + EF-S55-250mm F4-5.6 IS II) No LED D mm 0.94 mm 7 No
81 3.12: D80 D80 [mm] D80 [mm] [mm] No No No No : No.70 D80 D80 1mm r D80 ( 3.65) r
82 3.65: 3.13: D80 D80 [mm] D80 [mm] [mm] ( [mm]) No (-0.37) No (-0.19) No (-0.19) No (-0.37) r mm r 100 r 100 D mm D80 No.70 No EOS 8000D EOS Kiss X NewCamera EOS 8000D OldCamera EOS Kiss X5 NewLens EF-S55-250mm F4-5.6 IS STM OldLens EF- S55-250mm F4-5.6 IS II NewCamera OldCamera NewLens OldLens 79
83 3.14: D80 Camera NewCamera OldCamera Lens NewLens OldLens NewLens OldLens No.70 D80 [mm] Scale(1 mm =) [pixel] No.77 D80 [mm] Scale(1 mm =) [pixel] f 1 mm No.70 No.77 No.77 NewCamera NewLens 0.4 mm D80 D80 NewLens OldLens D80 4 mm CMOS 1 pixel 4 mm 3.66 PC PC : PC 80
84 3.67: NewLens (S55-250mm F4-5.6 IS STM) 3.68: OldLens (EF-S55-250mm F4-5.6 IS II) 81
85 RAW dcraw ImageMagick FITS FITS ds : 1 NewLens 0.7 % OldLens 2.2 % D : D80 Camera NewCamera OldCamera Lens NewLens OldLens NewLens OldLens No.70 D80 [mm] Scale(1 mm =) [pixel] No.77 D80 [mm] Scale(1 mm =) [pixel] No.77 NewCamera 0.1 mm NewCamera OldCamera 0.5 mm r
86 : D80 ( : ) 3.71: Cd33 ( : ) A 0.1 % +0.1 % D80 8 pixel 10 pixel A 2047 D80 A A
87 M A m=1 = (I ON,m ) M m=1 (I OF F,m ) (3.6) A 3.4 I A,n = (I ON,n ) A (I OF F,n ) (3.7) 3.7 D : D80 ( : ) 3.73: Cd33 ( : ) D80 50 % D80 6 pixel 1 mm 84
88 f 1 5 2f 2f No : 3.16: No.70, /06/18 23:45 : LED Old,Old /06/ Old,Old /10/15 17:00 Old,Old /12/03 18:35 2f Old,Old /12/09 22:17 New,New 85
89 3.4.5 Phase Measuring Deflectometry (PMD) PMD 2f R PMD 0.07 m 0.28 m PMD 2f 2f D80 1 mm 1 mm PMD 2f 3.17: 2f PMD 2f PMD D80 [mm] R [m] D80 [mm] R [m] D80 [mm] R [m] ( ) ( ) (Fit) (Fit) No No No No : 2f PMD (No.70) 86
90 3.76: 2f PMD (No.75) 3.77: 2f PMD (No.77) 3.78: 2f PMD (No.81) 87
91 4 4.1 CTA LST 300 nm 550 nm 85 % LST 90 % 1.51 m 2f 2f 4.1 2f LED 2f 2f 2f 4.1: 2f 88
92 f LED Canon EOS Kiss X5 + Canon EF-S55-250mm F4-5.6 IS II (LED) (LED) ON OFF pixel 1 pixel : 4.1: (LED) ON OFF ON OFF Ave σ Ave σ Ave ± σ ± ± ± ± ± [ count/pixel] 89
93 2f No.70 2f r 100 ( 750 pixel) 2f count = 2f r 100 1pixel (4.1) mm mm 2 ( 4.3) 4.3: 1 mm = pixel pixel pixel : No.70 [count/pixel] [%] ± ± ± ± ± ±
94 4.2 LED 10 % LED 30 1/ LED LED LED LED 470 nm 470 nm LED S/N LED cm LED 55 cm 2f LED LED : LED 91
95 4.5: LED 4.6: LED LED % LED % LED LED 92
96 60 m LED 60 m S 6 60 m LED m LED LED : LED 60 m 4.8: LED 60 m LED LED 1 pixel
97 ( ) LED count/pixel count/pixel count/pixel 2 count LED LED 10 count S/N LED S/N 60 m LED 60 m LED ( EOS Kiss X5) 56 m LED LED 10 OFF : 60 m 60 m 7 LED LED
98 4.10: 60 m LED (ON BG) 4.3: LED [min] LED (ON-BG) [count/pixel] ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± count/pixel 60 m 60 2 count 10 count % 95
99 4.3.2 LED LED LED 2 LED LED : LED (12 3 ) ON OFF ON OFF Ave σ Ave σ Ave ± σ ± ± ± ± [ count/pixel] 4.5: LED (12 4 ) ON OFF ON OFF Ave σ Ave σ Ave ± σ ± ± ± ± ± [ count/pixel] 96
100 2 LED LED 4.11 LED A 1 cm ( ) ( ) 2 C A 1cm LED 1 ( 4.17) 4.11: LED f LED ( 4.15) ON 4 OFF(BG) 2 (4 ) Ave σ BG(1) BG(2) [ count/pixel] 4.6: LED (12 3 ) 4.12: (1) 97
101 (1) 2 2 ON OFF(BG) 4 ON OFF ON OFF Ave σ Ave σ Ave ± σ ± ± ± ± ± [ count/pixel] 4.7: LED (12 4 (1)) 4.13: (2) (2) 2 2 ON OFF(BG) 4 ON OFF ON OFF Ave σ Ave σ Ave ± σ ± ± ± ± ± [ count/pixel] 4.8: LED (12 4 (2)) 98
102 (3) 2f ( m) No ON OFF(BG) 1 ON OFF 5 Sum [ count] 4.9: LED (12 4 (3)) 4.14: 4.15: 5 ON OFF 1:1 99
103 2 LED % % 3 LED count LED LED 3 4 (1) 4 (3) (3) 2f 4.18 LED 1 cm (0.85 ) 1.5 % 2 cm (1.7 ) 7 % LED LED LED LED LED 60 m LED 1 pixel 2 3 count ( ) 1pixel 0.5 count (15 %) LED 2f LED 1 cm (0.85 ) 1.5 % 2 cm (1.7 ) 7 % LED 100
104 4.16: 4.17: LED ( ) 4.18: LED (2f ) 101
105 LED LED LED 60 m 60 m m LED LED 1 pixel 2 3 count : 102
106 LED LED 10 % f LED LED : m f ( 4.21) No D
107 pixel LED : 2f 4.22: 4.23: 104
108 4.10: LED ( ) [min] LED (ON-BG) 10 6 [count] ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.50 (2.74 ± 0.04) 10 6 count 1 % 15?? LED 60 m LED LED m 5 ON OFF
109 図 4.24: 光量推測試験 図中の赤円で囲った部分にみられる光が床や壁の反射成分が鏡に反射された光であり 光量 安定性再試験のようにスクリーンを 2f 側に置いた場合には反射光が写らないことがわかる 図 4.25: スクリーンから見た床と壁の反射光 図 4.26: 暗幕とダンボール壁による遮光 表 4.11: 光量推測試験の測定位置と光量 測定位置 [m] 光量 [count/pixel] ± ± ± ± ±
110 4.27: (1) 5 Fitting m count/pixel 25 m χ 2 /ndf 25 m Fitting : (2) Fitting χ 2 /ndf m count/pixel Fitting 4.12: Fitting 25 m 25 m m [count/pixel]
111 pixel LED 4.2 r pixel 900 pixel ( 3.4 ) No ON OFF : 10 6 [count] No ± No ± No ± No ± No ± mm = 10.7 pixel : 2f [%] [%] [%] No ± No ± No ± No ± No ± % 5 % 5 % 2f 2f 108
112 93 % 90 % 2f LED LED 5 % 5 % 2f 109
113 5 (Chrenkov Telescope Array : CTA) (Large-Sized Telescope : LST) 2f 2f 2f 2f 5 6 2f 1 mm 2f 1 mm 1f 0.5 mm (D80) 16.6 mm 2f 2f PMD PMD f 2f LST 300 nm 550 nm 85 % 1.51 m 470 nm LED 2f 60 m LED 60 m 110
114 60 m 5 90 % 89.4 % 93.3 % 5 % LED 2f 111
115 A High Dynamic Range (HDR) HDR High Dynamic Range (HDR) Canon CMOS ( ) RAW 2 11 = 11bit = 13.7 bit 3 bit 3 bit HDR CMOS 2f HDR 2f 2f (56 m 58.4 m) D80 S/N 2f S/N 1/ HDR S/N 112
116 HDR LED HDR 1/5 3.2 A.1 A.2 A.1: 1/5 A.2: 3.2 1/5 A A.2 2 HDR HDR 3.2 ( ) ( ) ( A.3) 16 (4 bit) HDR A.4 A.3: HDR 113
117 A.4: HDR D80 16 pixel HDR HDR 1/5 3.2 HDR A.5 A.5: (1/5 3.2 ) HDR 114
118 HDR A.5 A.6: ( ) Y = 1480 ( ) A.6 Y = 1480 dx = +4 pixel dy = 32 pixel HDR A.7 A.7: ( ) Y = 1480 ( ) Y = 1480 A.8 115
119 A.8: A.8 1/ /5 3.2 Y = 1/16X Y = X Fittting Fitting Fitting Y = X HDR HDR LED S/N PC HDR 116
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130 No.79 B.7: No
131 No.80 B.8: No
132 No.81 B.9: No
133 No.82 B.10: No
134 No.83 B.11: No
135 No.84 B.12: No
136 No.85 B.13: No
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144 [16], 2015, CTA 101: CTA Active Mirror Control, 2015 [17], 2015, CTA, 2015 [18], 2015, CTA, [19], 2014, CTA, [20], 2012, CTA γi, [21], 2015, CTA 96, 2015 [22] dcraw dcoffin/dcraw/ [23] Image Magick [24] SAO Image DS9 [25] gphoto - gphoto Home [26], 2012, RAW [27] DCRAW
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