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1 The debate over Category 8 Cabling Cat8 ケーブルをめぐる議論 Ravi Doddavaram Psiber Data rdoddavaram@psiber-data.com ラビ ドッドラバラム氏 サイバーデータ社 Japan

2 Given: We are moving towards higher link rates 前提 : さらなる高密度リンクへ 高速イーサネットの普及 Still Not Interesting 40 Gbps (LOM) or LAG 10 Gbps(LOM) Romely for instance Virtual NICs push bandwidth requirements on Servers/Access 仮想化ニックスはサーバー / アクセス帯域幅需要を押していきます

3 40G Base-T working around the pitfalls 40GBast-T の問題点 Power Consumption 消費電力 With 28nm Technology, power consumption ratio is about 2:1 as 40GBASE-SR4 alternative 28nm 技術で電力消費率は 40GBase-SR4 代替と比較して約 2 倍 IEEE has taken this into consideration hence higher bandwidth of cabling IEEE では電力消費を考慮し ケーブル帯域幅をより高く考えています Initial per port power is 4~5 Watts, (early 10GBASE-T about 25 Watts) 1 ポートの初期電力は 4~5W( 初期 10GBaseT は約 25W) 40G Base-T Class I, 1.6 GHz 40G Base-T Class II, 1.6 GHz Source: ISO TR

4 40G Base-T working around the pitfalls 40GBast-T の問題点 Reach objective 対象の距離 Two layer Datacenter architecture, Fabric Architectures lead to MoR or EoR architectures 2 つのレイヤのデータセンタアーキテクチャ ファブリックアーキテクチャは Middle of Row あるいは End of Row 構造に進んでいく 40GBase-T for supporting 30m reach (EoR, MoR) configuration with a 30m objective 30m 距離をサポートする 40GBase-T 10GBASE-T deployment 40GBASE-T deployment

5 40G Base-T working around the pitfalls 40GBast-T の問題点 Gb/ ポートあたりのコスト 使用効率 DAC supports up to 7m but utilization efficiency is poor Direct Attached Cable は 7m までサポートできるが 使用効率はよくない Active links are expensive アクティブリンクは高額 LOM of 10G will drive cost per Gb down 10G LAN On Motherboard は Gb あたりのコストダウンを生み出す EoR vs ToR debate End of Row 対 Top of Rack の論争

6 40G Base-T Deployment scenarios 40G Base-T 展開シナリオ Traditional EoR or MoR Configurations 伝統的な EoR あるいは MoR の構成

7 40G Base-T Deployment scenarios 40G Base-T 展開シナリオ Newer Configurations, Leaf Spine etc 新しい構成 葉と幹

8 Then why Base-T even today? ToR vs EoR 今でも Base-T なのか? ToR 対 EoR Source: Aquantia

9 Source: Aquantia Then why Base-T even today? ToR vs EoR 今でも Base-T なのか? ToR 対 EoR

10 CAT 8 Cabling: Frequently Asked Questions CAT8:FAQ Why still copper networks? いまだにメタルケーブルのネットワークの意味は? Rapid adoption of 10GBASE-T 10GBase-T の迅速な移行 Cheaper than Fiber Deployment for horizontal Cabling 水平ケーブリングのファイバ導入よりも安価 When is it likely to happen? いつ頃から CAT8 Standardization work in progress; PHY definition by mid 2016 規格化の作業は進行中 ;2016 年の中頃には物理層が定義 Early adopters by 2017, depends on when NEM vendors launch the technology (Acquantia, BroadCom etc. part of the development) 早ければ 2017 年導入 ネットワーク装置メーカー (Acquantia,BroadCom 等 ) がこの技術を始めるタイミングによる How different is Structured Cabling Value Chain? 敷設されたケーブリング網と何が違うのか SI s with UTP/FTP installation background extremely relevant, but need an upgrade in skill set SI による UTP/FTP 導入は当面重要で 技能の向上も必要 Investment in new set of tools necessary, tools capable of supporting higher frequencies, connectivity etc. 新しく必要な測定器 高周波 接続性等をサポートできる測定器の開発

11 Tug of War: 2GHz or 1600 MHz which is better? 綱引き :2GHz か 1600MHz か どちらがいい? Look at the holistic picture: 全体像をみる 2GHz at what Crosstalk or Insertion loss limits? 2GHz でどんなクロストークあるいは挿入損失の規格があるのか Channel Capacity (Shannon Capacity, Margin ): チャネルの容量 ( シャロン容量 マージン ) Key for IEEE to come up with the Physical layer Specification IEEE のキーポイントは物理層の仕様を示す Both TIA and ISO limits either at 2000 MHz or 1600 MHz will comply to IEEE requirement 2000MHz でも 1600MHz でも TIA と ISO 規格両方とも IEEE の要求に適合します

12 Tug of War: 2GHz or 1600 MHz which is better? 綱引き :2GHz か 1600MHz か どちらがいい? Look at the holistic picture: 全体像をみる 2GHz at what Crosstalk or Insertion loss limits? 2GHz でどんなクロストークあるいは挿入損失の規格があるのか Channel Capacity (Shannon Capacity, Margin ): チャネル容量 ( シャロン容量 マージン ) Key for IEEE to come up with the Physical layer Specification IEEE のキーポイントは物理層の仕様を示す Both TIA and ISO limits either at 2000 MHz or 1600 MHz will comply to IEEE requirement 2000MHz でも 1600MHz でも TIA と ISO 規格両方とも IEEE の要求に適合します Connectivity 接続性 Three different types will be standardized 3 種類の違うタイプが規格化 RJ45 Enhanced/GG45 Enhanced/TERA Enhanced *Certification Tools available today support all three options 認証測定器は現在上記すべてのオプションが使えます

13 Current status of Standards 規格の現状 IEEE NGBASE-T Study Group has become the IEEE P802.3bq 40GBASE-T Task Force. Expected by Feb Work has begun in defining the PHY specification IEEE802.3NGBase-T の研究グループは IEEE P802.3bq 40GBase-T タスクフォースに変更 2016 年 2 月に予想 物理層仕様の定義作業は既に開始 IEEE is influencing alignment between TIA TR-42.7 and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 25/WG 3 on specifications for cabling systems being developed for use with 40GBASE-T 40GBase-T を実現させるため IEEE は TIA TR-42.7 と ISO/IECJTC1/SC25/WG3 と共同作業を実施している Current draft of TIA 568 C.2 for CAT 8 defined for most parameters for Channel performance CAT8 の TIA568 C.2 の現時点のドラフトでは チャネルのほとんどのパラメータは定義されました Liaison from IEC TC46/WG9 to IEC SC25/WG3 for 2GHz Field Testing draft is agreed upon 2GHz フィールドテストのドラフトについては IEC の TC46/WG9 から SC25/WG3 に主幹ワーキンググループが移っている Field Tester standard, Level 2G task group has been established フィールドテスタ規格 レベル 2G のタスクグループが設立

14 1 MHz to 2000 MHz TIA Category 8 TIA カテゴリー 8 Support for 40GBASE-T (IEEE P802.3bq) 40GBase-T(IEEE P802.3bq) をサポート Insertion Loss (IL) is critical parameter 挿入損失が重要パラメータ 30m Channel Length, 26m Permanent Link Length 30m チャネル長 26m パラメタリンク長 Approx. 55% of Channels <30m : チャネルの約 55% は 30m 未満 Improved Cat6A components RJ45 Plug / Jack (Cat 8.1) F/UTP or S/FTP Cable 2 connector configuration 2 か所の接続構成 改良された Cat6A コンポーネント Extension of Cat6A Limits to 2000MHz. Cat6A 規格の 2000MHz への延長 Additional higher performance grade based on enhanced CAT7A components (Cat 8.2) エンハンスド CAT7A コンポーネントに基づく高いパフォーマンスレベルの追加 (Cat8.2) TIA 568-C.2-1 Draft 0.9 (expected to be published in 1 year) 1 年以内に発行と予想

15 TIA Cabling for IEEE GBASE-T (draft) TIA ケーブリング IEEE G ベース T( ドラフト ) Cat MHz 新タイプ 改良 Cat6A New & Improved Cat6A Components Cat MHz 新タイプ 改良 Cat7A New & Improved Cat7A Components 30m 2 Connectors 30m 2 Connectors

16 TIA Insertion Loss Limit TIA 挿入損失規格値 Cat 8* Cat 5e Cat 6 Cat 6A TIA Cat 8 CH IL TIA Cat 6A CH IL TIA Cat 6 CH IL TIA Cat5e CH IL *CAT8 limits are based on early draft

17 ISO Cabling for IEEE GBASE-T (draft) ISO ケーブリング IEEE G ベース T( ドラフト ) ClassFA ClassFA 40G Class I Class II 1000 MHz 1600 GHz 2000 MHz 2000 MHz 規格化 Standardized ClassF A Components 規格化 Standardized Cat7 A Components 新タイプ 改良 Cat6A New & Improved Cat6 A Components 新タイプ 改良 Cat7A New & Improved Cat7 A Components 25m 30m 30m 50m 2 Connectors 2 Connectors 2 Connectors 2 Connectors

18 ISO Class I / Class II : Insertion Loss Limit ISO クラス Ⅰ/ クラス Ⅱ: 挿入損失の規格値 FA 40G* Class I* 50 F A D E E A F ISO Class I CH IL ISO Class II CH IL ISO 40G CH IL ISO FA CH IL ISO F CH IL ISO EA CH IL ISO E CH IL ISO D CH IL Class II* *limits are based on early draft

19 How to qualify or Test CAT 8 Transmission performance CAT8 伝送能力の認証と試験方法 Transmission parameters are exactly same as those of CAT6A, Class EA requirements 伝送のパラメータは CAT6A,CLASS EA 要求とほぼ同じ NEXT, RL, Insertion Loss, PSANEXT etc. Frequency of measurement should be at least 1600 MHz 周波数測定は最低 1600MHz であるべき Connecting Hardware (modules) yet to be standardized ハードウェア ( モジュール ) の接続はまだ規格化されていない ISO yet to define the component specification, but TIA is close to defining it ISO はコンポーネントの規格を定義しておらず TIA は定義間近 Field Test standard is under way in both ISO/IEC as well as TIA フィールドテスト規格は TIA 同様 ISO/IEC 両方で協議中 Disclaimer: Demonstration of CAT 8 cabling measurements to draft standards doesn t mean 40GBase-T performance demonstration! 注意 :CAT8 ケーブルのドラフト規格測定のデモと 40GBase-T のデモは別物です

20 Refresher TIA Standards TIA 規格 共通の規格前提の規格構成品の規格 Common Standards Premise Standards Component Standards ANSI/TIA 568 C.0 (Generic) ANSI/TIA 568 C.1 (Commercial) ANSI/TIA 568 C.2 (Balanced Twisted Pair ) ANSI/TIA 569 C (Pathway and spaces) ANSI/TIA 570 C (Residential) ANSI/TIA 568 C.3 (Optical Fiber) ANSI/TIA 606 B (Administration) ANSI/TIA 942-A (Datacenters) ANSI/TIA 568 C.4 (Coaxial) ANSI/TIA 1152-A (Testing of twisted pair ) ツイストペアの試験

21 Refresher TIA Standards TIA 規格 共通の規格前提の規格構成品の規格 Common Standards Premise Standards Component Standards ANSI/TIA 568 C.0 (Generic) ANSI/TIA 568 C.1 (Commercial) ANSI/TIA 568 C.2 (Balanced Twisted Pair ) ANSI/TIA 569 C (Pathway and spaces) ANSI/TIA 570 C (Residential) ANSI/TIA 568 C.3 (Optical Fiber) ANSI/TIA 606 B (Administration) ANSI/TIA 942-A (Datacenters) ANSI/TIA 568 C.4 (Coaxial) ANSI/TIA 1152-A (Testing of twisted pair ) Defines testing procedure, standards for testers such as Level IV, 2G etc. テストの手順 レベル Ⅳ や 2G のようなテスタの規格を定義 ツイストペアの試験

22 Refresher ISO Standards ISO 規格 データセンター ISO/IEC (Datacenters) ケーブル試験の仕様一般的ケーブル メタル配線 ファイバ管理 IEC (Specifications for testing balanced cabling) ISO/IEC (Generic Cabling, Copper and Fiber) ISO/IEC (Administration) IEC (Specifications for testing balanced cabling) ISO/IEC (Pathways and spaces) ケーブル試験の仕様 配線経路 スペース

23 Refresher ISO Standards ISO 規格 データセンター ISO/IEC (Datacenters) ケーブル試験の仕様一般的ケーブル メタル配線 ファイバ管理 IEC (Specifications for testing balanced cabling) ISO/IEC (Generic Cabling, Copper and Fiber) ISO/IEC (Administration) IEC (Specifications for testing balanced cabling) ISO/IEC (Pathways and spaces) ケーブル試験の仕様 配線経路 スペース Defines testing procedure, standards for testers such as Level IV, 2G etc. テストの手順 レベル Ⅳ や 2G のようなテスタの規格を定義

24 Testing without a standard? What does it mean. 規格なしの試験? どのような意味 フィールドテスタ 試験対象のケーブル フィールドテスタ 校正用冶具 NEXT リターンロス測定には終端 挿入損失と FEXT を測定するためネットワークアナライザに接続

25 Test Adapters & Calibration Artifacts テストアダプタと校正工具 THRU / OPEN / SHORT / LOAD

26 Network Analyzer ネットワークアナライザ Network Analyzer ネットワークアナライザ Field Tester フィールドテスタ

27 Return Loss リターンロス Seite 27

28 Near End Crosstalk 近端クロストーク :NEXT

29 Insertion Loss 挿入損失

30 Known Issues with high frequency cable designs 高周波ケーブル設計でのよくある問題 Insertion Loss suck outs 挿入損失で急激に悪化します Typically seen in screened systems above 1300 MHz. 1300MHz 以上のスクリーンシステムで発生する傾向があります Usually the cause is the improper shield termination to connectors, or shield laylengths. 通常 原因はコネクタでのシールドの不確かな成端あるいはシールド層の長さにあります

31 Alien Crosstalk Measurements エイリアンクロストーク測定 被測定対象メインユニット 被測定対象リモートユニット 被測定対象 RJ45 パッチコード パッチパネル 測定対象 測定対象メインユニット 被測定対象リモートユニット

32 Alien Crosstalk Measurements エイリアンクロストーク測定 UTP Cable ANEXT "12-12-NA" Pair_12-12-WX F/UTP Cable ANEXT " NA" Pair_36-12-WX

33 Alien Crosstalk: Is it still the white Elephant? エーリアンクロストーク : 依然として やっかいもの? Still a very key measurement for 10G Base-T installations. Several installation issues go un-noticed いまだ 10GBase-T 工事で重要な測定です ある工事では この問題は無視されています Field testing doesn t have to be complex anymore フィールドテストはこれ以上複雑化しなくてもよいはず One of the few measurements that directly correlates to BER (application bandwidth). TCL, ELCTCL are secondary effects which show up as Alien Crosstalk or Near End Crosstalk 2,3 の測定の一つで直接ビットエラーレートと関係しています TCL ELCTCL はエイリアンクロストークあるいは近端クロストークの時にみられる二次的な効果です Perhaps not so important in the shielded world (Realm of CAT 8) but work still in progress おそらく シールドされた世界 (CAT8) では然程重要ではないでしょうが 結論はまだ出ていません

34 Additional Measurements? 追加測定 ELTCL, LCTCL, Coupling Attenuation カップリングアッティネータ Measure of balance of the twist of cabling and noise rejection of the cable ケーブルのツイストバランス測定と ノイズ排除 Not very meaningful in the field because it is a inherent property of the cable or connector, not much can be done in the field to rectify it ケーブルやコネクタの固有プロパティで 調整目的でフィールドで実施される程ではなく 現場では意味がない Will be interesting to see how repeatable the measurements are with different common mode impedances of different cables in the field 違うケーブルの違うコモンモードインピーダンスを使って どの程度の再現性で測定が実施されるかは興味深いです A fault in ELTCL, Coupling Attenuation will always result in a NEXT, Alien Crosstalk failure. Instead of tightening limit for a new measurement might as well look at the NEXT performance ELTCL での failure カップリングアッティネータは 常に NEXT エイリアンクロストークの FAIL に起因します 新しい測定で規格を厳しくしたら NEXT の結果に注視すればよいでしょう ISO/IEC liaison letter to TC46 requests the committee the need to evaluate suitability of this measurement in the field along with Coupling attenuation measurement TC46 へのリエゾンレターで ISO/IEC はカップリングアッティネータ測定と共にフィールドでのこの測定の適合性評価の必要性を委員会に要望しています

35 End to End testing: Concept エンドツーエンドテスト : コンセプト Existing configuration 既存の構成 Additional Test Configuration 追加の構成 Channel under Test Field Tester Field Tester Comparison with network analyzer is a problem due to soft de-embedding in channel testing チャネル試験で埋め込んだものを取り除いてしまうので ネットワークアナライザによる比較には問題があります Issue typically seen at higher frequencies 高周波でよくみられる問題 Proposal to include Patch cord type test configuration for CAT 8 cables CAT8 ケーブルではパッチコードタイプテスト構成を含ませるような協議が実施されています Widely supported but no additional effort required as Field testers already support Patch Cord configuration 上述は広く認知された方法で 新たな開発が必要とすることはないでしょう また 既存フィールドテスタではパッチコード試験は可能です

36 The End おわりに Psiber Data is an active member on both TIA & ISO Cabling committees. PsiberData 社は TIA 及び ISO のケーブル委員会に積極的に参加しています Level V Field Tester Standard expected soon (All of us field test manufacturers claim compliance, but the standard is still in draft state) 測定確度レベル V の確立は もうまもなくです ( フィールドテストメーカー全社は承諾の姿勢 一方 規格自体はいまだ検討段階 ) Discussion on Level 2G has started (Please note the difference in the name no more level IV, V) レベル 2G の協議が始まっています ( 注意 : レベル Ⅳ や V のような名前とは違います ) Thank you 御清聴ありがとうございました Please your questions & comments to rdoddavaram@psiber-data.com

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