5.. z = f(x, y) y y = b f x x g(x) f(x, b) g x ( ) A = lim h g(a + h) g(a) h g(x) a A = g (a) = f x (a, b)

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "5.. z = f(x, y) y y = b f x x g(x) f(x, b) g x ( ) A = lim h g(a + h) g(a) h g(x) a A = g (a) = f x (a, b)............................................"

Transcription

1 5 partial differentiation (total) differentiation 5. z = f(x, y) (a, b) A = lim h f(a + h, b) f(a, b) h ( ) f(x, y) (a, b) x A (a, b) x (a, b) (x, y) (x, y) f x, y f(x, y) x x (paritial derivative) y ( ) B = lim h f(a, b + h) f(a, b) h ( ) x x x y (ordinary differentiation) z = f(x, y) Lagrange, Leibniz, Cauchy z x, f x, f x (x, y), z y, f y, f y (x, y) z, f (x) z x, f x, z y, f dy y dx, df dx D x z, D x f, D y z, D y f Df (a, b) f f x (a, b), x f x=a,y=b x f f y (a, b), y f x=a,y=b y (x,y)=(a,b) (x,y)=(a,b) D dx x rund f partial f (over) partial x x 8

2 5.. z = f(x, y) y y = b f x x g(x) f(x, b) g x ( ) A = lim h g(a + h) g(a) h g(x) a A = g (a) = f x (a, b) ( ) g (a) a g(x) g(x) y = b f(x, y) f x (a, b) f(x, y) (a, b) x z f(a, b) = f x (a, b)(x a), y = b x a y = b + t z f(a, b) f x (a, b) (a, b) y z f(a, b) = f y (a, b)(y b), x = a x a y = b + s z f(a, b) f y (a, b) ( ) g (x) = f x (x, b) f x (x, b) x x b y f x (x, y) f(x, y) (x, y) x f y (x, y) x y ( ), ( ) (a, b) x y (a, b) x θ { x = a + h cos θ (h R) y = b + h sin θ (a, b) θ f(a + h cos θ, b + h sin θ) f(a, b) lim h h θ x y π θ θ 9

3 5.. ( ), ( ) (x, y) f(x + x, y) f(x, y) f x (x, y) = lim x x x y x f(x, y) y x y (...) x x (...) y y f(x, y) = xy y x f x (x, y) = y (x) x = y x y f y (x, y) = x (y) y = x f(x, y) = x y 3xy + x y + f x (x, y) = y (x ) x 3y (x) x + (x ) x + ( y + ) x = xy 3y + x f y (x, y) = x (y ) y 3x(y ) y (y) y + (x + ) y = x y 6xy f(x, y) = sin(x + 3y) f x (x, y) = sin(x + 3y) f y (x, y) = 3 sin(x + 3y) f(x, y) = (sin x + e y )(cos y + e x ) f(x, y) = x y f x (x, y) = (sin x+e y ) x (cos y+e x )+(sin x+e y )(cos y+e x ) x = cos x(cos y+e x )+(sin x+e y )e x f y (x, y) = (sin x+e y ) y (cos y +e x )+(sin x+e y )(cos y +e x ) y = e y (cos y +e x ) (sin x+e y ) sin y f x (x, y) = yx y f y (x, y) = x y log x f(x, y) f(x, y) = g(x) + h(y) f(x, y) x y f x (x, y) = g (x) f y (x, y) = h (y) f x x f y y h(y) f(x, y) x f y (x, y) = h (y) = y g(x) h(y) c g(x) f(x, y) = g(x)h(y) x y f x (x, y) = g (x)h(y) f y (x, y) = g(x)h (y) 3

4 f(x, y) = f(y, x) x, y f x (x, y) x y f y (x, y) f(x, y) f(y, x) = x x x y f(x, y) y : f(x, y) = x y + xy f x (x, y) = xy + y x y xy + x f y (x, y) f(x, y) = g(x + y) f(x, y) x + y f x (x, y) = f y (x, y) = g (x + y) f(x, y) x + y = t f x f y f(x, y) = g(ax + by + c) f x (x, y) = ag (ax + by + c) f y (x, y) = bg (ax + by + c) f x : f y = a : b f(x, y) = g(h(x, y)) f x (x, y) = h x (x, y)g (h(x, y)) f y (x, y) = h y (x, y)g (h(x, y)) h(x, y) = t f(x, y) f(x, y) : f(x, y) = (xy) + (xy) h(x, y) = xy g(t) = t + t f(x, y) = g(h(x, y)) f x (x, y) = y (t + ) = y(xy + ) f y (x, y) = x (t + ) = x(xy + ) f(x, y) ( ), ( ) xy f(x, y) = x + y ((x, y) (, )) ((x, y) = (, )) f x (x, y) = y(y x ) (x + y ) f y (x, y) = x(x y ) (x + y ) f(h, ) f(, ) f x (, ) = lim = lim = h h h h f(, h) f(, ) f y (, ) = lim = lim = h h h h 3

5 (x, y) R x y 5..3 ( ), ( ) f(x, y) x y { (x ) f(x, y) = (x < ) y x y y y y (x, y) f y (x, y) = x x = y y f(x, y) = x + y x x + b x = f x (x, y) x = y y + a y f y (x, y) (x, y) y f(x, y) x y z = x + y (x ) z = x + y (x ) y z = y x f(x, y) = 3 xg(y) g(y) y f y (x, y) = 3 xg (y) (x, y) f x f x (x, y) = g(y) 3 x g(y) x = g(y) = y f(x, y) = f x (x, y) = (, g(y)) g(y) x f(x, y) = x g(y) x, y 3

6 { (x = y = xy = ) f(x, y) = ( xy ) z = x y f x (, ) = f y (, ) = x, y x y x, y x f y y f x xy f(x, y) = x + y ((x, y) (, )) ((x, y) = (, )) (x, y) f x, f y y = mx (m ) f(x, y) = xy x + y = mx ( + m )x = m + m x y ((x, y) (, )) f(x, y) = (x + y ) 3 ((x, y) = (, )) (x, y) x y f(x, y) = = r cos θ sin θ (x + y ) 3 r r cos θ sin θ x, y cos θ, sin θ r cos θ sin θ y = mx x y m x 4 f(x, y) = = (x + y ) 3 ( + m ) 3 x = m x 3 ( + m ) 3 x x =

7 y x = A + ε ( y = f(x + x) f(x )) x ε A = f (x ) y = A x + ε x = f (x ) x + ε x ε x ( x, y) (x, y) (dx, dy) dy = f (x)dx dx x dy y 5.. z = A x + B y + ερ z = f(x + x, y + y) f(x, y ) ρ = ( x) + ( y) ρ ε (x + x, y + y) (x, y ) f(x, y) (x, y ) (x, y, z ) z = f(x, y ) (dx, dy, dz) dz = Adx + Bdy dx, dy, dz x, y, z (x, y, z) dx = x x z z = A(x x ) + B(y y ) f(x, y) (x, y, z ) 5..3 f(x, y) (x, y ) (x + x, y + y) x (x, y ) y =, ρ = x z = A x + ε x x z x = A ± ε ± x x ε A (x, y ) x 34

8 (x, y ) x A f x (x, y ) B = f y (x, y ) θ x = ρ cos θ y = ρ sin θ z = Aρ cos θ + Bρ sin θ + ερ ρ z ρ = A cos θ + B sin θ + ε ρ A cos θ + B sin θ = f x (x, y ) cos θ + f y (x, y ) sin θ θ f x, f y : y = A x + ε x y x = A + ε x A = f (x ) z = A x + B y + ερ ρ z ρ = A x ρ + B y ρ + ε ρ z A x B y ρ z, x. y dx, dy, dz : 35

9 , 5..5 (x, y, z = f(x, y )) z z = f x (x, y )(x x ) + f y (x, y )(y y ) (x, y, z ) x y x y z z x y = = x y z x y z + f y (x, y ) t f x (x, y ) + s x x y = + t + s z y z f x (x, y ) f y (x, y ) t = x x, s = y y x, y x = x, y = y z x, y θ θ θ : f(x, y) = xy (, ) θ = π/4 y = x f x = y, f y = x π/4 cos π 4 + sin π 4 = + = x = t cos π 4 = t y = t sin π 4 = t (, ) t = z t z = (t ) z = t (x, y, z) x t/ y = + t/ = z t (, ) z = x + y + t 36

10 y = x x = y = t/ x = y = t x y = + t z t 5..5 ax + by + cz + d = t (a b c) (x, y, z ), (x, y, z ) ax + by + cz + d = ax + by + cz + d = a(x x ) + b(y y ) + c(z z ) = a b c x x y y z z z z = f x (x, y )(x x ) + f y (x, y )(y y ) f x (x, y ) f y (x, y ) f x (x, y ) f y (x, y ) xy z ( ) f x (x, y ) f y (x, y ) t ( f x (x, y ) f y (x, y )) f(x, y) ( ) 5.3. ( ) f y (x, y ) f x (x, y ) 37

11 z x x = f y (x, y )t y y = f x (x, y )t z = z + f x (x, y )(x x ) + f y (x, y )(y y ) = z + f x (x, y )f y (x, y )t f x (x, y )f y (x, y )t = z z f(x, y) : k f(x, y) = k (x, y) y x f(x, y), f x (x, y), f y (x, y) k (f y, f x ) f(x, y) = x + y f x (x, y) = x f y (x, y) = y (x, y) (x y) (y x) 5..6 () (x, y) = (r cos θ, r sin θ) f(x, y) = x sin θ ( x sin tan y ) (x ) f(x, y) = x (x = ) θ 38

12 : x = y = f(x, y) = f(x, y) x, y x x y y xy z = xy f(x, y) 5..7 () f x, f y C f x, f y f x, f y x y xy f(x, y) = x + y ((x, y) (, )) ((x, y) = (, )) (x, y) x, y f x y(y x ) f x (x, y) = (x + y ) ((x, y) (, )) ((x, y) = (, )) (x, y) (, ) y(y x ) (x + y ) = r sin θ(r sin θ r cos θ) r 4 = sin θ(sin θ cos θ) r (x, y) (, ) r θ f x (x, y) f y : 39

13 5.3 dx, dy, dz dz = f f dx + x y dy f x, f y 5.4 f x, f y x, y ( ) f x ( x ) f y ( y ) f y ( x ) f x y = f x = f xx(x, y) = f y = f yy(x, y) = f x y = f xy(x, y) = f y x = f yx(x, y) : f xx f x : ( ) f f y x x y f x, y y x f xy f yx p.8: 5..3 (a, b) f x, f y f xy, f yx f xy (a, b) = f yx (a, b) f xy, f yx D f xy = f yx x y f xy = f yx f(x, y) = x f y (x, y) = f yx = f x (x, y) x = x = f xy (x, y) f yx f x, f y { x (x ) f(x, y) = (x < ) 4

14 f yx f xy x = f xy, f yx xy x y f(x, y) = x + y ((x, y) (, )) ((x, y) = (, )) p f xy (, ) = f yx (, ) = f xy = f yx f xx, f yy n n n f r x s y (r + s = n) n + f(x, y) n f(x, y) C n C n n C x = x(t) y = y(t) x, y t f(x, y) t z = f(x, y) = f(x(t), y(t)) = f (t) dz dt = z x dx dt + z y dy dt f t (x(t), y(t)) xy f(x, y) t x = t, y = b b z = f(x, y) dz dt = z x f(x, y) y = b f x (x, b) y x = at + a, y = bt + b (a b) dz dt = a z x + b z y 4

15 (a b) a + b a x = a cos t, y = a sin t ( dz dt = a sin t z ) z + cos t x y z = xy dz dt = a(x cos t y sin t) = a (cos t sin t) = a cos t f (t) = a sin t cos t dz dt = a (sin t cos t) = a cos t y = x dz dx = z dx x dx + z dy y dx = z z + x x y z = xy dz dx = y + x y = x z = xy = x 3 y = x y + x = x + x = 3x = (x 3 ) x dz dx z x 5.5. x, y xy (x, y) (u, v) x = x(u, v) y = y(u, v) z = f(x, y) = f(x(u, v), y(u, v)) = f (u, v) z u = z x x u + z y y u z v = z x x v + z y y v Lagrange z u = z x x u + z y y u z v = z x x v + z y y v z x y z u z = u x u y x z v v v y ( z u z v ) = ( x u x v y u y v ) ( z x z y ) (Jacobian) J : : 3: (u, v) (x, y) 4

16 x = au + bv y = cu + dv x u = a, x v = b, y u = c, y v = d z u = az x + cz y z v = bz x + dz y x = u + v y = u v z = f(x, y) = x y z x = x, z y = y z u = z x x u + z y y u = (x y) z v = z x x v + z y y v = (x + y) u = x + y v = x y z u = 4v z v = 4u f(x, y) = x y = (x + y)(x y) = 4uv z u, z v π/4 z = x y z = xy x = r cos θ y = r sin θ ( ) cos θ sin θ J = r sin θ r cos θ z r = z x cos θ + z y sin θ z θ = z x r sin θ + z y r cos θ J 43

17 J cos θ = sin θ sin θ r cos θ r (r, θ) (x, y) z x = z r cos θ z θ sin θ r z y = z r sin θ + z θ cos θ r f(x, y) = g(x + y ) f(x, y) = g(x, y) h(x, y) g(x, y), h(x, y) z = x + y z x, z y z r, z θ f(x, y) f (u, v) f (r, θ) z = x + y = r z r = z θ = J z x, z y z = x xy y x + y z x, z y z = r cos θ r cos θ sin θ r sin θ r cos θ + r sin = cos θ cos θ sin θ sin θ = cos θ sin θ θ z r = z θ = (sin θ + cos θ) z x, z y (r, θ) (x, y) J z x = sin θ (sin θ + cos θ) = sin θ ( cos θ sin θ + cos θ sin θ) r r = r 4 r sin θ((r cos θ)(r sin θ) + r cos θ r sin θ) = (x + y ) y(xy + x y ) r cos θ, r sin θ f r, f θ f x, f y x y f r, f θ r θ 44

18 f(r, θ) = r g(r, θ) = sin θ g g(r, θ) = θ f r (r, θ) = f θ (r, θ) = g r (r, θ) = g θ (r, θ) = cos θ f r θ x g f r (r, θ) f θ f r, f θ f x, f y f r, f θ (r, θ) (x, y) r (x y) θ (y x) (dimension) x, y cm km r θ y x y y y = x y x f θ r f r f(x, y) = x + y = r f r = p f(a + x, b + y) (a, b) x, y 5..4 f(x, y) C (a, b) f(a + x, b + y) = f(a, b) + f x (a, b)x + f y (a, b)y + ( fxx (a, b)x + f xy (a, b)xy + f yy (a, b)y )! + ( fxxx (a, b)x 3 + 3f xxy (a, b)x y + 3f xyy (a, b)xy + f yyy (a, b)y 3) 3! +... n n 45

19 n nc k f xk y n k(a, b)xk y n k k= f (...) (a, b) (a, b) (a + θx, b + θy) θ θ < f(a + x, b + y) (a, b) D (x, y) D (x, y) (a, b) (x, y) f(x, y) < f(a, b) (a, b) f(a, b) f(x, y) > f(a, b) (a, b) f(a, b) <, >, (a, b) 5.9. f(x, y) f x (a, b) = f y (a, b) = (a, b) f(x, y) xy z = k x f x (a, b) = (a, b) (saddle point) : (a, b) (a, b) (a, b) (a, b) 46

20 5.9.3 f x (a, b) = f y (a, b) = f(a + x, b + y) f(a, b) = +! ( fxx (a, b)x + f xy (a, b)xy + f yy (a, b)y ) + (a, b) (a + x, b + y) x, y lim x x n = (n > ) x x, y f(a + x, b + y) f(a, b) f xx (a, b) = A f yy (a, b) = B f xy (a, b) = H f xx (a, b)x + f xy (a, b)xy + f yy (a, b)y = Ax + Hxy + By = P P A = B = H = P H P = Hxy P x, y y = x P = Hx y = x P = Hx (x, y) = (, ) H (a, b) A, B A [ ( P = A x + H ) ] A y AB H + A y ( x + H A y ) H AB p = AB H = f xx f yy f xy > < > A y y = x + H A y = y = x = y = P x = y = P A 47

21 : = AB H > AB > B A B A < : P < f(a + x, b + y) f(a, b) < (x, y) (, ) (x, y) f(a, b) A > : f(a, b) < A < A = C [ ( P = A x + H ) ] [ ( ) ] [ ( ) ] H H A y C y = A x + A + C y x + A C y P x, y P ( ) H x + A + C y = ( ) H x + A C y = (a, b) A = B =, H = AB H = H < = P = A (x + HA ) y x + H A y = P = f(a + x, b + y) f(a, b) A = B = H = x, y x, y ( ) ( ) P = Ax + Hxy + By A H x = (x y) H B y x, y n n 48

22 5.9.4 z = x + y (x, y) (, ) x + y > (, ) (, ) f x (x, y) = f y (x, y) = (x, y) (a, b) f xx (a, b) = A f yy (a, b) = B f xy (a, b) = H = AB H > : A < A > < : (a, b) = : f(x, y) = x + y x + y f x (x, y) = x f y (x, y) = y f x = x = f y = y = (, ) f xx (x, y) = f yy (x, y) = f xy (x, y) = = = 4 > A = > x, y + = f(x, y) = x 4 + y 4 f x (x, y) = 4x 3 f y (x, y) = 4y 3 49

23 (, ) f xx (x, y) = x f yy (x, y) = y f xy (x, y) = (, ) A = B = H = f xxx (x, y) = 4x f yyy (x, y) = 4y (, ) f x 4(x, y) = f y 4(x, y) = 4 (, ) f(x, y) = x y xy + 4xy 3y f x (x, y) = xy y + 4y = y(x y + ) f y (x, y) = x 4xy + 4x 3 f x = y = x y + = y = f y f y = x + 4x 3 = x = ± 7 ( ± 7, ) x y + = y = x + f y = x 4x(x + ) + 4x 3 = 3x + 4x + 3 = f xx (x, y) = y f yy (x, y) = 4x f xy (x, y) = x 4y + 4 ( ± 7, ) f xx ( ± 7, ) = f yy ( ± 7, ) = f xy ( ± 7, ) = ± 7 = AB H = (8 4 7) (± 7) = 7 <... f(x, y) = (x y)(y x) f x (x, y) = xy 3x + y f y (x, y) = x y 3y + x xy 3x + y = x y 3y + x = 5

24 (x, y) = (, ) x, y x( ) y( ) x y 3x 3 + xy = x y 3y 3 + xy = 3(y 3 x 3 ) = y = x x 3 3x + x = x(x 3x + ) = x(x )(x ) = y = x (x, y) = (, ), (, ), (/, /) (, ) f xx (x, y) = y 6x f yy (x, y) = x 6y f xy (x, y) = 4xy + (, ) A = B = H = (, ) A = B = 4 H = 5 = ( 4) ( 4) 5 = 9 > (/, /) A = B = 5/ H = = ( 5/) ( 5/) = 9/4 > /6 : y = x x = y f(x, y) = (x y) (y x) f(x, y)

25 f(x, y) = (x y) f x (x, y) = x y f y (x, y) = y x x = y f xx (x, y) = f yy (x, y) = f xy (x, y) = = ( ) = x y = t f(x, y) = t t = y = x : f(x, y) = x y f(x, y) = (y x )(y x ) = f x (x, y) = x(4x 3y) f y (x, y) = y 3x f x = x = y = (4/3)x f y = y = f y = 8 3 x 3x = 3 x = x = (, ) f xx (x, y) = 6(4x y) f yy (x, y) = f xy (x, y) = 6x (, ) = = x = f(x, y) f(, y) = y y = mx f(x, y) = (mx x )(mx x ) = x (m x)(m x) x x < m x (m x) (m x) x f(x, y) > f(, ) = (, ) f(x, y) (, ) x < y < x f(x, y) < y < x, y > x f(x, y) > (, ) (, ) (, ) y = ( + α)x ( < α < ) f(x, y) f(x, y) = (y x )(y x ) = αx (α )x = α(α )x 4 α(α ) < x = (, ) (, ) 5

26 f(x, y) = sin x cos y f x (x, y) = cos x cos y f y (x, y) = sin x sin y f x = cos x = cos y = x = π + nπ y = π + mπ n, m f y = sin x = sin y = x = nπ y = mπ ( π ) (x, y) = nπ, + mπ ( π ) (x, y) = + nπ, mπ... (A)... (B) f xx (x, y) = f yy (x, y) = sin x cos y f xy (x, y) = cos x sin y = ( sin x cos y) ( cos x sin y) = (cos x sin y + sin x cos y)(sin x cos y cos x sin y) = sin(x + y) sin(x y) ( sin (n + m)π + π ) ( sin (n m)π π ) sin ( (n + m)π + π ) ( sin (n m)π + π )... (A )... (B ) sin ± n + m, n m (A ) sin + = < (B ) sin + = > m + n 53

27 a b = b a 5.. y = f(x) a x dx y dy dy = f (a)dx ( ) f dy df dx, dy xy (a, f(a)) ( ) y = f(x) dx, dy f (a) ( ) dx dy dx = f (a) ( ) dy = dy dx dx dx, dy dy dy, dx dx x = a a f(x) f (a), f (x) dy df(a) dx, x=a dx 54

28 : d d f(x) f(x) dx dx dn f n dxn ( ) n d f(x) dx z = g(y), y = f(x), h(x) = g(f(x)) h (x) = g (f(x))f (x) dz dx = dz dy dy dx y = f(x) dy dz = g (y)dy dy = f (x)dx dy dz = g (y)f (x)dx = g (f(x))f (x)dx dx z y y x z x z = x dx dy dy dx = dx dx = dx dy = dy dx dy = f (x)dx f (x) y x x y dx = f (x) dy 55

29 5..3 z = f(x, y) (x, y) dz = f x (x, y)dx + f y (x, y)dy = z z dx + x y dy ( ) df = f f dx + dy x y dx dz dx = z x + z dy y dx dx dx = dy x y dx dy dx = dz dx = z x y z x z x y x y = ax + b dz dx = z x + a z y y = ax + b x z x z z xy a y ( ) (f x, f y ) (dx, dy) x = (x, y) f (x) = (f x, f y ) dx = (dx, dy) x, y x y ( ) dz = f (x) dx ( ) ( ) dx dz dx = f (x) dz = dz dx dx f (x) f gradf grad (gradient) 5..4 z = f(x, y) x, y t x = x(t), y = y(t) z t f (t) + a 56

30 z = f(x, y) = f(x(t), y(t)) = f (t) dz = f x (x, y)dx + f y (x, y)dy = z z dx + x y dy dx = x (t)dt = dx dt dt dy = y (t)dt = dy dt dt dz = f x (x, y)x (t)dt+f y (x, y)y (t)dt = {f x (x, y)x (t)+f y (x, y)y (t)}dt = ( ) z = f (t) dt {f (t)} = dz dt z == x dx dt + z y dy dt ( z x dx dt + z y dy ) dt dt ( ) dt 57

5.. z = f(x, y) y y = b f x x g(x) f(x, b) g x ( ) A = lim h 0 g(a + h) g(a) h g(x) a A = g (a) = f x (a, b)

5.. z = f(x, y) y y = b f x x g(x) f(x, b) g x ( ) A = lim h 0 g(a + h) g(a) h g(x) a A = g (a) = f x (a, b) 5 partial differentiation (total) differentiation 5. z = f(x, y) (a, b) A = lim h 0 f(a + h, b) f(a, b) h............................................................... ( ) f(x, y) (a, b) x A (a, b) x

More information

II 1 3 2 5 3 7 4 8 5 11 6 13 7 16 8 18 2 1 1. x 2 + xy x y (1 lim (x,y (1,1 x 1 x 3 + y 3 (2 lim (x,y (, x 2 + y 2 x 2 (3 lim (x,y (, x 2 + y 2 xy (4 lim (x,y (, x 2 + y 2 x y (5 lim (x,y (, x + y x 3y

More information

40 6 y mx x, y 0, 0 x 0. x,y 0,0 y x + y x 0 mx x + mx m + m m 7 sin y x, x x sin y x x. x sin y x,y 0,0 x 0. 8 x r cos θ y r sin θ x, y 0, 0, r 0. x,

40 6 y mx x, y 0, 0 x 0. x,y 0,0 y x + y x 0 mx x + mx m + m m 7 sin y x, x x sin y x x. x sin y x,y 0,0 x 0. 8 x r cos θ y r sin θ x, y 0, 0, r 0. x, 9.. x + y + 0. x,y, x,y, x r cos θ y r sin θ xy x y x,y 0,0 4. x, y 0, 0, r 0. xy x + y r 0 r cos θ sin θ r cos θ sin θ θ 4 y mx x, y 0, 0 x 0. x,y 0,0 x x + y x 0 x x + mx + m m x r cos θ 5 x, y 0, 0,

More information

II A A441 : October 02, 2014 Version : Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotaka )

II A A441 : October 02, 2014 Version : Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotaka ) II 214-1 : October 2, 214 Version : 1.1 Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotaka ) http://www.math.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~kawahira/courses/14w-biseki.html pdf 1 2 1 9 1 16 1 23 1 3 11 6 11 13 11 2 11 27 12 4 12 11

More information

CALCULUS II (Hiroshi SUZUKI ) f(x, y) A(a, b) 1. P (x, y) A(a, b) A(a, b) f(x, y) c f(x, y) A(a, b) c f(x, y) c f(x, y) c (x a, y b)

CALCULUS II (Hiroshi SUZUKI ) f(x, y) A(a, b) 1. P (x, y) A(a, b) A(a, b) f(x, y) c f(x, y) A(a, b) c f(x, y) c f(x, y) c (x a, y b) CALCULUS II (Hiroshi SUZUKI ) 16 1 1 1.1 1.1 f(x, y) A(a, b) 1. P (x, y) A(a, b) A(a, b) f(x, y) c f(x, y) A(a, b) c f(x, y) c f(x, y) c (x a, y b) lim f(x, y) = lim f(x, y) = lim f(x, y) = c. x a, y b

More information

v er.1/ c /(21)

v er.1/ c /(21) 12 -- 1 1 2009 1 17 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 2 2 2 1-5 1 1-6 1 1-7 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-5 1-6 1-7 c 2011 1/(21) 12 -- 1 -- 1 1--1 1--1--1 1 2009 1 n n α { n } α α { n } lim n = α, n α n n ε n > N n α < ε N {1, 1,

More information

.1 z = e x +xy y z y 1 1 x 0 1 z x y α β γ z = αx + βy + γ (.1) ax + by + cz = d (.1') a, b, c, d x-y-z (a, b, c). x-y-z 3 (0,

.1 z = e x +xy y z y 1 1 x 0 1 z x y α β γ z = αx + βy + γ (.1) ax + by + cz = d (.1') a, b, c, d x-y-z (a, b, c). x-y-z 3 (0, .1.1 Y K L Y = K 1 3 L 3 L K K (K + ) 1 1 3 L 3 K 3 L 3 K 0 (K + K) 1 3 L 3 K 1 3 L 3 lim K 0 K = L (K + K) 1 3 K 1 3 3 lim K 0 K = 1 3 K 3 L 3 z = f(x, y) x y z x-y-z.1 z = e x +xy y 3 x-y ( ) z 0 f(x,

More information

I, II 1, A = A 4 : 6 = max{ A, } A A 10 10%

I, II 1, A = A 4 : 6 = max{ A, } A A 10 10% 1 2006.4.17. A 3-312 tel: 092-726-4774, e-mail: hara@math.kyushu-u.ac.jp, http://www.math.kyushu-u.ac.jp/ hara/lectures/lectures-j.html Office hours: B A I ɛ-δ ɛ-δ 1. 2. A 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2. ɛ-δ 1. ɛ-n

More information

M3 x y f(x, y) (= x) (= y) x + y f(x, y) = x + y + *. f(x, y) π y f(x, y) x f(x + x, y) f(x, y) lim x x () f(x,y) x 3 -

M3 x y f(x, y) (= x) (= y) x + y f(x, y) = x + y + *. f(x, y) π y f(x, y) x f(x + x, y) f(x, y) lim x x () f(x,y) x 3 - M3............................................................................................ 3.3................................................... 3 6........................................... 6..........................................

More information

DVIOUT

DVIOUT A. A. A-- [ ] f(x) x = f 00 (x) f 0 () =0 f 00 () > 0= f(x) x = f 00 () < 0= f(x) x = A--2 [ ] f(x) D f 00 (x) > 0= y = f(x) f 00 (x) < 0= y = f(x) P (, f()) f 00 () =0 A--3 [ ] y = f(x) [, b] x = f (y)

More information

D xy D (x, y) z = f(x, y) f D (2 ) (x, y, z) f R z = 1 x 2 y 2 {(x, y); x 2 +y 2 1} x 2 +y 2 +z 2 = 1 1 z (x, y) R 2 z = x 2 y

D xy D (x, y) z = f(x, y) f D (2 ) (x, y, z) f R z = 1 x 2 y 2 {(x, y); x 2 +y 2 1} x 2 +y 2 +z 2 = 1 1 z (x, y) R 2 z = x 2 y 5 5. 2 D xy D (x, y z = f(x, y f D (2 (x, y, z f R 2 5.. z = x 2 y 2 {(x, y; x 2 +y 2 } x 2 +y 2 +z 2 = z 5.2. (x, y R 2 z = x 2 y + 3 (2,,, (, 3,, 3 (,, 5.3 (. (3 ( (a, b, c A : (x, y, z P : (x, y, x

More information

mugensho.dvi

mugensho.dvi 1 1 f (t) lim t a f (t) = 0 f (t) t a 1.1 (1) lim(t 1) 2 = 0 t 1 (t 1) 2 t 1 (2) lim(t 1) 3 = 0 t 1 (t 1) 3 t 1 2 f (t), g(t) t a lim t a f (t) g(t) g(t) f (t) = o(g(t)) (t a) = 0 f (t) (t 1) 3 1.2 lim

More information

1 No.1 5 C 1 I III F 1 F 2 F 1 F 2 2 Φ 2 (t) = Φ 1 (t) Φ 1 (t t). = Φ 1(t) t = ( 1.5e 0.5t 2.4e 4t 2e 10t ) τ < 0 t > τ Φ 2 (t) < 0 lim t Φ 2 (t) = 0

1 No.1 5 C 1 I III F 1 F 2 F 1 F 2 2 Φ 2 (t) = Φ 1 (t) Φ 1 (t t). = Φ 1(t) t = ( 1.5e 0.5t 2.4e 4t 2e 10t ) τ < 0 t > τ Φ 2 (t) < 0 lim t Φ 2 (t) = 0 1 No.1 5 C 1 I III F 1 F 2 F 1 F 2 2 Φ 2 (t) = Φ 1 (t) Φ 1 (t t). = Φ 1(t) t = ( 1.5e 0.5t 2.4e 4t 2e 10t ) τ < 0 t > τ Φ 2 (t) < 0 lim t Φ 2 (t) = 0 0 < t < τ I II 0 No.2 2 C x y x y > 0 x 0 x > b a dx

More information

6. Euler x

6. Euler x ...............................................................................3......................................... 4.4................................... 5.5......................................

More information

http://www2.math.kyushu-u.ac.jp/~hara/lectures/lectures-j.html 2 N(ε 1 ) N(ε 2 ) ε 1 ε 2 α ε ε 2 1 n N(ɛ) N ɛ ɛ- (1.1.3) n > N(ɛ) a n α < ɛ n N(ɛ) a n

http://www2.math.kyushu-u.ac.jp/~hara/lectures/lectures-j.html 2 N(ε 1 ) N(ε 2 ) ε 1 ε 2 α ε ε 2 1 n N(ɛ) N ɛ ɛ- (1.1.3) n > N(ɛ) a n α < ɛ n N(ɛ) a n http://www2.math.kyushu-u.ac.jp/~hara/lectures/lectures-j.html 1 1 1.1 ɛ-n 1 ɛ-n lim n a n = α n a n α 2 lim a n = 1 n a k n n k=1 1.1.7 ɛ-n 1.1.1 a n α a n n α lim n a n = α ɛ N(ɛ) n > N(ɛ) a n α < ɛ

More information

x = a 1 f (a r, a + r) f(a) r a f f(a) 2 2. (a, b) 2 f (a, b) r f(a, b) r (a, b) f f(a, b)

x = a 1 f (a r, a + r) f(a) r a f f(a) 2 2. (a, b) 2 f (a, b) r f(a, b) r (a, b) f f(a, b) 2011 I 2 II III 17, 18, 19 7 7 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1.1.............................. 2 1.2 : 1.................... 4 1.2.1 2............................... 5 1.3 : 2.................... 5 1.3.1 2.....................................

More information

II (10 4 ) 1. p (x, y) (a, b) ε(x, y; a, b) 0 f (x, y) f (a, b) A, B (6.5) y = b f (x, b) f (a, b) x a = A + ε(x, b; a, b) x a 2 x a 0 A = f x (

II (10 4 ) 1. p (x, y) (a, b) ε(x, y; a, b) 0 f (x, y) f (a, b) A, B (6.5) y = b f (x, b) f (a, b) x a = A + ε(x, b; a, b) x a 2 x a 0 A = f x ( II (1 4 ) 1. p.13 1 (x, y) (a, b) ε(x, y; a, b) f (x, y) f (a, b) A, B (6.5) y = b f (x, b) f (a, b) x a = A + ε(x, b; a, b) x a x a A = f x (a, b) y x 3 3y 3 (x, y) (, ) f (x, y) = x + y (x, y) = (, )

More information

211 kotaro@math.titech.ac.jp 1 R *1 n n R n *2 R n = {(x 1,..., x n ) x 1,..., x n R}. R R 2 R 3 R n R n R n D D R n *3 ) (x 1,..., x n ) f(x 1,..., x n ) f D *4 n 2 n = 1 ( ) 1 f D R n f : D R 1.1. (x,

More information

i 6 3 ii 3 7 8 9 3 6 iii 5 8 5 3 7 8 v...................................................... 5.3....................... 7 3........................ 3.................3.......................... 8 3 35

More information

0 1-4. 1-5. (1) + b = b +, (2) b = b, (3) + 0 =, (4) 1 =, (5) ( + b) + c = + (b + c), (6) ( b) c = (b c), (7) (b + c) = b + c, (8) ( + b)c = c + bc (9

0 1-4. 1-5. (1) + b = b +, (2) b = b, (3) + 0 =, (4) 1 =, (5) ( + b) + c = + (b + c), (6) ( b) c = (b c), (7) (b + c) = b + c, (8) ( + b)c = c + bc (9 1-1. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,, 100,, 1000, n, m m m n n 0 n, m m n 1-2. 0 m n m n 0 2 = 1.41421356 π = 3.141516 1-3. 1 0 1-4. 1-5. (1) + b = b +, (2) b = b, (3) + 0 =, (4) 1 =, (5) ( + b) + c = + (b + c),

More information

i

i i 3 4 4 7 5 6 3 ( ).. () 3 () (3) (4) /. 3. 4/3 7. /e 8. a > a, a = /, > a >. () a >, a =, > a > () a > b, a = b, a < b. c c n a n + b n + c n 3c n..... () /3 () + (3) / (4) /4 (5) m > n, a b >, m > n,

More information

24.15章.微分方程式

24.15章.微分方程式 m d y dt = F m d y = mg dt V y = dy dt d y dt = d dy dt dt = dv y dt dv y dt = g dv y dt = g dt dt dv y = g dt V y ( t) = gt + C V y ( ) = V y ( ) = C = V y t ( ) = gt V y ( t) = dy dt = gt dy = g t dt

More information

() x + y + y + x dy dx = 0 () dy + xy = x dx y + x y ( 5) ( s55906) 0.7. (). 5 (). ( 6) ( s6590) 0.8 m n. 0.9 n n A. ( 6) ( s6590) f A (λ) = det(a λi)

() x + y + y + x dy dx = 0 () dy + xy = x dx y + x y ( 5) ( s55906) 0.7. (). 5 (). ( 6) ( s6590) 0.8 m n. 0.9 n n A. ( 6) ( s6590) f A (λ) = det(a λi) 0. A A = 4 IC () det A () A () x + y + z = x y z X Y Z = A x y z ( 5) ( s5590) 0. a + b + c b c () a a + b + c c a b a + b + c 0 a b c () a 0 c b b c 0 a c b a 0 0. A A = 7 5 4 5 0 ( 5) ( s5590) () A ()

More information

II 2014 2 (1) log(1 + r/100) n = log 2 n log(1 + r/100) = log 2 n = log 2 log(1 + r/100) (2) y = f(x) = log(1 + x) x = 0 1 f (x) = 1/(1 + x) f (0) = 1

II 2014 2 (1) log(1 + r/100) n = log 2 n log(1 + r/100) = log 2 n = log 2 log(1 + r/100) (2) y = f(x) = log(1 + x) x = 0 1 f (x) = 1/(1 + x) f (0) = 1 II 2014 1 1 I 1.1 72 r 2 72 8 72/8 = 9 9 2 a 0 1 a 1 a 1 = a 0 (1+r/100) 2 a 2 a 2 = a 1 (1 + r/100) = a 0 (1 + r/100) 2 n a n = a 0 (1 + r/100) n a n a 0 2 n a 0 (1 + r/100) n = 2a 0 (1 + r/100) n = 2

More information

f(x) = x (1) f (1) (2) f (2) f(x) x = a y y = f(x) f (a) y = f(x) A(a, f(a)) f(a + h) f(x) = A f(a) A x (3, 3) O a a + h x 1 f(x) x = a

f(x) = x (1) f (1) (2) f (2) f(x) x = a y y = f(x) f (a) y = f(x) A(a, f(a)) f(a + h) f(x) = A f(a) A x (3, 3) O a a + h x 1 f(x) x = a 3 3.1 3.1.1 A f(a + h) f(a) f(x) lim f(x) x = a h 0 h f(x) x = a f 0 (a) f 0 (a) = lim h!0 f(a + h) f(a) h = lim x!a f(x) f(a) x a a + h = x h = x a h 0 x a 3.1 f(x) = x x = 3 f 0 (3) f (3) = lim h 0 (

More information

2009 IA 5 I 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, (1) Arcsin 1 ( 2 (4) Arccos 1 ) 2 3 (2) Arcsin( 1) (3) Arccos 2 (5) Arctan 1 (6) Arctan ( 3 ) 3 2. n (1) ta

2009 IA 5 I 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, (1) Arcsin 1 ( 2 (4) Arccos 1 ) 2 3 (2) Arcsin( 1) (3) Arccos 2 (5) Arctan 1 (6) Arctan ( 3 ) 3 2. n (1) ta 009 IA 5 I, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 6 3. () Arcsin ( (4) Arccos ) 3 () Arcsin( ) (3) Arccos (5) Arctan (6) Arctan ( 3 ) 3. n () tan x (nπ π/, nπ + π/) f n (x) f n (x) fn (x) Arctan x () sin x [nπ π/, nπ +π/] g n

More information

( 12 ( ( ( ( Levi-Civita grad div rot ( ( = 4 : 6 3 1 1.1 f(x n f (n (x, d n f(x (1.1 dxn f (2 (x f (x 1.1 f(x = e x f (n (x = e x d dx (fg = f g + fg (1.2 d dx d 2 dx (fg = f g + 2f g + fg 2... d n n

More information

1

1 1 1 7 1.1.................................. 11 2 13 2.1............................ 13 2.2............................ 17 2.3.................................. 19 3 21 3.1.............................

More information

( ) a, b c a 2 + b 2 = c 2. 2 1 2 2 : 2 2 = p q, p, q 2q 2 = p 2. p 2 p 2 2 2 q 2 p, q (QED)

( ) a, b c a 2 + b 2 = c 2. 2 1 2 2 : 2 2 = p q, p, q 2q 2 = p 2. p 2 p 2 2 2 q 2 p, q (QED) rational number p, p, (q ) q ratio 3.14 = 3 + 1 10 + 4 100 ( ) a, b c a 2 + b 2 = c 2. 2 1 2 2 : 2 2 = p q, p, q 2q 2 = p 2. p 2 p 2 2 2 q 2 p, q (QED) ( a) ( b) a > b > 0 a < nb n A A B B A A, B B A =

More information

(3) (2),,. ( 20) ( s200103) 0.7 x C,, x 2 + y 2 + ax = 0 a.. D,. D, y C, C (x, y) (y 0) C m. (2) D y = y(x) (x ± y 0), (x, y) D, m, m = 1., D. (x 2 y

(3) (2),,. ( 20) ( s200103) 0.7 x C,, x 2 + y 2 + ax = 0 a.. D,. D, y C, C (x, y) (y 0) C m. (2) D y = y(x) (x ± y 0), (x, y) D, m, m = 1., D. (x 2 y [ ] 7 0.1 2 2 + y = t sin t IC ( 9) ( s090101) 0.2 y = d2 y 2, y = x 3 y + y 2 = 0 (2) y + 2y 3y = e 2x 0.3 1 ( y ) = f x C u = y x ( 15) ( s150102) [ ] y/x du x = Cexp f(u) u (2) x y = xey/x ( 16) ( s160101)

More information

I, II 1, 2 ɛ-δ 100 A = A 4 : 6 = max{ A, } A A 10

I, II 1, 2 ɛ-δ 100 A = A 4 : 6 = max{ A, } A A 10 1 2007.4.13. A 3-312 tel: 092-726-4774, e-mail: hara@math.kyushu-u.ac.jp, http://www.math.kyushu-u.ac.jp/ hara/lectures/lectures-j.html Office hours: B A I ɛ-δ ɛ-δ 1. 2. A 0. 1. 1. 2. 3. 2. ɛ-δ 1. ɛ-n

More information

1/1 lim f(x, y) (x,y) (a,b) ( ) ( ) lim limf(x, y) lim lim f(x, y) x a y b y b x a ( ) ( ) xy x lim lim lim lim x y x y x + y y x x + y x x lim x x 1

1/1 lim f(x, y) (x,y) (a,b) ( ) ( ) lim limf(x, y) lim lim f(x, y) x a y b y b x a ( ) ( ) xy x lim lim lim lim x y x y x + y y x x + y x x lim x x 1 1/5 ( ) Taylor ( 7.1) (x, y) f(x, y) f(x, y) x + y, xy, e x y,... 1 R {(x, y) x, y R} f(x, y) x y,xy e y log x,... R {(x, y, z) (x, y),z f(x, y)} R 3 z 1 (x + y ) z ax + by + c x 1 z ax + by + c y x +

More information

, x R, f (x),, df dx : R R,, f : R R, f(x) ( ).,, f (a) d f dx (a), f (a) d3 f dx 3 (a),, f (n) (a) dn f dx n (a), f d f dx, f d3 f dx 3,, f (n) dn f

, x R, f (x),, df dx : R R,, f : R R, f(x) ( ).,, f (a) d f dx (a), f (a) d3 f dx 3 (a),, f (n) (a) dn f dx n (a), f d f dx, f d3 f dx 3,, f (n) dn f ,,,,.,,,. R f : R R R a R, f(a + ) f(a) lim 0 (), df dx (a) f (a), f(x) x a, f (a), f(x) x a ( ). y f(a + ) y f(x) f(a+) f(a) f(a + ) f(a) f(a) x a 0 a a + x 0 a a + x y y f(x) 0 : 0, f(a+) f(a)., f(x)

More information

i 18 2H 2 + O 2 2H 2 + ( ) 3K

i 18 2H 2 + O 2 2H 2 + ( ) 3K i 18 2H 2 + O 2 2H 2 + ( ) 3K ii 1 1 1.1.................................. 1 1.2........................................ 3 1.3......................................... 3 1.4....................................

More information

5 36 5................................................... 36 5................................................... 36 5.3..............................

5 36 5................................................... 36 5................................................... 36 5.3.............................. 9 8 3............................................. 3.......................................... 4.3............................................ 4 5 3 6 3..................................................

More information

2 p T, Q

2 p T, Q 270 C, 6000 C, 2 p T, Q p: : p = N/ m 2 N/ m 2 Pa : pdv p S F Q 1 g 1 1 g 1 14.5 C 15.5 1 1 cal = 4.1855 J du = Q pdv U ( ) Q pdv 2 : z = f(x, y). z = f(x, y) (x 0, y 0 ) y y = y 0 z = f(x, y 0 ) x x =

More information

(1) (2) (3) (4) HB B ( ) (5) (6) (7) 40 (8) (9) (10)

(1) (2) (3) (4) HB B ( ) (5) (6) (7) 40 (8) (9) (10) 2017 12 9 4 1 30 4 10 3 1 30 3 30 2 1 30 2 50 1 1 30 2 10 (1) (2) (3) (4) HB B ( ) (5) (6) (7) 40 (8) (9) (10) (1) i 23 c 23 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b d e f g h i (2) 23 23 (3) 23 ( 23 ) 23 x 1 x 2 23 x

More information

18 ( ) I II III A B C(100 ) 1, 2, 3, 5 I II A B (100 ) 1, 2, 3 I II A B (80 ) 6 8 I II III A B C(80 ) 1 n (1 + x) n (1) n C 1 + n C

18 ( ) I II III A B C(100 ) 1, 2, 3, 5 I II A B (100 ) 1, 2, 3 I II A B (80 ) 6 8 I II III A B C(80 ) 1 n (1 + x) n (1) n C 1 + n C 8 ( ) 8 5 4 I II III A B C( ),,, 5 I II A B ( ),, I II A B (8 ) 6 8 I II III A B C(8 ) n ( + x) n () n C + n C + + n C n = 7 n () 7 9 C : y = x x A(, 6) () A C () C P AP Q () () () 4 A(,, ) B(,, ) C(,,

More information

7. y fx, z gy z gfx dz dx dz dy dy dx. g f a g bf a b fa 7., chain ule Ω, D R n, R m a Ω, f : Ω R m, g : D R l, fω D, b fa, f a g b g f a g f a g bf a

7. y fx, z gy z gfx dz dx dz dy dy dx. g f a g bf a b fa 7., chain ule Ω, D R n, R m a Ω, f : Ω R m, g : D R l, fω D, b fa, f a g b g f a g f a g bf a 9 203 6 7 WWW http://www.math.meiji.ac.jp/~mk/lectue/tahensuu-203/ 2 8 8 7. 7 7. y fx, z gy z gfx dz dx dz dy dy dx. g f a g bf a b fa 7., chain ule Ω, D R n, R m a Ω, f : Ω R m, g : D R l, fω D, b fa,

More information

B 38 1 (x, y), (x, y, z) (x 1, x 2 ) (x 1, x 2, x 3 ) 2 : x 2 + y 2 = 1. (parameter) x = cos t, y = sin t. y = f(x) r(t) = (x(t), y(t), z(t)), a t b.

B 38 1 (x, y), (x, y, z) (x 1, x 2 ) (x 1, x 2, x 3 ) 2 : x 2 + y 2 = 1. (parameter) x = cos t, y = sin t. y = f(x) r(t) = (x(t), y(t), z(t)), a t b. 2009 7 9 1 2 2 2 3 6 4 9 5 14 6 18 7 23 8 25 9 26 10 29 11 32 12 35 A 37 1 B 38 1 (x, y), (x, y, z) (x 1, x 2 ) (x 1, x 2, x 3 ) 2 : x 2 + y 2 = 1. (parameter) x = cos t, y = sin t. y = f(x) r(t) = (x(t),

More information

1.1 ft t 2 ft = t 2 ft+ t = t+ t 2 1.1 d t 2 t + t 2 t 2 = lim t 0 t = lim t 0 = lim t 0 t 2 + 2t t + t 2 t 2 t + t 2 t 2t t + t 2 t 2t + t = lim t 0

1.1 ft t 2 ft = t 2 ft+ t = t+ t 2 1.1 d t 2 t + t 2 t 2 = lim t 0 t = lim t 0 = lim t 0 t 2 + 2t t + t 2 t 2 t + t 2 t 2t t + t 2 t 2t + t = lim t 0 A c 2008 by Kuniaki Nakamitsu 1 1.1 t 2 sin t, cos t t ft t t vt t xt t + t xt + t xt + t xt t vt = xt + t xt t t t vt xt + t xt vt = lim t 0 t lim t 0 t 0 vt = dxt ft dft dft ft + t ft = lim t 0 t 1.1

More information

2014 S hara/lectures/lectures-j.html r 1 S phone: ,

2014 S hara/lectures/lectures-j.html r 1 S phone: , 14 S1-1+13 http://www.math.kyushu-u.ac.jp/ hara/lectures/lectures-j.html r 1 S1-1+13 14.4.11. 19 phone: 9-8-4441, e-mail: hara@math.kyushu-u.ac.jp Office hours: 1 4/11 web download. I. 1. ϵ-δ 1. 3.1, 3..

More information

f : R R f(x, y) = x + y axy f = 0, x + y axy = 0 y 直線 x+y+a=0 に漸近し 原点で交叉する美しい形をしている x +y axy=0 X+Y+a=0 o x t x = at 1 + t, y = at (a > 0) 1 + t f(x, y

f : R R f(x, y) = x + y axy f = 0, x + y axy = 0 y 直線 x+y+a=0 に漸近し 原点で交叉する美しい形をしている x +y axy=0 X+Y+a=0 o x t x = at 1 + t, y = at (a > 0) 1 + t f(x, y 017 8 10 f : R R f(x) = x n + x n 1 + 1, f(x) = sin 1, log x x n m :f : R n R m z = f(x, y) R R R R, R R R n R m R n R m R n R m f : R R f (x) = lim h 0 f(x + h) f(x) h f : R n R m m n M Jacobi( ) m n

More information

Acrobat Distiller, Job 128

Acrobat Distiller, Job 128 (2 ) 2 < > ( ) f x (x, y) 2x 3+y f y (x, y) x 2y +2 f(3, 2) f x (3, 2) 5 f y (3, 2) L y 2 z 5x 5 ` x 3 z y 2 2 2 < > (2 ) f(, 2) 7 f x (x, y) 2x y f x (, 2),f y (x, y) x +4y,f y (, 2) 7 z (x ) + 7(y 2)

More information

x () g(x) = f(t) dt f(x), F (x) 3x () g(x) g (x) f(x), F (x) (3) h(x) = x 3x tf(t) dt.9 = {(x, y) ; x, y, x + y } f(x, y) = xy( x y). h (x) f(x), F (x

x () g(x) = f(t) dt f(x), F (x) 3x () g(x) g (x) f(x), F (x) (3) h(x) = x 3x tf(t) dt.9 = {(x, y) ; x, y, x + y } f(x, y) = xy( x y). h (x) f(x), F (x [ ] IC. f(x) = e x () f(x) f (x) () lim f(x) lim f(x) x + x (3) lim f(x) lim f(x) x + x (4) y = f(x) ( ) ( s46). < a < () a () lim a log xdx a log xdx ( ) n (3) lim log k log n n n k=.3 z = log(x + y ),

More information

No2 4 y =sinx (5) y = p sin(2x +3) (6) y = 1 tan(3x 2) (7) y =cos 2 (4x +5) (8) y = cos x 1+sinx 5 (1) y =sinx cos x 6 f(x) = sin(sin x) f 0 (π) (2) y

No2 4 y =sinx (5) y = p sin(2x +3) (6) y = 1 tan(3x 2) (7) y =cos 2 (4x +5) (8) y = cos x 1+sinx 5 (1) y =sinx cos x 6 f(x) = sin(sin x) f 0 (π) (2) y No1 1 (1) 2 f(x) =1+x + x 2 + + x n, g(x) = 1 (n +1)xn + nx n+1 (1 x) 2 x 6= 1 f 0 (x) =g(x) y = f(x)g(x) y 0 = f 0 (x)g(x)+f(x)g 0 (x) 3 (1) y = x2 x +1 x (2) y = 1 g(x) y0 = g0 (x) {g(x)} 2 (2) y = µ

More information

x ( ) x dx = ax

x ( ) x dx = ax x ( ) x dx = ax 1 dx = a x log x = at + c x(t) = e at C (C = e c ) a > 0 t a < 0 t 0 (at + b ) h dx = lim x(t + h) x(t) h 0 h x(t + h) x(t) h x(t) t x(t + h) x(t) ax(t) h x(t + h) x(t) + ahx(t) 0, h, 2h,

More information

f (x) f (x) f (x) f (x) f (x) 2 f (x) f (x) f (x) f (x) 2 n f (x) n f (n) (x) dn f f (x) dx n dn dx n D n f (x) n C n C f (x) x = a 1 f (x) x = a x >

f (x) f (x) f (x) f (x) f (x) 2 f (x) f (x) f (x) f (x) 2 n f (x) n f (n) (x) dn f f (x) dx n dn dx n D n f (x) n C n C f (x) x = a 1 f (x) x = a x > 5.1 1. x = a f (x) a x h f (a + h) f (a) h (5.1) h 0 f (x) x = a f +(a) f (a + h) f (a) = lim h +0 h (5.2) x h h 0 f (a) f (a + h) f (a) f (a h) f (a) = lim = lim h 0 h h 0 h (5.3) f (x) x = a f (a) =

More information

untitled

untitled 20010916 22;1017;23;20020108;15;20; 1 N = {1, 2, } Z + = {0, 1, 2, } Z = {0, ±1, ±2, } Q = { p p Z, q N} R = { lim a q n n a n Q, n N; sup a n < } R + = {x R x 0} n = {a + b 1 a, b R} u, v 1 R 2 2 R 3

More information

III No (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) x 2 3xy + 2 lim. (x,y) (1,0) x 2 + y 2 lim (x,y) (0,0) lim (x,y) (0,0) lim (x,y) (0,0) 5x 2 y x 2 + y 2. xy x2 + y

III No (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) x 2 3xy + 2 lim. (x,y) (1,0) x 2 + y 2 lim (x,y) (0,0) lim (x,y) (0,0) lim (x,y) (0,0) 5x 2 y x 2 + y 2. xy x2 + y III No (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) x 2 3xy + 2. (x,y) (1,0) x 2 + y 2 5x 2 y x 2 + y 2. xy x2 + y 2. 2x + y 3 x 2 + y 2 + 5. sin(x 2 + y 2 ). x 2 + y 2 sin(x 2 y + xy 2 ). xy (i) (ii) (iii) 2xy x 2 +

More information

1W II K =25 A (1) office(a439) (2) A4 etc. 12:00-13:30 Cafe David 1 2 TA appointment Cafe D

1W II K =25 A (1) office(a439) (2) A4 etc. 12:00-13:30 Cafe David 1 2 TA  appointment Cafe D 1W II K200 : October 6, 2004 Version : 1.2, kawahira@math.nagoa-u.ac.jp, http://www.math.nagoa-u.ac.jp/~kawahira/courses.htm TA M1, m0418c@math.nagoa-u.ac.jp TA Talor Jacobian 4 45 25 30 20 K2-1W04-00

More information

y π π O π x 9 s94.5 y dy dx. y = x + 3 y = x logx + 9 s9.6 z z x, z y. z = xy + y 3 z = sinx y 9 s x dx π x cos xdx 9 s93.8 a, fx = e x ax,. a =

y π π O π x 9 s94.5 y dy dx. y = x + 3 y = x logx + 9 s9.6 z z x, z y. z = xy + y 3 z = sinx y 9 s x dx π x cos xdx 9 s93.8 a, fx = e x ax,. a = [ ] 9 IC. dx = 3x 4y dt dy dt = x y u xt = expλt u yt λ u u t = u u u + u = xt yt 6 3. u = x, y, z = x + y + z u u 9 s9 grad u ux, y, z = c c : grad u = u x i + u y j + u k i, j, k z x, y, z grad u v =

More information

2011de.dvi

2011de.dvi 211 ( 4 2 1. 3 1.1............................... 3 1.2 1- -......................... 13 1.3 2-1 -................... 19 1.4 3- -......................... 29 2. 37 2.1................................ 37

More information

( z = x 3 y + y ( z = cos(x y ( 8 ( s8.7 y = xe x ( 8 ( s83.8 ( ( + xdx ( cos 3 xdx t = sin x ( 8 ( s84 ( 8 ( s85. C : y = x + 4, l : y = x + a,

( z = x 3 y + y ( z = cos(x y ( 8 ( s8.7 y = xe x ( 8 ( s83.8 ( ( + xdx ( cos 3 xdx t = sin x ( 8 ( s84 ( 8 ( s85. C : y = x + 4, l : y = x + a, [ ] 8 IC. y d y dx = ( dy dx ( p = dy p y dx ( ( ( 8 ( s8. 3 A A = ( A ( A (3 A P A P AP.3 π y(x = { ( 8 ( s8 x ( π < x x ( < x π y(x π π O π x ( 8 ( s83.4 f (x, y, z grad(f ( ( ( f f f grad(f = i + j

More information

f(x,y) (x,y) x (x,y), y (x,y) f(x,y) x y f x (x,y),f y (x,y) B p.1/14

f(x,y) (x,y) x (x,y), y (x,y) f(x,y) x y f x (x,y),f y (x,y) B p.1/14 B p.1/14 f(x,y) (x,y) x (x,y), y (x,y) f(x,y) x y f x (x,y),f y (x,y) B p.1/14 f(x,y) (x,y) x (x,y), y (x,y) f(x,y) x y f x (x,y),f y (x,y) f(x 1,...,x n ) (x 1 x 0,...,x n 0), (x 1,...,x n ) i x i f xi

More information

I 1

I 1 I 1 1 1.1 1. 3 m = 3 1 7 µm. cm = 1 4 km 3. 1 m = 1 1 5 cm 4. 5 cm 3 = 5 1 15 km 3 5. 1 = 36 6. 1 = 8.64 1 4 7. 1 = 3.15 1 7 1 =3 1 7 1 3 π 1. 1. 1 m + 1 cm = 1.1 m. 1 hr + 64 sec = 1 4 sec 3. 3. 1 5 kg

More information

応力とひずみ.ppt

応力とひずみ.ppt in yukawa@numse.nagoya-u.ac.jp 2 3 4 5 x 2 6 Continuum) 7 8 9 F F 10 F L L F L 1 L F L F L F 11 F L F F L F L L L 1 L 2 12 F L F! A A! S! = F S 13 F L L F F n = F " cos# F t = F " sin# S $ = S cos# S S

More information

(u(x)v(x)) = u (x)v(x) + u(x)v (x) ( ) u(x) = u (x)v(x) u(x)v (x) v(x) v(x) 2 y = g(t), t = f(x) y = g(f(x)) dy dx dy dx = dy dt dt dx., y, f, g y = f (g(x))g (x). ( (f(g(x)). ). [ ] y = e ax+b (a, b )

More information

I A A441 : April 21, 2014 Version : Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotaka ) Google

I A A441 : April 21, 2014 Version : Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotaka ) Google I4 - : April, 4 Version :. Kwhir, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotk) Google http://www.mth.ngoy-u.c.jp/~kwhir/courses/4s-biseki.html pdf 4 4 4 4 8 e 5 5 9 etc. 5 6 6 6 9 n etc. 6 6 6 3 6 3 7 7 etc 7 4 7 7 8 5 59

More information

x i [, b], (i 0, 1, 2,, n),, [, b], [, b] [x 0, x 1 ] [x 1, x 2 ] [x n 1, x n ] ( 2 ). x 0 x 1 x 2 x 3 x n 1 x n b 2: [, b].,, (1) x 0, x 1, x 2,, x n

x i [, b], (i 0, 1, 2,, n),, [, b], [, b] [x 0, x 1 ] [x 1, x 2 ] [x n 1, x n ] ( 2 ). x 0 x 1 x 2 x 3 x n 1 x n b 2: [, b].,, (1) x 0, x 1, x 2,, x n 1, R f : R R,.,, b R < b, f(x) [, b] f(x)dx,, [, b] f(x) x ( ) ( 1 ). y y f(x) f(x)dx b x 1: f(x)dx, [, b] f(x) x ( ).,,,,,., f(x)dx,,,, f(x)dx. 1.1 Riemnn,, [, b] f(x) x., x 0 < x 1 < x 2 < < x n 1

More information

23 7 28 i i 1 1 1.1................................... 2 1.2............................... 3 1.2.1.................................... 3 1.2.2............................... 4 1.2.3 SI..............................

More information

http://know-star.com/ 3 1 7 1.1................................. 7 1.2................................ 8 1.3 x n.................................. 8 1.4 e x.................................. 10 1.5 sin

More information

2012 IA 8 I p.3, 2 p.19, 3 p.19, 4 p.22, 5 p.27, 6 p.27, 7 p

2012 IA 8 I p.3, 2 p.19, 3 p.19, 4 p.22, 5 p.27, 6 p.27, 7 p 2012 IA 8 I 1 10 10 29 1. [0, 1] n x = 1 (n = 1, 2, 3,...) 2 f(x) = n 0 [0, 1] 2. 1 x = 1 (n = 1, 2, 3,...) 2 f(x) = n 0 [0, 1] 1 0 f(x)dx 3. < b < c [, c] b [, c] 4. [, b] f(x) 1 f(x) 1 f(x) [, b] 5.

More information

2.2 ( y = y(x ( (x 0, y 0 y (x 0 (y 0 = y(x 0 y = y(x ( y (x 0 = F (x 0, y(x 0 = F (x 0, y 0 (x 0, y 0 ( (x 0, y 0 F (x 0, y 0 xy (x, y (, F (x, y ( (

2.2 ( y = y(x ( (x 0, y 0 y (x 0 (y 0 = y(x 0 y = y(x ( y (x 0 = F (x 0, y(x 0 = F (x 0, y 0 (x 0, y 0 ( (x 0, y 0 F (x 0, y 0 xy (x, y (, F (x, y ( ( (. x y y x f y = f(x y x y = y(x y x y dx = d dx y(x = y (x = f (x y = y(x x ( (differential equation ( + y 2 dx + xy = 0 dx = xy + y 2 2 2 x y 2 F (x, y = xy + y 2 y = y(x x x xy(x = F (x, y(x + y(x 2

More information

<4D F736F F D B B83578B6594BB2D834A836F815B82D082C88C60202E646F63>

<4D F736F F D B B83578B6594BB2D834A836F815B82D082C88C60202E646F63> 常微分方程式の局所漸近解析 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. http://www.morikita.co.jp/books/mid/007651 このサンプルページの内容は, 初版 1 刷発行当時のものです. i Leibniz ydy = y 2 /2 1675 11 11 [6] 100 Bernoulli Riccati 19 Fuchs

More information

< 1 > (1) f 0 (a) =6a ; g 0 (a) =6a 2 (2) y = f(x) x = 1 f( 1) = 3 ( 1) 2 =3 ; f 0 ( 1) = 6 ( 1) = 6 ; ( 1; 3) 6 x =1 f(1) = 3 ; f 0 (1) = 6 ; (1; 3)

< 1 > (1) f 0 (a) =6a ; g 0 (a) =6a 2 (2) y = f(x) x = 1 f( 1) = 3 ( 1) 2 =3 ; f 0 ( 1) = 6 ( 1) = 6 ; ( 1; 3) 6 x =1 f(1) = 3 ; f 0 (1) = 6 ; (1; 3) < 1 > (1) f 0 (a) =6a ; g 0 (a) =6a 2 (2) y = f(x) x = 1 f( 1) = 3 ( 1) 2 =3 ; f 0 ( 1) = 6 ( 1) = 6 ; ( 1; 3) 6 x =1 f(1) = 3 ; f 0 (1) = 6 ; (1; 3) 6 y = g(x) x = 1 g( 1) = 2 ( 1) 3 = 2 ; g 0 ( 1) =

More information

1. (8) (1) (x + y) + (x + y) = 0 () (x + y ) 5xy = 0 (3) (x y + 3y 3 ) (x 3 + xy ) = 0 (4) x tan y x y + x = 0 (5) x = y + x + y (6) = x + y 1 x y 3 (

1. (8) (1) (x + y) + (x + y) = 0 () (x + y ) 5xy = 0 (3) (x y + 3y 3 ) (x 3 + xy ) = 0 (4) x tan y x y + x = 0 (5) x = y + x + y (6) = x + y 1 x y 3 ( 1 1.1 (1) (1 + x) + (1 + y) = 0 () x + y = 0 (3) xy = x (4) x(y + 3) + y(y + 3) = 0 (5) (a + y ) = x ax a (6) x y 1 + y x 1 = 0 (7) cos x + sin x cos y = 0 (8) = tan y tan x (9) = (y 1) tan x (10) (1 +

More information

notekiso1_09.dvi

notekiso1_09.dvi 39 3 3.1 2 Ax 1,y 1 Bx 2,y 2 x y fx, y z fx, y x 1,y 1, 0 x 1,y 1,fx 1,y 1 x 2,y 2, 0 x 2,y 2,fx 2,y 2 A s I fx, yds lim fx i,y i Δs. 3.1.1 Δs 0 x i,y i N Δs 1 I lim Δx 2 +Δy 2 0 x 1 fx i,y i Δx i 2 +Δy

More information

x (x, ) x y (, y) iy x y z = x + iy (x, y) (r, θ) r = x + y, θ = tan ( y ), π < θ π x r = z, θ = arg z z = x + iy = r cos θ + ir sin θ = r(cos θ + i s

x (x, ) x y (, y) iy x y z = x + iy (x, y) (r, θ) r = x + y, θ = tan ( y ), π < θ π x r = z, θ = arg z z = x + iy = r cos θ + ir sin θ = r(cos θ + i s ... x, y z = x + iy x z y z x = Rez, y = Imz z = x + iy x iy z z () z + z = (z + z )() z z = (z z )(3) z z = ( z z )(4)z z = z z = x + y z = x + iy ()Rez = (z + z), Imz = (z z) i () z z z + z z + z.. z

More information

.3. (x, x = (, u = = 4 (, x x = 4 x, x 0 x = 0 x = 4 x.4. ( z + z = 8 z, z 0 (z, z = (0, 8, (,, (8, 0 3 (0, 8, (,, (8, 0 z = z 4 z (g f(x = g(

.3. (x, x = (, u = = 4 (, x x = 4 x, x 0 x = 0 x = 4 x.4. ( z + z = 8 z, z 0 (z, z = (0, 8, (,, (8, 0 3 (0, 8, (,, (8, 0 z = z 4 z (g f(x = g( 06 5.. ( y = x x y 5 y 5 = (x y = x + ( y = x + y = x y.. ( Y = C + I = 50 + 0.5Y + 50 r r = 00 0.5Y ( L = M Y r = 00 r = 0.5Y 50 (3 00 0.5Y = 0.5Y 50 Y = 50, r = 5 .3. (x, x = (, u = = 4 (, x x = 4 x,

More information

A

A A 2563 15 4 21 1 3 1.1................................................ 3 1.2............................................. 3 2 3 2.1......................................... 3 2.2............................................

More information

pdf

pdf http://www.ns.kogakuin.ac.jp/~ft13389/lecture/physics1a2b/ pdf I 1 1 1.1 ( ) 1. 30 m µm 2. 20 cm km 3. 10 m 2 cm 2 4. 5 cm 3 km 3 5. 1 6. 1 7. 1 1.2 ( ) 1. 1 m + 10 cm 2. 1 hr + 6400 sec 3. 3.0 10 5 kg

More information

S I. dy fx x fx y fx + C 3 C dy fx 4 x, y dy v C xt y C v e kt k > xt yt gt [ v dt dt v e kt xt v e kt + C k x v + C C k xt v k 3 r r + dr e kt S dt d

S I. dy fx x fx y fx + C 3 C dy fx 4 x, y dy v C xt y C v e kt k > xt yt gt [ v dt dt v e kt xt v e kt + C k x v + C C k xt v k 3 r r + dr e kt S dt d S I.. http://ayapin.film.s.dendai.ac.jp/~matuda /TeX/lecture.html PDF PS.................................... 3.3.................... 9.4................5.............. 3 5. Laplace................. 5....

More information

1 1 1 1 1 1 2 f z 2 C 1, C 2 f 2 C 1, C 2 f(c 2 ) C 2 f(c 1 ) z C 1 f f(z) xy uv ( u v ) = ( a b c d ) ( x y ) + ( p q ) (p + b, q + d) 1 (p + a, q + c) 1 (p, q) 1 1 (b, d) (a, c) 2 3 2 3 a = d, c = b

More information

= M + M + M + M M + =.,. f = < ρ, > ρ ρ. ρ f. = ρ = = ± = log 4 = = = ± f = k k ρ. k

= M + M + M + M M + =.,. f = < ρ, > ρ ρ. ρ f. = ρ = = ± = log 4 = = = ± f = k k ρ. k 7 b f n f} d = b f n f d,. 5,. [ ] ɛ >, n ɛ + + n < ɛ. m. n m log + < n m. n lim sin kπ sin kπ } k π sin = n n n. k= 4 f, y = r + s, y = rs f rs = f + r + sf y + rsf yy + f y. f = f =, f = sin. 5 f f =.

More information

n Y 1 (x),..., Y n (x) 1 W (Y 1 (x),..., Y n (x)) 0 W (Y 1 (x),..., Y n (x)) = Y 1 (x)... Y n (x) Y 1(x)... Y n(x) (x)... Y n (n 1) (x) Y (n 1)

n Y 1 (x),..., Y n (x) 1 W (Y 1 (x),..., Y n (x)) 0 W (Y 1 (x),..., Y n (x)) = Y 1 (x)... Y n (x) Y 1(x)... Y n(x) (x)... Y n (n 1) (x) Y (n 1) D d dx 1 1.1 n d n y a 0 dx n + a d n 1 y 1 dx n 1 +... + a dy n 1 dx + a ny = f(x)...(1) dk y dx k = y (k) a 0 y (n) + a 1 y (n 1) +... + a n 1 y + a n y = f(x)...(2) (2) (2) f(x) 0 a 0 y (n) + a 1 y

More information

1 1 sin cos P (primary) S (secondly) 2 P S A sin(ω2πt + α) A ω 1 ω α V T m T m 1 100Hz m 2 36km 500Hz. 36km 1

1 1 sin cos P (primary) S (secondly) 2 P S A sin(ω2πt + α) A ω 1 ω α V T m T m 1 100Hz m 2 36km 500Hz. 36km 1 sin cos P (primary) S (secondly) 2 P S A sin(ω2πt + α) A ω ω α 3 3 2 2V 3 33+.6T m T 5 34m Hz. 34 3.4m 2 36km 5Hz. 36km m 34 m 5 34 + m 5 33 5 =.66m 34m 34 x =.66 55Hz, 35 5 =.7 485.7Hz 2 V 5Hz.5V.5V V

More information

Fubini

Fubini 3............................... 3................................ 5.3 Fubini........................... 7.4.............................5..........................6.............................. 3.7..............................

More information

= π2 6, ( ) = π 4, ( ). 1 ( ( 5) ) ( 9 1 ( ( ) ) (

= π2 6, ( ) = π 4, ( ). 1 ( ( 5) ) ( 9 1 ( ( ) ) ( + + 3 + 4 +... π 6, ( ) 3 + 5 7 +... π 4, ( ). ( 3 + ( 5) + 7 + ) ( 9 ( ( + 3) 5 + ) ( 7 + 9 + + 3 ) +... log( + ), ) +... π. ) ( 3 + 5 e x dx π.......................................................................

More information

I No. sin cos sine, cosine : trigonometric function π : π =.4 : n =, ±, ±, sin + nπ = sin cos + nπ = cos sin = sin : cos = cos :. sin. sin. sin + π si

I No. sin cos sine, cosine : trigonometric function π : π =.4 : n =, ±, ±, sin + nπ = sin cos + nπ = cos sin = sin : cos = cos :. sin. sin. sin + π si I 8 No. : No. : No. : No.4 : No.5 : No.6 : No.7 : No.8 : No.9 : No. : I No. sin cos sine, cosine : trigonometric function π : π =.4 : n =, ±, ±, sin + nπ = sin cos + nπ = cos sin = sin : cos = cos :. sin.

More information

,. Black-Scholes u t t, x c u 0 t, x x u t t, x c u t, x x u t t, x + σ x u t, x + rx ut, x rux, t 0 x x,,.,. Step 3, 7,,, Step 6., Step 4,. Step 5,,.

,. Black-Scholes u t t, x c u 0 t, x x u t t, x c u t, x x u t t, x + σ x u t, x + rx ut, x rux, t 0 x x,,.,. Step 3, 7,,, Step 6., Step 4,. Step 5,,. 9 α ν β Ξ ξ Γ γ o δ Π π ε ρ ζ Σ σ η τ Θ θ Υ υ ι Φ φ κ χ Λ λ Ψ ψ µ Ω ω Def, Prop, Th, Lem, Note, Remark, Ex,, Proof, R, N, Q, C [a, b {x R : a x b} : a, b {x R : a < x < b} : [a, b {x R : a x < b} : a,

More information

II Karel Švadlenka * [1] 1.1* 5 23 m d2 x dt 2 = cdx kx + mg dt. c, g, k, m 1.2* u = au + bv v = cu + dv v u a, b, c, d R

II Karel Švadlenka * [1] 1.1* 5 23 m d2 x dt 2 = cdx kx + mg dt. c, g, k, m 1.2* u = au + bv v = cu + dv v u a, b, c, d R II Karel Švadlenka 2018 5 26 * [1] 1.1* 5 23 m d2 x dt 2 = cdx kx + mg dt. c, g, k, m 1.2* 5 23 1 u = au + bv v = cu + dv v u a, b, c, d R 1.3 14 14 60% 1.4 5 23 a, b R a 2 4b < 0 λ 2 + aλ + b = 0 λ =

More information

(2000 )

(2000 ) (000) < > = = = (BC 67» BC 1) 3.14 10 (= ) 18 ( 00 ) ( ¼"½ '"½ &) ¼ 18 ¼ 0 ¼ =3:141596535897933846 ¼ 1 5cm ` ¼ = ` 5 = ` 10 () ` =10¼ (cm) (1) 3cm () r () () (1) r () r 1 4 (3) r, 60 ± 1 < > µ AB ` µ ±

More information

II 2 II

II 2 II II 2 II 2005 yugami@cc.utsunomiya-u.ac.jp 2005 4 1 1 2 5 2.1.................................... 5 2.2................................. 6 2.3............................. 6 2.4.................................

More information

S I. dy fx x fx y fx + C 3 C vt dy fx 4 x, y dy yt gt + Ct + C dt v e kt xt v e kt + C k x v k + C C xt v k 3 r r + dr e kt S Sr πr dt d v } dt k e kt

S I. dy fx x fx y fx + C 3 C vt dy fx 4 x, y dy yt gt + Ct + C dt v e kt xt v e kt + C k x v k + C C xt v k 3 r r + dr e kt S Sr πr dt d v } dt k e kt S I. x yx y y, y,. F x, y, y, y,, y n http://ayapin.film.s.dendai.ac.jp/~matuda n /TeX/lecture.html PDF PS yx.................................... 3.3.................... 9.4................5..............

More information

II Time-stamp: <05/09/30 17:14:06 waki> ii

II Time-stamp: <05/09/30 17:14:06 waki> ii II waki@cc.hirosaki-u.ac.jp 18 1 30 II Time-stamp: ii 1 1 1.1.................................................. 1 1.2................................................... 3 1.3..................................................

More information

4................................. 4................................. 4 6................................. 6................................. 9.................................................... 3..3..........................

More information

(1) D = [0, 1] [1, 2], (2x y)dxdy = D = = (2) D = [1, 2] [2, 3], (x 2 y + y 2 )dxdy = D = = (3) D = [0, 1] [ 1, 2], 1 {

(1) D = [0, 1] [1, 2], (2x y)dxdy = D = = (2) D = [1, 2] [2, 3], (x 2 y + y 2 )dxdy = D = = (3) D = [0, 1] [ 1, 2], 1 { 7 4.., ], ], ydy, ], 3], y + y dy 3, ], ], + y + ydy 4, ], ], y ydy ydy y y ] 3 3 ] 3 y + y dy y + 3 y3 5 + 9 3 ] 3 + y + ydy 5 6 3 + 9 ] 3 73 6 y + y + y ] 3 + 3 + 3 3 + 3 + 3 ] 4 y y dy y ] 3 y3 83 3

More information

微分積分学2

微分積分学2 ver. 6 8 8 f f G f fx df x fx dx fx, y f G f x, y, z z fx, y G f fx, y fx, y fx, y x a y ψy fa, y y b x φx fx, b x φx fx, y f x, b x y ψy fx, y f a, y y fx, y R x, y a x b, c y d fx, y G f xy R f x, y,

More information

5. [1 ] 1 [], u(x, t) t c u(x, t) x (5.3) ξ x + ct, η x ct (5.4),u(x, t) ξ, η u(ξ, η), ξ t,, ( u(ξ,η) ξ η u(x, t) t ) u(x, t) { ( u(ξ, η) c t ξ ξ { (

5. [1 ] 1 [], u(x, t) t c u(x, t) x (5.3) ξ x + ct, η x ct (5.4),u(x, t) ξ, η u(ξ, η), ξ t,, ( u(ξ,η) ξ η u(x, t) t ) u(x, t) { ( u(ξ, η) c t ξ ξ { ( 5 5.1 [ ] ) d f(t) + a d f(t) + bf(t) : f(t) 1 dt dt ) u(x, t) c u(x, t) : u(x, t) t x : ( ) ) 1 : y + ay, : y + ay + by : ( ) 1 ) : y + ay, : yy + ay 3 ( ): ( ) ) : y + ay, : y + ay b [],,, [ ] au xx

More information

sin cos No. sine, cosine : trigonometric function π : π = 3.4 : n = 0, ±, ±, sin + nπ = sin cos + nπ = cos : parity sin = sin : odd cos = cos : even.

sin cos No. sine, cosine : trigonometric function π : π = 3.4 : n = 0, ±, ±, sin + nπ = sin cos + nπ = cos : parity sin = sin : odd cos = cos : even. 08 No. : No. : No.3 : No.4 : No.5 : No.6 : No.7 : No.8 : No.9 : No.0 : No. : sin cos No. sine, cosine : trigonometric function π : π = 3.4 : n = 0, ±, ±, sin + nπ = sin cos + nπ = cos : parity sin = sin

More information

..3. Ω, Ω F, P Ω, F, P ). ) F a) A, A,..., A i,... F A i F. b) A F A c F c) Ω F. ) A F A P A),. a) 0 P A) b) P Ω) c) [ ] A, A,..., A i,... F i j A i A

..3. Ω, Ω F, P Ω, F, P ). ) F a) A, A,..., A i,... F A i F. b) A F A c F c) Ω F. ) A F A P A),. a) 0 P A) b) P Ω) c) [ ] A, A,..., A i,... F i j A i A .. Laplace ). A... i),. ω i i ). {ω,..., ω } Ω,. ii) Ω. Ω. A ) r, A P A) P A) r... ).. Ω {,, 3, 4, 5, 6}. i i 6). A {, 4, 6} P A) P A) 3 6. ).. i, j i, j) ) Ω {i, j) i 6, j 6}., 36. A. A {i, j) i j }.

More information

9 2 1 f(x, y) = xy sin x cos y x y cos y y x sin x d (x, y) = y cos y (x sin x) = y cos y(sin x + x cos x) x dx d (x, y) = x sin x (y cos y) = x sin x

9 2 1 f(x, y) = xy sin x cos y x y cos y y x sin x d (x, y) = y cos y (x sin x) = y cos y(sin x + x cos x) x dx d (x, y) = x sin x (y cos y) = x sin x 2009 9 6 16 7 1 7.1 1 1 1 9 2 1 f(x, y) = xy sin x cos y x y cos y y x sin x d (x, y) = y cos y (x sin x) = y cos y(sin x + x cos x) x dx d (x, y) = x sin x (y cos y) = x sin x(cos y y sin y) y dy 1 sin

More information

2 1 x 1.1: v mg x (t) = v(t) mv (t) = mg 0 x(0) = x 0 v(0) = v 0 x(t) = x 0 + v 0 t 1 2 gt2 v(t) = v 0 gt t x = x 0 + v2 0 2g v2 2g 1.1 (x, v) θ

2 1 x 1.1: v mg x (t) = v(t) mv (t) = mg 0 x(0) = x 0 v(0) = v 0 x(t) = x 0 + v 0 t 1 2 gt2 v(t) = v 0 gt t x = x 0 + v2 0 2g v2 2g 1.1 (x, v) θ 1 1 1.1 (Isaac Newton, 1642 1727) 1. : 2. ( ) F = ma 3. ; F a 2 t x(t) v(t) = x (t) v (t) = x (t) F 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 1 2 6 12 1 3 1 2 m 2 1 x 1.1: v mg x (t) = v(t) mv (t) = mg 0 x(0) = x 0 v(0) = v 0 x(t)

More information

( : December 27, 2015) CONTENTS I. 1 II. 2 III. 2 IV. 3 V. 5 VI. 6 VII. 7 VIII. 9 I. 1 f(x) f (x) y = f(x) x ϕ(r) (gradient) ϕ(r) (gradϕ(r) ) ( ) ϕ(r)

( : December 27, 2015) CONTENTS I. 1 II. 2 III. 2 IV. 3 V. 5 VI. 6 VII. 7 VIII. 9 I. 1 f(x) f (x) y = f(x) x ϕ(r) (gradient) ϕ(r) (gradϕ(r) ) ( ) ϕ(r) ( : December 27, 215 CONTENTS I. 1 II. 2 III. 2 IV. 3 V. 5 VI. 6 VII. 7 VIII. 9 I. 1 f(x f (x y f(x x ϕ(r (gradient ϕ(r (gradϕ(r ( ϕ(r r ϕ r xi + yj + zk ϕ(r ϕ(r x i + ϕ(r y j + ϕ(r z k (1.1 ϕ(r ϕ(r i

More information

webkaitou.dvi

webkaitou.dvi ( c Akir KANEKO) ).. m. l s = lθ m d s dt = mg sin θ d θ dt = g l sinθ θ l θ mg. d s dt xy t ( d x dt, d y dt ) t ( mg sin θ cos θ, sin θ sin θ). (.) m t ( d x dt, d y dt ) = t ( mg sin θ cos θ, mg sin

More information

I y = f(x) a I a x I x = a + x 1 f(x) f(a) x a = f(a + x) f(a) x (11.1) x a x 0 f(x) f(a) f(a + x) f(a) lim = lim x a x a x 0 x (11.2) f(x) x

I y = f(x) a I a x I x = a + x 1 f(x) f(a) x a = f(a + x) f(a) x (11.1) x a x 0 f(x) f(a) f(a + x) f(a) lim = lim x a x a x 0 x (11.2) f(x) x 11 11.1 I y = a I a x I x = a + 1 f(a) x a = f(a +) f(a) (11.1) x a 0 f(a) f(a +) f(a) = x a x a 0 (11.) x = a a f (a) d df f(a) (a) I dx dx I I I f (x) d df dx dx (x) [a, b] x a ( 0) x a (a, b) () [a,

More information

dy + P (x)y = Q(x) (1) dx dy dx = P (x)y + Q(x) P (x), Q(x) dy y dx Q(x) 0 homogeneous dy dx = P (x)y 1 y dy = P (x) dx log y = P (x) dx + C y = C exp

dy + P (x)y = Q(x) (1) dx dy dx = P (x)y + Q(x) P (x), Q(x) dy y dx Q(x) 0 homogeneous dy dx = P (x)y 1 y dy = P (x) dx log y = P (x) dx + C y = C exp + P (x)y = Q(x) (1) = P (x)y + Q(x) P (x), Q(x) y Q(x) 0 homogeneous = P (x)y 1 y = P (x) log y = P (x) + C y = C exp{ P (x) } = C e R P (x) 5.1 + P (x)y = 0 (2) y = C exp{ P (x) } = Ce R P (x) (3) αy

More information

Microsoft Word - 触ってみよう、Maximaに2.doc

Microsoft Word - 触ってみよう、Maximaに2.doc i i e! ( x +1) 2 3 ( 2x + 3)! ( x + 1) 3 ( a + b) 5 2 2 2 2! 3! 5! 7 2 x! 3x! 1 = 0 ",! " >!!! # 2x + 4y = 30 "! x + y = 12 sin x lim x!0 x x n! # $ & 1 lim 1 + ('% " n 1 1 lim lim x!+0 x x"!0 x log x

More information