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1 62 4GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)

2 ( 64) " () " " " 64 63

3 4.1.2 () GPU (Graphics Procssing Unit) (Transform) (Lighting ) T & L (Transform and Lighting) " CG () " () (Swizzling)

4 GPU () CPU GPU GPU GPU CPU ( CPU ) (peripheral) CPU GPU 65

5 (discrete) GPU PCI-Express GPU GPU GPU ( ) () GPU

6 () / (

7 ) ( 70) 70 GPU 4.2 CPU GPU GPU (attribute) GPU (Vertex Buffer Object, VBO) () (Index Buffer Object) (Vertex Array Object) () GPU uniform GPU 68

8 GPU 71 OpenGL 3.2 OpenGL 4.x 71 69

9 (primitive) 70

10 C " HLSL (High Level Shading Language)! DirectX! Microsoft NVIDIA " Cg (C for Graphics)! DirectX OpenGL! NVIDIA " GLSL (OpenGL Shading Language, GLslang)! OpenGL! OpenGL ARB ( Khronos Group) GLSL (OpenGL Shading Language) OpenGL 71

11 72 OpenGL OpenGL 2.0 OpenGL GPU OpenGL 3.2 Core Profile () () Mac OS X 10.7 (Lion) 3 OpenGL GLSL GLSL 3 OpenGL GLSL 72

12 OpenGL 3.2 Core Profile CPU GPU GPU GLSL 1. glcreateprogram() 2. glcreateshader() 3. glshadersource() 4. glcompileshader() 5. glattachshader() 6. gllinkprogram() gluseprogram() 73

13 5.3.2 " #version150core invec4pv; voidmain() { gl_position=pv; } 1 #version GLSL 150 OpenGL 3.2 GLSL 1.50 core Core Profile 2 pv in in CPU attribute vec4 32bit (float ) 4 2 vec23 vec3 C. {.x,.y,.z,.w }{.s,.t,.p, q } {.r,.g,.b,.a } ( 4) 4 GLSL float vec2 vec3 vec x.y.z.w.r.g.b.a.s.t.p.q vec4 pv; pv.xy pv.rgb vec4 pv 1,2, vec2 pv 1,2,3, vec3 pv.q pv.yx pv.brg pv 4, float pv 1,2, vec2 pv 1,2,33,1,2, vec3 C C++ main() main() void main() CPU GPU 74

14 CPU GPU attribute gl_position GLSL () attribute pv gl_position " #version150core outvec4fc; voidmain() { fc=vec4(1.0,0.0,0.0,1.0); } 2 fc out vec4() vec4 () fc R () G ()B () A () 4 () discard GPU glcreateprogram() (program) constgluintprogram(glcreateprogram()); GLuint glcreateprogram(void) () #version '#' ' n' staticconstglcharvsrc[]= { "#version150core n", 75

15 "invec4pv;", "voidmain()", "{", "gl_position=pv;", "}", }; (vobj) sizeof vsrc / sizeof vsrc[0] vsrc () GL_VERTEX_SHADER GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER constgluintvobj(glcreateshader(gl_vertex_shader)); glshadersource(vobj,sizeofvsrc/sizeofvsrc[0],vsrc,null); glcompileshader(vobj); 1 ' n' 2 staticconstglcharvsrc= "#version150core n" "invec4pv; n" "voidmain() n" "{ n" "gl_position=pv; n" "} n"; constgluintvobj(glcreateshader(gl_vertex_shader)); glshadersource(vsrc,1,&vsrc,null); glcompileshader(vobj); GLuint glcreateshader(glenum shadertype) () 0 0 shadertype GL_VERTEX_SHADER GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER void glshadersource(gluint shader, GLsizei count, const GLchar string, const GLint length) shader count string glcreateshader() string '#' ' n' 76

16 length length NULL (0) length string () length string (' 0') void glcompileshader(gluint shader) shader glattachshader(program,vobj); gldeleteshader(vobj); void glattachshader(gluint program, GLuint shader) program shader void gldetachshader(gluint program, GLuint shader) program shader void gldeleteshader(gluint shader) shader void gldeleteprogram(gluint program) program gldeleteshader() gldetachshader() 77

17 gldeleteprogram() (, attribute) (attribute pv) (index) ( fc ) (colornumber) 0 CPU GPU GPU glbindattriblocation(program,0,"pv"); glbindfragdatalocation(program,0,"fc"); gllinkprogram(program); void glbindattriblocation(gluint program, GLuint index, const GLchar name) attribute attribute in program index name attribute name in () 0 0 in void glbindfragdatalocation(gluint program, GLuint colornumber, const char name) out program index name (out ) name out () out 78

18 79 void gllinkprogram(gluint program) program program NULL // //vsrc: //pv:in //fsrc: //fc:out staticgluintcreateprogram(constcharvsrc,constcharpv, constcharfsrc,constcharfc) { // constgluintprogram(glcreateprogram()); if(vsrc!=null) { // constgluintvobj(glcreateshader(gl_vertex_shader)); glshadersource(vobj,1,&vsrc,null); glcompileshader(vobj); // glattachshader(program,vobj); gldeleteshader(vobj); } if(fsrc!=null) { // constgluintfobj(glcreateshader(gl_fragment_shader)); glshadersource(fobj,1,&fsrc,null); glcompileshader(fobj); // glattachshader(program,fobj); gldeleteshader(fobj); } // glbindattriblocation(program,0,pv); glbindfragdatalocation(program,0,fc); gllinkprogram(program); // returnprogram; }

19 5.3.7 gluseprogram() gluseprogram(program); void gluseprogram(gluint program) program 0 " main() createprogram() GLEW gluseprogram() #include<cstdlib> #include<iostream> #include<gl/glew.h> #include<glfw/glfw3.h> // staticvoidcleanup() { //GLFW glfwterminate(); } // //vsrc: //pv:in //fsrc: //fc:out staticgluintcreateprogram(constcharvsrc,constcharpv, constcharfsrc,constcharfc) { } intmain() { // glclearcolor(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,0.0f); // staticconstglcharvsrc[]= "#version150core n" "invec4pv; n" 80

20 "voidmain() n" "{ n" "gl_position=pv; n" "} n"; // staticconstglcharfsrc[]= "#version150core n" "outvec4fc; n" "voidmain() n" "{ n" "fc=vec4(1.0,0.0,0.0,1.0); n" "} n"; // constgluintprogram(createprogram(vsrc,"pv",fsrc,"fc")); // while(glfwwindowshouldclose(window)==gl_false) { // glclear(gl_color_buffer_bit); // gluseprogram(program); // // // // glfwswapbuffers(window); // glfwwaitevents(); } } " gluseprogram() gluseprogram(program); while () () gluseprogram(0); 5.4 GLSL GL_TRUE GL_FALSE // //shader: 81

21 //str: staticglbooleanprintshaderinfolog(gluintshader,constcharstr) { // GLintstatus; glgetshaderiv(shader,gl_compile_status,&status); if(status==gl_false)std::cerr<<"compileerrorin"<<str<<std::endl; // GLsizeibufSize; glgetshaderiv(shader,gl_info_log_length,&bufsize); if(bufsize>1) { // std::vector<glchar>infolog(bufsize); GLsizeilength; glgetshaderinfolog(shader,bufsize,&length,&infolog[0]); std::cerr<<&infolog[0]<<std::endl; } returnstatic_cast<glboolean>(status); } void glgetshaderiv(gluint shader, GLenum pname, GLint params) shader pname GL_SHADER_TYPE shader (GL_VERTEX_SHADER, GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER) params GL_DELETE_STATUS shader gldeleteshader() GL_TRUE GL_FALSE params GL_COMPILE_STATUS shader GL_TRUE GL_FALSE params GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH shader params 0 GL_SHADER_SOURCE_LENGTH shader params 0 82

22 params void glgetshaderinfolog(gluint shader, GLsizei maxlength, GLsizei length, GLchar infolog) shader maxlength length infolog infolog GL_TRUE GL_FALSE // //program: staticglbooleanprintprograminfolog(gluintprogram) { // GLintstatus; glgetprogramiv(program,gl_link_status,&status); if(status==gl_false)std::cerr<<"linkerror."<<std::endl; // GLsizeibufSize; glgetprogramiv(program,gl_info_log_length,&bufsize); if(bufsize>1) { // std::vector<glchar>infolog(bufsize); GLsizeilength; glgetprograminfolog(program,bufsize,&length,&infolog[0]); std::cerr<<&infolog[0]<<std::endl; } returnstatic_cast<glboolean>(status); } void glgetprogramiv(gluint program, GLenum pname, GLint params) program pname 83

23 GL_DELETE_STATUS program gldeleteprogram() GL_TRUE GL_FALSE params GL_LINK_STATUS program GL_TRUE GL_FALSE params GL_VALIDATE_STATUS program glvalidateprogram() params params OpenGL GL_TRUE GL_FALSE GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH program params 0 GL_ATTACHED_SHADERS program params params void glvalidateprogram(gluint program) OpenGL glgetprogramiv() pname GL_VALIDATE_STATUS program void glgetprograminfolog(gluint program, GLsizei maxlength, GLsizei length, GLchar infolog) program maxlength infolog length (infolog ) infolog maxlength " createprogram() 84

24 C++ vector vector #include #include<cstdlib> #include<iostream> #include<vector> #include<gl/glew.h> #include<glfw/glfw3.h> // staticvoidcleanup() { //GLFW glfwterminate(); } // //shader: //str: staticglbooleanprintshaderinfolog(gluintshader,constcharstr) { } // //program: staticglbooleanprintprograminfolog(gluintprogram) { } // //vsrc: //pv:in //fsrc: //fc:out staticgluintcreateprogram(constcharvsrc,constcharpv, constcharfsrc,constcharfc) { // constgluintprogram(glcreateprogram()); if(vsrc!=null) { // constgluintvobj(glcreateshader(gl_vertex_shader)); glshadersource(vobj,1,&vsrc,null); glcompileshader(vobj); // if(printshaderinfolog(vobj,"vertexshader")) glattachshader(program,vobj); gldeleteshader(vobj); } if(fsrc!=null) 85

25 { // constgluintfobj(glcreateshader(gl_fragment_shader)); glshadersource(fobj,1,&fsrc,null); glcompileshader(fobj); // if(printshaderinfolog(fobj,"fragmentshader")) glattachshader(program,fobj); gldeleteshader(fobj); } // glbindattriblocation(program,0,pv); glbindfragdatalocation(program,0,fc); gllinkprogram(program); // if(printprograminfolog(program)) returnprogram; //0 gldeleteprogram(program); return0; } 5.5 GLSL C++ C++ C++ C++ readshadersource() // //name: staticglcharreadshadersource(constcharname) { //NULLNULL if(name==null)returnnull; // std::ifstreamfile(name,std::ios::binary); if(file.fail()) { // std::cerr<<"error:can'topensourcefile:"<<name<<std::endl; returnnull; } // file.seekg(0l,std::ios::end); 86

26 87 constglsizeilength(static_cast<glsizei>(file.tellg())); //( 0 ) GLcharbuffer(new(std::nothrow)GLchar[length+1]); if(buffer==null) { // std::cerr<<"error:toolargefile:"<<name<<std::endl; file.close(); returnnull; } // file.seekg(0l,std::ios::beg); file.read(buffer,length); buffer[length]=' 0'; if(file.bad()) { // std::cerr<<"error:couldnotreadsoucefile:"<<name<<std::endl; deletebuffer; buffer=null; } file.close(); // returnbuffer; } createprogram() loadprogram() // //vert: //pv:in //frag: //fc:out staticgluintloadprogram(constcharvert,constcharpv, constcharfrag,constcharfc) { // constglcharvsrc(readshadersource(vert)); constglcharfsrc(readshadersource(frag)); // constgluintprogram(createprogram(vsrc,pv,fsrc,fc)); // deletevsrc; deletefsrc; // returnprogram; }

27 " createprogram() readshadersource() loadprogram() main() vsrc fsrc createprogram() loadprogram() #include<cstdlib> #include<iostream> #include<fstream> #include<vector> #include<gl/glew.h> #include<glfw/glfw3.h> // //vsrc: //pv:in //fsrc: //fc:out staticgluintcreateprogram(constcharvsrc,constcharpv, constcharfsrc,constcharfc) { } // //name: staticglcharreadshadersource(constcharname) { } // //vert: //pv:in //frag: //fc:out staticgluintloadprogram(constcharvert,constcharpv, constcharfrag,constcharfc) { } intmain() { // glclearcolor(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,0.0f); //vsrc //fsrc // 88

28 constgluintprogram(loadprogram("point.vert","pv","point.frag","fc")); // while(glfwwindowshouldclose(window)==gl_false) { } } C++ point.vert point.frag () C++ () " point.vert #version150core invec4pv; voidmain() { gl_position=pv; } point.frag #version150core outvec4fc; voidmain() { fc=vec4(1.0,0.0,0.0,1.0); } " Xcode Mac OS X Xcode C++ Xcode C++ Xcode C++ Xcode Xcode Set Active Scheme Edit Scheme ( 74) 89

29 74 Run Options Working Directory C++ OK ( 75) 75 (Working Directory) 90

30 6 6.1 OpenGL (GPU) (CPU) OpenGL ( 5) GLubyte C C++ unsigned char GLfloat float GLclampf float OpenGL GLhalf 6.2 OpenGL OpenGL (attribute) GPU GPU (Vertex Buffer Object, VBO) (Vertex Array Object, VAO) OpenGL 91

31 5 OpenGL GLboolean GLbyte GLubyte GLchar GLshort GLushort GLint GLuint GLint64 GLuint64 GLsizei GLenum GLintptr GLsizeiptr GLsync GLbitfield GLhalf GLfloat GLclampf GLdouble GLclampd 6.3 glgenvertexarrays() glbindvertexarray() GLuintvao; glgenvertexarrays(1,&vao); glbindvertexarray(vao); void glgenvertexarrays(glsizei n, GLuint arrays) n arrays () n 92

32 void glbindvertexarray(gluint array) array vertices // staticconstglfloatposition[][2]= { {K0.5f,K0.5f}, {0.5f,K0.5f}, {0.5f,0.5f}, {K0.5f,0.5f} }; // staticconstgluintvertices(sizeofposition/sizeofposition[0]); GPU GLfloat vertices sizeof (GLfloat) 2 vertices GLuintvbo; glgenbuffers(1,&vbo); glbindbuffer(gl_array_buffer,vbo); glbufferdata(gl_array_buffer, sizeof(glfloat)2vertices,position,gl_static_draw); void glgenbuffers(glsizei n, GLuint buffers) n arrays () n void glbindbuffer(glenum target, GLuint buffer) target GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, GL_COPY_READ_BUFFER, GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, GL_COPY_WRITE_BUFFER, GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, 93

33 GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, GL_TEXTURE_BUFFE, GL_UNIFORM_BUFFE, GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_BUFFER GL_ARRAY_BUFFER array 0 void glbufferdata(glenum target, GLsizeiptr size, const GLvoid data, GLenum usage) () target size GPU data CPU () size 0 GPU usage GL_STREAM_DRAW GL_STREAM_READGL_STREAM_COPYGL_STATIC_DRAWGL_STATIC_READ GL_STATIC_COPY GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW GL_DYNAMIC_READ GL_DYNAMIC_COPY GPU STREAM STATIC DYNAMIC DRAW READ OpenGL (GPU) COPY OpenGL (GPU) 94

34 6.4.2 attribute in attribute in glvertexattribpointer() glenablevertexattribarray() in glvertexattribpointer(0,2,gl_float,gl_false,0,0); glenablevertexattribarray(0); void glvertexattribpointer(gluint index, GLint size, GLenum type, GLboolean normalized, GLsizei stride, const GLvoid pointer); attribute index size type glbindattriblocation() attribute (index) pv index 0 0 attribute 1234 (x, y) 2 (x, y, z) 3 2 attribute (pointer ) GL_BYTE GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE GL_SHORT GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT GL_INT GL_UNSIGNED_INTGL_FLOATGL_DOUBLE GLfloat GL_FLOAT normalized stride pointer GL_TRUE type (GL_BYTEGL_UNSIGNED_BYTEGL_SHORT GL_UNSIGNED_SHORTGL_INTGL_UNSIGNED_INT) GL_FALSE GL_FALSE attribute (pointer ) 0 0 attribute 0 int offset static_cast<char >(0) + offset (char )0 + offset 95

35 void glenablevertexattribarray(gluint index) attribute index attribute glbindbuffer(gl_array_buffer,0); glbindvertexarray(0); glgenvertexarray() glvertexattribpointer() glbindbuffer() " // //vertices: //position: staticgluintcreateobject(gluintvertices,constglfloat(position)[2]) { // GLuintvao; glgenvertexarrays(1,&vao); glbindvertexarray(vao); // GLuintvbo; glgenbuffers(1,&vbo); glbindbuffer(gl_array_buffer,vbo); glbufferdata(gl_array_buffer, sizeof(glfloat)2vertices,position,gl_static_draw); //in glvertexattribpointer(0,2,gl_float,gl_false,0,0); glenablevertexattribarray(0); // glbindbuffer(gl_array_buffer,0); glbindvertexarray(0); returnvao; } " createobject() createrectangle() ( Object ) 96

36 // structobject { // GLuintvao; // GLsizeicount; }; createobject() // staticobjectcreaterectangle() { // staticconstglfloatposition[][2]= { {K0.5f,K0.5f}, {0.5f,K0.5f}, {0.5f,0.5f}, {K0.5f,0.5f} }; // staticconstintvertices(sizeofposition/sizeofposition[0]); // Objectobject; object.vao=createobject(vertices,position); object.count=vertices; returnobject; } 6.5 glbindvertexarray() gldrawarrays() ( 76) glbindvertexarray(vao); gldrawarrays(gl_line_loop,0,vertices); void gldrawarrays(glenum mode, GLint first, GLsizei count) mode first count 76 OpenGL 4.0 GL_PATCHES

37 98 76 OpenGL " // //vertices: //position: staticgluintcreateobject(gluintvertices,constglfloat(position)[2]) { } // structobject { }; // staticobjectcreaterectangle() { } GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP GL_TRIANGLE_FAN GL_TRIANGLES GL_LINES GL_LINE_STRIP GL_POINTS GL_LINE_LOOP GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP_ADJACENCY GL_TRIANGLES_ADJACENCY GL_LINE_STRIP_ADJACENCY GL_LINES_ADJACENCY

38 intmain() { // glclearcolor(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,0.0f); // constgluintprogram(loadprogram("point.vert","pv","point.frag","fc")); // constobjectobject(createrectangle()); // while(glfwwindowshouldclose(window)==gl_false) { // glclear(gl_color_buffer_bit); // gluseprogram(program); // glbindvertexarray(object.vao); gldrawarrays(gl_line_loop,0,object.count); // glfwswapbuffers(window); // glfwwaitevents(); } } " 77 99

Kageyama (Kobe Univ.) / 36

Kageyama (Kobe Univ.) / 36 DrawArrays DrawElements 05 1 2015.05.19 Kageyama (Kobe Univ.) 2015.05.19 1 / 36 Kageyama (Kobe Univ.) 2015.05.19 2 / 36 Kageyama (Kobe Univ.) 2015.05.19 3 / 36 Web アプリ HTML + CSS + JavaScript + シェーダソースコード