The Ecological Society of Japan (Japanese Journal of Conservation Ecology) 20 : (2015) Cervus nippon Night time visits of sika dee
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1 (Japanese Journal of Conservation Ecology) 20 : (2015) Cervus nippon Night time visits of sika deer (Cervus nippon) to the Mizorogaike wetland, Central Japan Riyou Tsujino 1, Yosan Chon 2 and Kiyoshi Matsui 3 1 Center for Natural Environment Education, Nara University of Education, 2 Nara University of Education, 3 Nara University of Education Cervus nippon / Abstract: The Mizorogaike wetland, near Kyoto, central Japan, suffers from repeated invasion by sika deer (Cervus nippon). We set 34 camera traps in and around the Mizorogaike wetland (4 in the wetland itself, 17 in the eastern area and 5 in the western area of Takaragaike Park, 3 in the Motoyama National Forest, and 5 in the Kamigamo Experimental Forest of Kyoto University) from 16 June 2014 to 17 December 2014 to reveal the relationship between deer in the wetland and those in the surrounding forest. We photographed 1485 individuals of 11 mammal species over a total of 2700 trap nights (55 individuals/100 trap nights). Thus, this forest remnant in an otherwise urban area plays an important role as a habitat for mammals. On the other hand, 93.2% of photographs were of deer. The relative abundance index for deer in the Mizorogaike wetland was near zero during the day, but very high at night. In contrast, the abundance indices in western/eastern Takaragaike Park showed the opposite trend, while those in Motoyama National Park and Kamigamo Experimental Forest showed no differences between day and night. Therefore, we suggest that deer visiting the Mizorogaike wetland enter around sunset, stay the night, and return to Takaragaike Park around sunrise. Keywords: camera trap, feeding pressure, mammalian fauna, urban park, wetland Center for Natural Environment Education, Nara University of Education, Takabatake-cho, Nara , Japan tsujino@nara-edu.ac.jp
2 1929 Cervus nippon Menyanthes trifoliata L. Iris laevigata Fisch. Isachne globose (Thunb.) Kuntze 2007 O Connell et al Otani 2001 Yasuda Tsujino and Yumoto Triadica sebifera (L.) Small 調査地 1 5 km mm etrn/index.php Pinus densiflora Sieb. & Zucc E E 75 m 0.08 km 2 2 m 3 1 Shimizu 1986 Haraguchi 1992 Koshikawa et al Sphagnum palustre L. Lyonia ovalifolia var. elliptica (Sieb. et Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz. Ilex crenata Thunb. Miscanthus sinensis Anderson Lobelia sessilifolia Lamb. 160
3 1 34 C01 C30 C51 C54 TPE TPW MZP MNF KEF Rhynchospora chinensis Nees et Meyen Schoenoplectiella multiseta (Hayas. et C.Sato) Hayas. Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Turcz. ex Stapf Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh. ex Hoffm 野外調査 Fieldnote IIa 1.3 m 4 Trophycam HD Bushnell USA 4 m 2 ISO GB SD
4 1 34 RAI 100 Number of animals photgraphed RAI (number of animals / 100trap night) Total (w/o birds) Birds Unknown mammals Vulpes vulpes Sus scrofa Rodents Procyon lotor Paguma larvata Nyctereutes procyonoides Mustela itatsi Meles meles Martes melampus Felis silvestris Cervus nippon Total (w/o birds) Birds Unknown mammals Vulpes vulpes Sus scrofa Rodents Procyon lotor Paguma larvata Nyctereutes procyonoides Mustela itatsi Meles meles Martes melampus Felis silvestris Cervus nippon Active days Camera ID Takaragaike E C C C C C C C C C C C C C C Takaragaike W C C C C C C C C Mizorogaike C C51 NA C C Motoyama C C C Kamigamo C14 NA C C C C Takaragaike E Takaragaike W Mizorogaike Motoyama Kamigamo Total
5 C14 C 解析方法 RAI: Relative abundance index RAI= /100 O Brien et al. 2003; O Brien Rovero and Marshall Yasuda :00 8:00 8:00 16:00 16:00 20:00 20:00 4:00 撮影された哺乳類 RAI= RAI=51.3 Nyctereutes procyonoides 52 RAI=1.9 Paguma larvata 12 RAI=0.4 Martes melampus 9 RAI=0.3 Felis silvestris 5 RAI=0.2 Procyon lotor 4 RAI=0.1 Meles meles 3 RAI=0.1 Vulpes vulpes 2 RAI=0.1 Mustela itatsi 2 RAI=0.1 Sus scrofa 1 RAI= RAI= RAI=0.4 1 ニホンジカの RAI と行動時間帯の地域比較 RAI :00 4:00 RAI 2 2 4:00 8:00 16:00 20:00 RAI 2 2 RAI 8:00 16:00 RAI RAI 上賀茂 本山 深泥池 宝ヶ池に棲息する哺乳類相 11 1 Markovchick-Nichollis et al
6 2RAI /100 Duration Hours Takaragaike E Takaragaike W Mizorogaike Motoyama Kamigamo Sunrise 4:00-8: Daytime 8:00-16: Sunset 16:00-20: Night 20:00-4: Total RAI RAI 51.3 RAI RAI 3 RAI 深泥池湿原に侵入するニホンジカ 2005 RAI RAI RAI 0 18:00 RAI 2 5:00 RAI RAI 2 RAI Takatsuki 2003 RAI 164
7 RAI / Takaragaie E 6 11 Takaragaie W 6 10 Mizorogaike 8 12 Motoyama Kamigamo , (1994). (, ), ,,,, (2008)., 13: Haraguchi A (1992) Seasonal change in the redox property of peat and its relation to vegetation in a system of floating mat and pond. Ecological Research, 7: (2004) 165
8 ., 44: Koshikawa MK, Fujita N, Sugiyama M, Hori T (2005) Distributions of ph and chemical components in Mizorogaike, a pond with a floating-mat bog. Limnology, 6:27-37 (2006)., (1981). ( ), , (2009)., 9:79-96 Markovchick-Nichollis L, Regan HM, Deuschman DH, Widyanata A, Martin B, Noreke L, Hunt TA (2008) Relationships between human disturbance and wildlife land use in urban habitat fragments. Conservation Biology, 22: (1929).., (2002)., 74:35-45 O Brien TG, Kinnaird MF, Wibisono HT (2003) Crouching tigers hidden prey: Sumatran tiger and prey populations in a tropical forest landscape. Animal Conservation, 6: O Brien TGO (2011) Abundance, density and relative abundance: A conceptual framework. In: O Connell AF, Nichols JD, Karanth KU (eds) Camera Traps in Animal Ecology: Methods and Analyses, Springer Japan, Tokyo O Connell AF, Nichols JD, Karanth KU (eds.) (2011) Camera Traps in Animal Ecology: Methods and Analyses. Springer Japan, Tokyo Otani T (2001) Measuring fig foraging frequency of the Yakushima macaque by using automatic cameras. Ecological Research, 16:49-54 Pellerin S, Huot J, Cote SD (2006) Long term effects of deer browsing and trampling on the vegetation of peatlands. Biological Conservation, 128: Rovero F, Marshall AR (2009) Camera trapping photographic rate as an index of density in forest ungulates. Journal of Applied Ecology 46: Shimizu Y (1986) Species numbers, area, and habitat diversity on the habitat-island of Mizorogaike pond, Japan. Ecological Research, 1: ,,,, (2014)., 38: Takatsuki S (2003) Use of mires and foods habits of sika deer in Oze area, central Japan. Ecological Research, 18: ,,,,,,,,, (2007)., 12:20-27 Tsujino R, Yumoto T (2014) Habitat preferences of medium/ large mammals in human disturbed forests in Central Japan. Ecological Research, 29: Yasuda M (2004) Monitoring diversity and abundance of mammals with camera traps: A case study on Mount Tsukuba, central Japan. Mammal Study, 29:
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