JourVND3_08MikhailovaLO

Transcription

1 135ｨｬｨｺ4 515ｨｰ9 ｨｺ54ｨｦ9 5ｨｹｨｪｨｲ4ｨｦ5ｨｪｨ, 8, , 6ｧ8 3, 6. 32ｨC38 ｨｬ fl 6 5ｸ866 apple6 576 (86939ｹ6176) fl37639 ｹ ｦ 136ｦ39). ｨｮ ｦｷ ｹ ｦ639 ｸ863apple7 apple6ｦ633, 373fl 49apple apple9fl 93 apple9436ｦ apple6ｦ ｦ 8apple ( appleｸ8 [2, 5, 12, 15]) ｦ9fl ｹ113apple9ｹ6176 6ｦ ｦ 6ｦｸ apple6ｦ9apple6ｦ 736ｦ3 6ｦ886ｦapple6ｦ34apple7-8apple7ｨｨｨｺｨｦ5ｨｪｨｺ245ｨｪ ｨｺ25ｨ 4ｨｪ 5ｨｦ41 ｨｺ3 ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｲ4ｨｦ7ｨｦ 51ｨ 5244ｨｦ7ｨｦ ｨｨｨｦｨｪ49ｨ 2 2ｨｦｨ 72 ｨｮｨｦ ｨｦ5ｨ 9ｨｺｨｦ1ｨｦ2ｨｨｨｲ4ｨｪｨｺ4ｨｦ7ｨｦ ｨ 4ｨｪｨｺ ｦ ｦ, ｨｮ9ｹapple76 5,. 2. ｨｨ3417, ｨ. 2. ｨｰ ｨ ｸ866 apple6 576 fl apple ｨｺ24, ｦ shevelev2@mail.ru ｨｨ ｦ 6 5 apple 6ｦ1ｷ39ｸ ｨｨapple9fl36ｦ 6 5 ｹ6ｦ ｨｬ apple76 5ｸ apple762ｸ83 968ｸ833ｸ ｦ29 763apple734 6ｦ63apple7619 9apple ｦ9fl 8apple ｦ99 ｰ6apple7173ｸ93appleｸ83 93apple6673 ｱ 96ｦ 436ｦｸ83 968ｸ833ｸ ｦｹ ｦ96ｦ32fl 763apple73ｸ8 6ｦ63apple7619 9apple ｦ9fl 6ｦ 96ｦｹ934ｸ ｦ29 6 5apple3916ｦ- ｸ apple99736ｦｸ86 8apple763apple6ｦ636 5ｸ86 6 7apple6ｦ ｸ76ｦ ｨｺ3 46apple apple ｸ896 56ｦ ｷ396ｦ26ｦ. ｨｦ 6ｦapple6ｦ 6 5ｸ86716ｦfl 763apple736ｦ 6ｦ63apple7619 9apple ｦ9fl (49apple96ｦ 1apple ｦ63apple7619 6ｦ ｸ apple6ｦ ), 1737apple6ｦfl 96ｦ fl 96ｦ- ｹ ｸ8 6ｦ 36ｦ3apple9ｷ apple7 apple6ｦ929ｹ6ｦ36fl 2fl 6 77apple99736ｦ apple3916ｦ apple6ｦ apple99736ｦｸ86 6 7apple6ｦ ｦapple4892 8apple996ｦ19 26ｦ3apple6ｦ apple379fl: ｸ76ｦ ｨｺ3 8apple9 ｹ ｷ , apple6ｦ68727ｸ83 applefl ｦｹ ｦ3apple9ｷ3ｸ8. ｨｦ63apple736ｦ 6ｦ63apple ｦ96ｦ26ｦ apple7 9 8applefl fl96ｦ ｸ76ｦ ｸ9 6 57ｸ8 ｨｺ3. ｨｨ724ｹｸ 6ｦｸ ｦｸ936fl fl99 6 8apple apple6ｦ apple ｦ9fl. 12ｸ9ｹ6 5ｸ ｦ: 9apple93ｸ86 6 5ｸ896 56ｦｸ86 873ｷ396ｦ2, 6 576ｦ ｨｺ3, 6apple7173ｸ93appleｸ86 9-3apple66, 78796ｦ9, ｦ, 8apple763apple6ｦ636 5ｸ86 6 7apple6ｦ 93, 99 9apple6ｦ ｦ9, ｹ Spatial Gradient of P3 Area in the Brain-Computer Interface Paradigm E. S. Mikhailova, V. A. Chicherov,. 2. Ptushenko, I. A. Shevelev Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, shevelev2@mail.ru In 12 adult healthy subjects we studied Brain-Computer-Interface recognition of different intended letters by the square of P3 wave in the averaged VEP. Horizontal and vertical spatial gradient of this square was studied as well as tuning acuteness of visual attention to a significant letter. High acuteness of this tuning was found (width of the tuning curve at its half height was equal to 1.6 grad) independent of the letter position on the letter matrix. Horizontal and vertical gradient of P3 were found to be very similar, but in the half of cases the first one revealed some kind of the ｰlateral inhibition ｱ: decrease of P3 square for the columns neighboring to the meaningful one. Tuning acuteness was found to be reliable and directly interrelated with P3 square. The data are discussed in relation to selectivity of the local visual attention. Key words: human, visual evoked potentials, P3 wave, Brain-Computer-Interface (BCI), recognition, letters, attention, selectivity. 6apple7173ｸ93appleｸ86 93apple66 (41ｨ ) apple ｨC 173ｸ93apple (Brain-Computer-Interface, 929 BCI) ｹ113apple9ｹ ｦ2ｸ8 17appleｸ ｦ ｹ ｦ 2fl 48apple6ｦ6 5-9fl ｹ apple ｦ39 (173ｸ93apple6ｦ39, 8apple7396ｦ39, ｸ79396fl 7 ｨB- 32

2 138apple763apple6ｦ636 5ｸ86 6 7apple6ｦ ｸ8 ｨｺ apple6ｦ33ｸ 69633ｸ8, flｸ9ｸ ｹ ｦ 8applefl37 48apple6ｦ6 52fl apple ｦ ｸ8 41ｨ ｦｸ8 6ｦ 173ｸ93apple76 7ｷ31 8apple763apple6ｦ ｹ6ｦ apple6ｦ68apple - 9fl apple ｨｴｨｴ ｦapple6ｦ13apple ｸ896 56ｦｸ83 873ｷ396ｦ276 5 (5ｨｨ) 876 8apple 6 56ｦapple ｦ 6ｦ836ｦｷ ｸ93apple ｸ8. 56ｦｸ 293apple6ｦ34appleｸ ｸ93 [1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11ｨC13, 15], ｹ37 41ｨ fl3 48apple6ｦ6 52fl3 14apple67apple73 6ｦ ｹ11apple6ｦ 173ｸ93apple6ｦ, 6 5ｸ8 7apple ｦ 6 59apple346ｦ76 126ｦ6 596ｦ34apple apple ｦ ｦ fl ｸ apple ｦ376 6ｦ (6ｦ- 8apple93apple, 8apple9 ｰlock-in ｱ 69 apple73) [2]. 5 6ｦ6 8apple ｸ8 4ｸ76 apple6ｦ 73 [1] 78966ｦ6ｦ 6apple7173ｸ93apple6ｦfl ｦ 2fl ｦ 7apple6ｦ 31636ｦ 6 5 apple6ｦ73 6 5apple39 6ｦ ｹ11apple6ｦ 173ｸ93apple fl ｸ7ｸ9 3ｸ86- ｸ ｦ ( ｰmental typewriter ｱ). 5 ｹ1376 apple6ｦ 73 ｸ827 78apple ｦ ｨｴｨｴ ｦ26ｦ ｦ639 Pz 9 86ｦapple6ｦ33appleｸ8 9apple flｷ399, 876 5ｸ846ｦｸ9ｸ79 6ｦ ｦ9fl [1]. ｨｴ ｦ [1, 2, 4, 5, 11, 15] 6ｦ ｦ3 6 57ｸ8 ｨｺ3 6 5ｸ896 56ｦ ｷ396ｦ26ｦ ｦ ｹ ｦ, ｦｸ9ｸ76 6ｦ 96ｦｹ93ｸ , 8apple ｨBfl6 52fl3ｸ86 apple, ｹ3 96ｦｹ93ｸ86 ( ｰodd ball ｱ-paradigm [15]). 9ｸ9 6ｦ637flｸ76 apple6ｦ 73ｸ8 636ｦ ｦ apple3916ｦ apple99736ｦ apple7-63apple6ｦ apple6ｦ 936ｦ 827ｸ76ｦ ｨｺ apple9373 5ｨｨ ｦ3ｸ83 763apple7-3ｸ8 9apple ｦ9fl 6ｦ 96ｦｹ934ｸ ｦ fl 6ｦ ｦ3apple9ｷ3 41ｨ. ｨｪｨｦ5ｨ 12 ｨ 68ｸ833ｸ. ｨｺ6ｦ 736ｦ 6 5ｸ8876ｦ 6 5 ｹ116apple9336ｦ apple76 5ｸ apple762ｸ839 (6 579apple6ｦ63 18ｨC ｦ) 968ｸ833ｸ839 (11 348ｹ ｦ ｸ796ｦ) 6 7apple36ｦｸ83 9apple ｹ6ｦfl3 ｸ ｹ7 ｹ139ｹ ｦ69 968ｸ8-33ｸ83 6ｦ 8apple ｹ116apple ; 4ｹ6ｦ apple6ｦ ｦｹ96 56ｦ flｷ39fl. ｨ 68ｸ833ｸ apple apple76 56ｦ76 16ｦ3apple ｹ ｸ7763ｸ9 (6 66 5/3 2 ). 46ｦ8apple ｸ ｦ apple6ｦ6637fl ｦ9 apple6ｦ6-8726ｦ6 76ｦ26fl 9686 ( 96ｦ6 776ｦｸ apple6ｦ9-3apple 97142flapple7 6ｦ 2ｸ9 6ｦ apple6ｦ9fl 67636ｦ6 52fl apple6ｦ ). 46ｦ ｹapple73 27 ｹ11apple6ｦ6ｦ 87637fl7 ｹ116879apple76 56ｦ ｸ8 apple ｦ2-26ｦ6 5936ｦ ｸ ｦ39, apple6ｦ6-8726ｦ6 76ｦ6 5496fl applefl ｦ3apple9ｷ3ｸ ﾁ 6 96ｦ176 5 (apple96. 1). 16ｦ8 6ｦfl ｦ ｸ826ｦ ｨC ｨｪ ｨｰ 4 ｨ 4 ｨｬ ｨｹ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｺ 9 ｨｲ, 5 ｨｮ ｨｴ < ｨC4 ｨC3 ｨC2 ｨｺ ｦ3apple9ｷ36ｦ ｦ176 5 apple ｦ226ｦ ｦ, ｹ116879apple36ｦfl 968ｸ apple997-36ｦｸ apple3916ｦｸ appleｸ839 8applefl ｦ ｦ39ｹ ｦ96ｦｸ8 63apple7-16ｦ ｷ ｹｸ , 67 apple86ｦｸ79 96ｦ 436ｦ4ｸ9 968ｸ833ｸ ｰ1 ｱ. 992appleｸ ｦ ｦ3apple9ｷ3ｸ ｨC apple ｷ ｸ9 1 63apple716ｦ ｷ36ｦ3, 67 apple86ｦｸ793 96ｦｹ934ｸ9 (96ｦ 436ｦ4ｸ9) ｰ1 ｱ, 177apple 96ｦ3ｸ8 1737apple76 8apple9fl3ｸ8 16ｦ1 46 5ｸ. ｨｦ ｨBfl Fig. 1. Matrix of letters and some signs of Russian alphabet. Horizontal and vertical dotted rectangles indicate row and column with significant letter ( ｰ1 ｱ). Numbers to the left and bottom of the matrix indicate the position of lines and columns relative to the significant letter taken as zero ｦ ﾀ apple6ｦ ﾀ ﾀ.886 7apple6ｦ flｷ39fl 96ｦ12ｸ9ｹ6ｦ26ｦ ｦ apple ｷ36ｦ ｹ6ｦ73 87applefl 1. 5apple7fl fl6 59fl 16ｦ ｦｹ93ｸ ｦ6 52fl26ｦ 16.7% apple6 56ｦ26ｦ ｨC 5 ﾀ1 6. ｨ 63apple41ｷ39fl: ｰ5373apple93 6ｦ ｹ11apple6ｦ, 6 7 6ｦ fl 36ｦ3apple9ｷ36ｦ apple ｦ226ｦ6 5936ｦ. ｨｨ7 963apple41ｷ399 ｹ116apple9336ｦ37apple6ｦ 96ｦ 436ｦ ｸ8 7ｸ8 6373apple3 6ｦ 9 6ｹ936ｦ3 ｹ ｱ. ｨｺ6 7963apple6ｦｷ39ｸ9 ｨｴｨｴ7 8apple appleappleｸ86 57, flapple ｹ113apple7 76 5, apple6ｦ ｸ ｨC1% (173ｸ93apple6ｦfl ｨｴｨｴ ｦ ｰNeocortex-Pro ｱ 29apple3ｸ8 ｰNeurobotics ｱ, ｨｺ7669fl) 6 ｹ6ｦ ｦ376 56ｦ9fl ｦ- 26ｦ 7ｷ3/16ｦ6ｦ2. ｨ 92apple3ｸ83 ｸ82 8apple6ｦ6 5ｸ ｹ113apple7. 578apple ｹ11-3apple apple6 5ｸ846ｦ27 5 1ｨｦ3. ｨｨ apple ｦ9fl apple6ｦ9ｹ96 56ｦ ｨC 7 7ｷ3. ｨｦ36 5 9fl Fp1 9 Fp ｦ29 2fl 173apple72fl 6 726ｦ9ｸ ｹ113apple apple6ｦ33. ｨC1 1

3 ｦ ｦ 9 apple ｦ ｨC5 ｨC4 ｨC3 ｨC2 ｨC1 1 2 ｨC2 ｨC ｨｨ ｦ 36ｦ3apple9ｷ3 ｨｨ7279 applefl 6ｦ 6ｦ 36ｦ3apple9ｷ3 ｨｺ ｨ ｦｸ86 8apple93apple 96ｦ ｸ76ｦ ｨｺ3 46apple ｨｨ 73 73apple6ｦ (6ｦ) 9 applefl 6ｦ ( ). 56ｦｸ 968ｸ ｨ.ｨ. Fig. 2. Individual example of relation of P3 square to the number of column (6ｦ) and row ( ). Data for subject I.I. 6ｦ299 6ｦｸ83. 56ｦｸ ｨｴｨｴ7 7 apple6ｦ 6ｦ3ｸ86 56ｦ apple76 7apple6ｦ336ｦ3 ｰNeocortex-Pro ｱ 9 ｰBESA ｱ (29apple36ｦ ｰMEGIS Software GmbH ｱ, 7apple36ｦ9fl). ｨｨ76 78ｸ836ｦ 8apple ｦ73 6ｦ6ｦ ｸ9ｹ6ｦ29 2apple6ｦ6 733ｸ8 ｨｴｨｴ7 6 3ｸ8ｹｸ839 6ｦapple326ｦ1-36ｦ ｹ113apple apple6ｦ29ｹ ｷ396ｦ26ｦ39 6 6ｦ ｨｬ6apple - 9 5ｨｨ 8apple ｨC35 96ｦapple326ｦ13ｸ83 73apple916ｦ3 ｨｴｨｴ7. ｨｨ27ｸ76ｦ ｨｺ3 6 5ｸ8ｹ962fl29 16ｦ apple6ｦ ｷ396ｦ26ｦ apple apple 26ｦ3 37ｹ1 appleｹ9fl ｸ8ｹ969 ｹ ｸ76ｦ 9 8apple ｸ7ｸ9 7apple96 796ｦ76 8apple76 7apple6ｦ33ｸ8, 6ｦ8966ｦ76 6ｦ fl9ｸ81 ｰMATLAB ｱ. ｨ 6ｦ33 63apple7929 1apple96 5ｸ 96ｦ ｸ76ｦ 9 87 ｹ fl 416 5ｸ apple ｷ3. 536ｦ39639ｹ614ｸ9 7 apple6ｦ ｦｸ83 8apple ｦ ｦapple96ｦｷ ｦ ｨC ｦ29 t-363 2fl 66 5fl96ｦｸ83 6 5ｸ8 7apple ｹ1229ｷ393 17appleapple2flｷ apple34 (8apple7-6 7apple6ｦ33ｸ86 86ｦ3 ｰStatistica 6 ｱ). ｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｲｨｪ2ｨｪ1 ｨ 555ｨｦ524ｨ 9 ｨｺ6ｦ929ｹ9fl 827ｸ76ｦ ｸ8 ｨｺ3 6ｦ 96ｦｹ9-3ｸ 9 96ｦｹ93ｸ ｸ ｦ36fl 9-63apple41ｷ39fl, ｹ37 6ｦ ｦ3apple9ｷ3ｸ ｦ apple3 9 6ｹ936ｦ3 ｹ fl6 596, ｨｨ 6ｦ 36ｦ176 96ｦｹ93ｸ86, apple ｹ96 56ｦ3ｸ fl6 5-2fl36fl 746ｦfl ｦfl 6 576ｦ 6 26ｦ337-63ｸ9 8916ｦ 87applefl 16ｦ ｦ 7 ｹ6ｦ ｹ96 56ｦ3ｸ 63apple ｷ3ｸ8 36ｦ3apple9- ｷ3ｸ8, 67 apple86ｦｸ79 96ｦｹ93ｸ 416 5ｸ8, 6ｦ ｦ 6 57ｸ8 ｨｺ ｦ. ｨｪ7876 7apple6ｦ29fl 36ｦ ｦ 6 57ｸ8 ｨｺ3 6ｦ 96ｦ- ｹ93ｸ applefl ｸ apple3fl3 624ｹ6ｦ6 5 36ｦ16936ｦ4ｸ ｸ76ｦ ｨｺ3 apple apple9apple76 56ｦ apple ｸ8 6 5 ｷ3-3apple6ｦ76 (Cz) (Pz) 7 26ｦ63fl ｦｸ83 624ｹ6ｦfl3 36ｦ ｸ8 ｸ ｦ ｦ apple736ｦｸ83 (Fz 9 F5z) ｦ4 6ｦｸ ｦ63fl ｦapple9fl (ｨｺ3 9 ｨｺｨｦ1). 52fl 6ｦ ｦ6ｦ2996ｦ 6 5ｸ8 9apple6ｦ ｦ16936ｦ ｨｺ3. ｨｨapple93apple ｦｸ83 8apple763apple6ｦ ｸ83 6 7apple6ｦ ｸ76ｦ ｸ8 ｨｺ3 8apple96 5-6ｦ apple96. 2, 6ｦ 9. 52fl 16ｦ ｸ ｦ ｦｹ93ｸ apple ｦ 6 7apple6ｦ- 2916ｦ ｨC 2fl 63apple71 9 2fl 6372 ｷ376 5: ｦ 6- ｷ ｦ ｸ86 56ｦ29 73apple 6372 ｷ36ｦ (6ｦ) apple7-19 ( ), apple 96ｦ3 ｨC 827ｸ76ｦ ｨｺ , ｹ37 2fl 6ｦ ｸ (ｨ.ｨ.) ｦ 96ｦｹ934ｸ ( ｰ1 ｱ) 7329ｹ6ｦ- 36fl ｦ 2ｸ9 4ｸ ｦｹ93ｸ apple93apple apple6ｦ96ｦ 16ｦ ｦ3 (6ｦ), 36ｦ applefl 6ｦ3 ( ) ｨｨapple763apple6ｦ636 5ｸ86 6 7apple6ｦ 93 ｨｺ apple ｸ83 6ｦｸ83. 46ｦ apple apple96 5 ｸ8 6apple 9 6 7apple ｸ 6ｦｸ 2fl ｸ833ｸ apple99736ｦ ｦ3apple9ｷ3ｸ8 (66 532ｸ 1apple4819), ｦ3, apple39-16ｦ (33ｸ 1apple4819), applefl 6ｦ3. ｨｨ27- ｸ76ｦ 6 57ｸ8 ｨｺ3 ｸ863apple7 686ｦ 6ｦ3 8apple9 4 6ｦ ｦｹ ｸ8 16ｦ apple99736ｦ29, 36ｦ apple3916ｦ29 (.1 < p <.1, ANOVA-Repeated Measures). ｨｴ ｸ apple7 8apple9 apple applefl 4, 6ｦ 8apple9 6ｦ63 4 6ｦ99 827ｸ76ｦ ｨｺ3 4 64ｸ fl36fl.

4 138apple763apple6ｦ636 5ｸ86 6 7apple6ｦ ｸ8 ｨｺ3 35 ｨｴ373 ｹ ｦ39639ｹ619 96ｦ fl 96ｦｹ ｸ8 6ｦ 36ｦ3apple9ｷ3 ( apple6ｦ applefl 6ｦ) 9 ｸ fl 416 5, apple6ｦ68727ｸ ｷ33apple 36ｦ3apple9ｷ3ｸ8 9 6ｦ 1apple6ｦfl3. ｨｴ apple793 46apple - 4ｸ9 1apple96 54ｸ9 96ｦ ｸ76ｦ 9 87 ｨｺ3 73 apple6ｦ687279fl applefl 6ｦ ｸ9 1 96ｦｹ9376 (apple96. 3), 6 512ｸ9ｹ apple6ｦ ｦｹ93ｸ ｦ 9 68apple6ｦ6 56ｦ 73 96ｦｹ , 6ｦ 66 5apple ｦｹ applefl 6ｦ ｨC ｦｹ93ｸ83 applefl ｨｴ213 ｰ apple379fl ｱ. 2ｸ8 6ｦ appleｸ apple6ｦ929ｹ9fl apple99736ｦ- ｸ apple3916ｦｸ83 6 7apple6ｦ 936ｦ39 827ｸ76ｦ ｸ8 ｨｺ3 (apple96. 4). ｨｦ16ｦ96ｦ27, ｹ ｹ6ｦ6 5 ( ｸ833ｸ ) apple997-36ｦ73 6 7apple6ｦ 93 8apple7fl6 5926fl ｹ1213, ｦ96 56ｦｸ86 6ｦ39 ｰ ｸ83 ｱ, 929 ｰ26ｦ3apple6ｦ- ｸ83 ｱ, 37apple3793 [7]. ｨｦ16ｦ96ｦ27, ｹ , apple6ｦ68727ｸ apple7 applefl , 67 apple86ｦｸ76 96ｦｹ934ｸ , 6ｦｸ93 344ｸ ｸ76ｦ ｨｺ3, ｹ3 7 6ｦ ｸ8 (63. 63apple219 6ｦ 6 7apple6ｦ291 6ｦ). ｨｴ373 ｹ1213 8apple6ｦ139ｹ ｦ 8apple7fl6 52fl26fl apple3916ｦ73 6 7apple6ｦ 93 ( ). ｨｦ8apple 9 763apple73ｸ8 9apple apple7-63apple6ｦ ｦ9fl. ｨｨ ｦ- ｸ83 96ｦ6 7apple6ｦ336ｦ3 96ｦ ｸ76ｦ ｸ8 ｨｺ fl 96ｦｹ ｸ8 6ｦ 36ｦ3apple9- ｷ3 apple6ｦ66ｹ93ｸ86 56ｦ29 49apple94 ｰ6ｦ63apple7619 ｱ 6ｦ 96ｦ- ｹ934ｸ ｨｮ37 ｸ ｸ9ｹ ｷ314 6ｦ- ｸ 2fl 416 5, 86ｦｸ793 6ｦ 1apple6ｦｸ9 36ｦ3apple9ｷ3ｸ8, 3ｸ8 6 5ｸ8 apple6ｦ ｦ96ｦ apple9ｸ8 1apple ｦ ｸ8673, 3.. 6ｦ apple6ｦ6637fl9fl ｦ 7 36ｦ ｦ 827ｸ76ｦ ｸ8 ｨｺ3. ｨｨapple9 ｹ ｦｹ9fl3 49apple9ｸ ｨｮ46ｦfl 763apple736ｦ 6ｦ63apple7619, apple736ｦ 8apple763apple6ｦ ｦ9fl. ｨｨ7 6apple 93 6ｦｸ83, ｹ ｦ96ｦ ｦ3, apple99736ｦ29, 716ｦ96ｦ26fl apple6ｦ6 5ｸ83.76 ﾀ.5 6 7apple6ｦ, 6ｦ 6 5 applefl 6ｦ3, apple3916ｦ29, apple7 49apple ｨC.81 ﾀ.5 6 7apple6ｦ (p =.3). ｨｪ6ｦ apple6ｦ973, appleｸ83 apple6ｦ929ｹ apple976 ｰ6ｦ63apple7619 ｱ 6 5 applefl 6ｦ ｦ3 7 6ｦapple7. 5 4ｹ373 6ｦｸ83 7 apple6ｦ6637fl ｦ39 9 applefl 6ｦ ｸ83 6 7apple6ｦ 466ｦ3 6apple 96 apple6ｦ93apple apple6ｦ 9466ｦ ｰ8fl36ｦ ｦ9fl ｱ fl3 6ｦ493 78ｸ apple6ｦ734 1apple9-3apple9ｸ9 7ｷ ｦ96ｦ26fl apple6ｦ6 5ｸ ﾀ.1 6 7apple6ｦ. 56 5fl9 49apple9ｸ8 ｰ6ｦ63apple7619 ｱ 6ｦ 96ｦｹ934ｸ ｸ76ｦ ｸ9 6 57ｸ8 ｨｺ3. 46ｦ apple96. 5, 6ｦ 8apple96 5 6ｦ 96ｦ6 7apple6ｦ336ｦ apple6ｦ696 56ｦ9fl, 922ｸ963apple9apple4ｸ9ｸ76ｦfl 7 apple6ｦ34ｸ9 66 5fl9 ｹ ｦ96ｦ36. ｨC6 ｨC5 ｨC4 ｨC3 ｨC2 ｨC ｨｨ ｷ36ｦ 9 63apple719 6ｦ 36ｦ3apple9ｷ3 ｨｺ ｨｨ27ｸ76ｦ ｨｺ3 (7 7apple 96ｦ3, 73..) 16ｦ1 1ｷ39fl apple6ｦ687279fl (66 532ｸ 1apple4819) 929 applefl 76 5 (33ｸ 1apple4819) 6ｦ 36ｦ3apple9ｷ (7 6ｦ 6ｷ3966, 96ｦ apple9- fl ｦｹ ｸ8). ｨｨapple96 5 ｸ8 6apple 9 6 7apple ｸ 6ｦｸ fl ｸ833ｸ83. ｨｦ ｨBfl Fig. 3. Square of ｨｺ3 wave (ordinate in relative units) vs. position of the columns (open dots) or rows (closed dotes) in the letter matrix (abscissa, the position of the meaningful letter is taken as zero). Mean group data and their SEM. for 12 subjects. 59 7, ｹ37 ｹ ｸ76ｦ 6 57ｸ8 ｨｺ3, apple apple96 56ｦfl 6ｦ63apple7619 (17ｹ1229- ｷ393 17appleapple2flｷ399 73apple9ｷ36ｦ3 9 apple6ｦ6 5 ｨC.4, p <.6). ｨ ｸ ｦ39, ｹ ｦ ｨｺ3 6ｦ 96ｦｹ934ｸ , apple 3 763apple 6ｦ63apple7616ｦ 6ｦ ｹ apple6ｦ ｦｸ83 6ｦ apple488ｸ8 6 apple6ｦ ｦ fl9ｸ ｦ96ｦ36. ｨｨapple ｸ 2999 apple6 7apple6699 2fl ｹ apple ｦ96ｦｸ8 8139apple ｨｦ35ｨｬ554ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｲｨｪ2ｨｪｨｦ5 ｨｨ724ｹｸ 6 5 apple6ｦ 73 6ｦｸ ｸ apple ｦ7639 9apple ｦ9fl 1 96ｦｹ ｨｴ ｦ- 3 6ｦ 7 6 5ｸ ｦ3apple9ｷ3ｸ ｦapple6ｦ apple7173ｸ93apple apple666ｦ, ｦ ｦ 6ｦ6ｦ ｸ76ｦ ｸ8 ｨｺ3 9apple ｨｨ. ｨｨapple ｦ fl3 6ｦ3 7ｷ314 apple6ｦ93apple6ｦ ｰ8fl36ｦ ｦ9fl ｱ, 6ｦ apple apple ｸ ｦ3apple9ｷ3ｸ8 96ｦ- ｹ ｸ8 6 5 ｰ6 59apple346ｦ ｸ76 36ｦ- 491 ｱ ( ｰmental typewriter ｱ) [15]. 46ｦ87393, ｹ37 apple6ｦ 8apple9 6ｦ3 4ｹ6ｦ6399 ｸ ｦ ｦ 41ｨ, flｸ9ｸ796 6ｦ 9apple6ｦ ｦ ｹ11apple6ｦ 968fl ｸ7ｸ9 3ｸ86ｸ

5 ｦ ｦ 9 apple. 6ｦ ｨC4 ｨC3 ｨC2 ｨC ｨｨ ｦ 36ｦ3apple9ｷ3 ｨC3 ｨC2 ｨC ｨｨ7279 applefl 6ｦ 6ｦ 36ｦ3apple9ｷ3 ｨｺ ｨ 6ｦ ｸ76ｦ ｨｺ apple6ｦ (6ｦ) 9 applefl 6ｦ ( ). 5apple 9 6ｦｸ fl 6 968ｸ833ｸ83. 53apple219 6ｦ 6 7apple6ｦ291 6ｦ 416ｦ9ｸ86 56ｦｸ93 6ｦ ｹ1213ｸ8 ｰ apple379fl ｱ. ｨｦ636ｦｸ 7 796ｦｹ9fl 16ｦ1 6ｦ apple Fig. 4. The same as in Fig. 3 but for 6 subjects with ｰlateral inhibition ｱ effects (shown by arrows). Graphs (6ｦ) for columns and ( ) for rows. ｨｨ72449apple96ｦ 6ｦ63apple7619, ｦ ｨｨ27ｸ76ｦ P3, 73.. ｨｺ fl apple9ｸ8 6ｦ63apple7619 6ｦ 96ｦｹ934ｸ ｸ76ｦ ｸ ｨｺ3. 46ｦ 6ｦ: apple- 96ｦ3 ｨC apple96ｦ 6ｦ63apple7619 (73..), ｦ 6ｷ3966 ｨC 827ｸ76ｦ ｨｺ3 (73..). 16ｦ8 6ｦfl 37ｹ16ｦ 6ｦ 6 7apple6ｦ291 ｨC 6ｦｸ 2fl apple73639apple76 56ｦｸ83 96ｦｹ93ｸ (n = 48). 46ｦ ｨC 633ｸ8 1apple9-6 5ｸ83 6ｦ63apple7619 2fl 626ｦ (1 9 3) ｦ26ｦ (2 9 4) apple379fl (1 9 2) (4). ｨｪ7apple379ｸ 6 7apple6ｦ 93ｸ8 6ｦ ｦｹappleｸ8. 77apple99736ｦｸ 8139appleｸ apple76 5 ｸ8 6ｦ 4apple ｦ ｦ 1ｷ399. ｨｦ ｨBfl Fig. 5. a ｨC relation of half-width at half height of tuning to the meaningful letter (ordinate in angle degrees) to the square of ｨｺ3 wave (abscissa in relative units). Each dot represents the data for one tested significant letter (n = = 48). ｨC schemes of the tuning curves for low (1 and 3) and high signals (2 and 4) without lateral inhibition (1 and 2) and with it (blackened in 4). Horizontal dofted lines correspond to.5 of the function maximum. Explanations see in the text. 36ｦ [1] apple6ｦ 73ｸ8 ｹ ｸ8 ｸ apple6ｦ ｸ8 ｨｺ3 9apple ｸ896 56ｦ ｷ396ｦ26ｦ 6ｦ 96ｦｹ93ｸ (96ｦ 4-36ｦｸ ｹ ) 9 96ｦｹ93ｸ 416 5ｸ8 ( ｰodd ball paradigm ｱ) ｦ , ｹ37 6ｦ6ｦ29-99apple36fl 64336ｦapple6ｦfl ｹ113apple9ｹ616ｦfl apple6ｦ1ｷ39fl ｦ, 66 5fl96ｦ6ｦfl 6 8apple ｸ apple6ｦ3- ｸ ｦ93 ｹ ｦ 1 96ｦ 436ｦ76 93

6 138apple763apple6ｦ636 5ｸ86 6 7apple6ｦ ｸ8 ｨｺ ｸ ｦ9 63apple ｷ apple ｹ6ｦ73 87applefl 1, 9 6 5apple7fl , ｹ ｦｸ ｹ936fl flapple ｸ8 apple6ｦ76 968ｸ833ｸ ｸ ｦ6 5 63apple ｷ36ｦ 67636ｦ6 52fl ｦ fl3 16.7%, 6ｦ 6 5apple7fl ｦｹ93ｸ83 63apple71 (6372 ｷ376 5) 6ｦ ｸ8 ｨC 83.3%. ｨｨapple9 36ｦ176 apple6ｦ99ｷ3 6ｦ 96ｦｹ93ｸ ｨｨ ｹ ｦ ｦ3 6 5ｸ867176ｦ ｸ ｨｺ3. ｨｨapple76 5 ｸ86 apple6ｦ 6ｦ6ｦ ｸ8fl ｦ9-744ｸ9 37ｹ ｦ9fl 96ｦ 436ｦｸ ｸ833ｸ apple9 7ｷ ｸ8 ｨｺ Pz, ｦ ｸ826ｦ 36ｦ1936ｦ6ｦ 87 6ｦ ｸ76ｦ 9 [1]. 5 6ｦ637flｸ76 apple6ｦ 73 ｹ139 6ｦｸ 437ｹｸ8: 716ｦ96ｦ27, ｹ37 6ｦ ｸ86 36ｦ ｸ8 ｨｺ ｨｺz 36ｦ- apple6ｦ13apple 2fl apple36 624ｹ6ｦ6 5, 6ｦ ｦ- ｸ83 7 apple6ｦ68726ｦ6 76ｦ36fl fl3 5z 9 FCz. ｨｴ37 apple6ｦ ｸ fl96ｦ7 6 33, ｹ ｦ637flｸ76 apple6ｦ 73 3ｸ8 6ｦ6ｦ2999apple76 56ｦ ｨｺ apple6 5ｸ83, 36ｦ1 6ｦ9ｸ86 56ｦ3ｸ83 3apple9apple76 57ｹｸ83 669fl3, 6ｦ 6 5 6ｦ6 8apple ｸ8 4- ｸ76 apple6ｦ 73 [1] 8apple96 5 ｸ8 6ｦｸ ｹ9ｸ9 (61717 apple96), 8apple9 1737apple apple4ｸ936fl ｹ1213ｸ8 ｹ137- ｷ3976ｦ ｦ8applefl9fl, , 6 529flｸ9- ｸ79 6ｦ 2716ｦ2996ｦｷ39ｸ9 36ｦ ｦ 6 57ｸ8 ｨｺ3. 46ｦ9 7 93appleｸ ｦｸ83 apple9436ｦ apple ｦ9fl 8apple 636ｦ6 52fl3-6fl 6 5ｸ86716ｦfl 763apple736ｦ 9apple ｦ9fl 1 96ｦ 436ｦ : 8apple9 4 6ｦ ｸ76ｦ ｨｺ3 63apple ｸ86 56ｦ3, 6ｦ 96ｦ33, ｦｸ ｦ3 929 applefl- 6ｦ3 76ｦ 87ｹ39 993fl36fl. ｨｰ9apple96ｦ 6ｦ63apple apple99736ｦ29, apple3916ｦ ｦ6 52fl apple6ｦ, ｹ apple6ｦ6637fl9ｸ applefl 6ｦ ｦ39 6ｦ ｦ3apple9ｷ3ｸ8. ｨ 37 36ｦ176 apple ｦ 827ｸ76ｦ ｸ8 ｨｺ ｦｹ applefl 4 7 ｹ96 56ｦ3 6 5ｸ8-6714ｸ9 ｹ apple6ｦ 73ｸ ｦ ｨ [1]. 5ｸ86716ｦfl 763apple736ｦ 9apple9376 6ｦ63apple7619 8apple ｦ ｹ6193 6ｦｸ83 ｸ826ｦ 78966ｦ6ｦ ｨｺ. 6apple936ｦ73 [6]. ｨｦ 6ｦ2, ｹ37 2fl ｹ ｦ9fl ｦ37ｹ- 7 apple6ｦ6637fl9fl apple6ｦ. 5 ｹ1376 apple6ｦ 73 6ｦ6 537apple 7 apple6ｦｸ76ｦ ｦ9 6ｦ 7 37ｹ4ｸ9 6ｦ63apple apple99736ｦ apple6ｦ6 5-9ｸ apple3916ｦｸ9, ｹ ｷ399, 6 5ｸ8fl ｦ493 78ｸ836ｦ3. ｨｴ39 6ｦｸ 17appleapple29apple4ｸ ｸ apple763ｸ9 ｹ3-9fl apple99736ｦ29, ｹ apple3916ｦ29 [3, 14], ｸ863appleｸ ｦ apple9 93 apple6ｦ applefl 6ｦ3 87 6apple6ｦ6 59ｸ ｦ39 [1]. ｨｪ6ｦ apple99736ｦ7-6 5apple3916ｦｸ apple6ｦ9-29ｹ9fl 8apple fl9ｸ86 56ｦｸ fl9-3 78ｸ836ｦ ｹ39fl. 5apple7fl ｦ ｨBfl- 9fl apple8 6ｦ36fl 33, ｹ ｹ116apple9336ｦ3 6 17ｷ36ｦ39 6ｦ 736ｦ 36ｦ apple99736ｦ7-6 5apple- 3916ｦｸ83 apple6ｦ929ｹ96 7 6ｦapple7 [6]. 46ｦ3 8apple 636ｦ6 52fl36fl 93appleｸ ｦｹ9-3ｸ ｦ13, ｹ ｸ8 968ｸ833ｸ apple99736ｦ apple6ｦ 934 ｨｺ3 8apple7fl6 5926fl ｹ ｦ3apple6ｦ apple379fl [7]. ｨｬｹ9-3ｸ86 56ｦfl, ｹ ｦ applefl apple ｦ ｹ6ｦ73 87applefl 1, ｹ1373 ｹ fl 7 ｨBfl93 fl apple3ｨｮ apple6ｦ636ｦ. ｨｦ636ｦ36fl 8apple , ｹ fl3 6ｦ493 78ｸ apple appleｸ8 673apple6ｦfl36fl ｦ3apple9- ｷ3ｸ8, 96ｦｹ93ｸ86 ｹ apple76 77 (6 6 5ｸ8 apple6ｦ ｸ8) 37apple ｹ133ｸ8. 5 ｹ fl ｦfl 66 5fl ｸ76ｦ- ｸ9 6 57ｸ8 ｨｺ apple7376 6ｦ63apple7619 6ｦ 96ｦ- ｹ934ｸ ｦ fl 87fl376, 36ｦ1 16ｦ1 36ｦ- 14ｸ9 66 5fl ｹ apple- 9 6ｦ63apple ｸ83 37apple ｦ apple96. 5, 6336ｦ39ｹ ｦ96ｦ7, 16ｦ fl 49apple96ｦ 6ｦ63apple7619 8apple9 apple6ｦ976 6ｦ ｦ26ｦ apple379fl (1 9 2) 9 8apple ｹ6ｦ 7-6 6ｦ ｸ ｦ26ｦ (4) apple379fl 66 5fl9 49apple9ｸ8 6ｦ63apple ｸ76ｦ ｸ8 ｨｺ3 726ｦ ｸ826ｦ ｸ8 636ｦ , 6ｦ 37apple applefl3 6ｦ63apple7614, 4346ｦfl 49apple ｨｦ51 1. ｨｨ27ｸ76ｦ ｨｺ3 9apple ｸ896 56ｦ ｷ396ｦ26ｦ ｦ ｹ ｦ 6ｦ 17apple7314ｸ ｦ3apple9ｷ ｷ36ｦ 929 applefl 6ｦ 416 5, 67 apple86ｦｸ ｦｹ934ｸ9 (96ｦ- 436ｦ4ｸ9) , apple7 6 5ｸ8, ｹ3 2fl 2ｸ ｷ36ｦ 929 applefl 6ｦ 6 96ｦｹ93ｸ ｦ39. ｨｴ37 6 5apple7 2fl 2ｸ fl 416 5ｸ8 6ｦ 36ｦ3apple9ｷ3. 2. ｨｨapple9 4 6ｦ ｦｹ ｦ 827- ｸ76ｦ ｨｺ3 4 ｸ86 56ｦ3: apple6ｦ96ｦ 6ｦ apple6ｦ6-637fl apple6ｦ, ｹ apple6ｦ6637fl- 9ｸ applefl 6ｦ ｦ appleｸ83 apple6ｦ929ｹ apple99736ｦ apple3916ｦ73 6 7apple6ｦ 936ｦ3 6ｦ63apple7619 6ｦ 96ｦｹ9-34ｸ ｦapple fl 6 77apple99736ｦ apple763apple6ｦ apple6ｦ 936ｦ ｨｺ3 7 6ｦapple ｹ apple379fl, 1737appleｸ86 6 5ｸ8apple6ｦ apple39-16ｦ73 6 7apple6ｦ 93. 4*

7 ｦ ｦ 9 apple. 4. 5ｸ8fl6 56ｦ apple6ｦfl ｦfl 66 5fl ｸ76ｦ ｸ9 873ｷ396ｦ26ｦ ｨｺ apple7376 6ｦ63apple7619 6ｦ 96ｦｹ934ｸ appleｸ8 6 5ｸ8apple6ｦ86ｦｸ93 8apple996ｦ ｦapple ｸ ｦ 87-37ｸ7 6 5 apple6ｦ 73. ｨｺ6ｦ 736ｦ 6 5ｸ8876ｦ 8apple9 ｹ6ｦ639ｹ76 87 apple apple6ｦ419 ｨｺ6 (273 6ｧ8 5; 6 7apple6ｦ3 6ｧ ; ｰｨｺ6ｦ 73ｸ8 87 8apple76 5 9ｸ9 8apple7 37-7apple939apple76 56ｦｸ ｸ ｦ ｦ9ｸ9 6ｦ4ｹ7-339ｹ ｦ 26ｦ ｦ ｸ apple939ｹ ｰｨｪ fl 979apple99 ｱ) 9 ｨｨapple76 7apple6ｦ33ｸ8 ｨｦ34 ｨｺ24 ｰ ｹ ｦ993ｸ8 apple flｷ apple6 6apple ｸ8 9 7apple6 76ｦ996ｦｷ fl 896 5ｸ ｱ. 5ｨｨｨ 5ｨｦ1 ｨ ｨｪｨｺ2ｨｪｨｬｨｺ ｸ , 16ｦapple , 2936ｦ ｦ.5., 526ｦ6 54ｷ316ｦfl 2.5., ｹ , ｨｰ , ｨｰ ｨ.2. ｨ ｦ ｦ9fl 96ｦ 436ｦｸ ｨｺ3 6 5ｸ896 56ｦ ｷ396ｦ26ｦ ｦ ｹ ｦ ｸ7ｸ9 6apple7173ｸ93apple apple666ｦ. ｨｺ apple : 141ｨC Birbaumer N. Brain-computer interface research: Coming of age. Clin. Neurophysiol : 479ｨC Bryden M.P. Left-right differences in tachistoscopic recognition as a functional familiarity and pattern orientation. J. Exp. Psychol : 12ｨC Donchin E., Spencer K.M., Wijesinghe R. The mental prosthesis: assessing the speed of a P3-based braincomputer interface. IEEE Trans. Rehab. Eng.. 8: 174ｨC Farwell L.A., Donchin E. Talking off the top of your head: towards mental prosthesis utilizing event-related brain potentials. EEG. a. Clin. Neurophysiol : 51ｨC Freeman R.D. An experience-depended aspects of human visual acuity. Developmental Neurobiology of Vision. Ed. Freeman R.D. New York ｨC London: Plenum Press. 1979: 35ｨC Hartline H.K., Ratliff F. Inhibitory interaction of receptor units in the eye of Limulus. J. Gen. Physiol : 357ｨC Kaplan A.Y., Lim J.J., Jin K.S., Park B.W., Byeon J.G., Tarasova S.U. Unconscious operant conditioning in the paradigm of brain-computer interface based on color perception. Intern. J. Neuroscience : 781ｨC Kennedy P.R., Bakay R.A.E., Moore M.M., Adams K., Goldthwaite J. Direct control of a computer from the human central nervous system. IEEE Trans. Rehab. Eng.. 8: 198ｨC Krueger L.E. Visual comparison in a redundant display. Cognit. Psychol : 341ｨC Kutas M., McCarthy G., Donchin E. Augmenting mental chronometry: the P3 as a measure of stimulus evaluation. Science : 792ｨC Nicolelis M.A.L. Actions from thoughts. Nature : 43ｨC Pfurscheller G., Neuper C., Mｨｹller G.R., Obermaier B., Krausz G., Schl2gl A., Scherer R., Graimann B., Keinrath C., Skliris D., W2rtz M., Supp G., Schrank C. Graz-BCI: State of the art and clinical applications. IEEE Trans. Rehab. Eng : 177ｨC Tinker M.A. Perceptual and oculomotor efficiency in reading materials in vertical and horizontal arrangements. Amer. J. Psychol : 444ｨC Wolpaw J.R., Birbaumer N., McFarland D.J., Pfurtscheller G., Vaughan T.M. Brain-computer interfaces for communication and control. Clin. Neurophysiol : 767ｨC791.