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1 DSGE * 1 * * ( ) ( ) *2 3
2 (CFW ) CFW 1
3 DSGE CFW
4 1 (1) (2) % 8% * *2 8% ( 1.1) *1 24 *2 (2012) 150 (2009) 45 3
5 * ( 2006) *4 1.1 Cash For Work(CFW) *5 CFW 500 CFW 1 3 CFW * ( 2012) *4 3 ( 2012) *5 CFW (Food For Work) (2011) 4
6 1.2 (DSGE) DSGE Job-Search CFW CFW CFW CFW CFW CFW CFW CFW 5
7 2 DSGE (1) (2) (3) 2.1 Diamond (1982) Mortensen (1982) Pissarides (1985) Mortensen and Pissarides(1994) DSGE DSGE Shimer(2005) Shimer Hall(2005) Hall(2005) Michaillat(2012a) Mortensen and Pissarides(1994) Hall(2005) Michaillat(2012a) Michaillat(2012b) 2 6
8 Michaillat(2012b) Michaillat(2012b) CFW 1 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) CFW CFW 7
9 2.2 Labor Market 2 l t g t n t = l t + g t t 1 s n t 1 s ( ) 1 t u t = 1 (1 s)n t 1 t h(u t, v t ) h(u t, v t ) min(u t, v t ) *1 1 h(u t, v t ) = ϕ 0 u ϕ 1 t v 1 ϕ 1 t (2.1) θ t v t /u t f(θ t ) h(u t, v t )/u t = h(1, θ t ) q(θ t ) h(u t, v t )/v t = h(1/θ t, 1) ( f(θ t ) ) ( q(θ t ) ) r (0, + ) rz t *2 θ u t h t 3 f(θ t ) f(θ t ) = h t u t (2.2) sn [1 (1 s)n]f(θ) n = 1 (1 s) + s/f(θ) (2.3) t h t (1 s)n t *1 h(u t, v t ) min(u t, v t ) f(θ t ) 1 q(θ t ) 1 *2 Pissarides(2000) Michaillat(2012a) r rz t 8
10 Wage Schedule ( γ [0, 1), ω (0, + )) w t = ωz γ t (2.4) ω γ z t γ = 0 γ = 1 Firms y(l t, z t ) = z t x(l t ) (2.5) y t z t l t x(l t ) = l α t (α 0) β (0, 1) + E 0 β t π t (2.6) t=0 E 0 0 π t t π t = y(l t, z t ) w t n t rz t q(θ t ) h t (2.7) l t = (1 s)l t 1 + h t (2.8) 1 s h t {θ t, n t, z t } + t=0 (2.8) (2.6) {h t, l t } + t=0 n t [ ] y(l t, z t ) = w t + rz t l t q(θ t ) + l w t rz t+1 t β(1 s)e t (2.9) l t q(θ t+1 ) (2.9) w t r z t /q(θ t ) n t w/ n β (2.9) 1 9
11 Government w t p t = ω p z t x(g t ) (2.10) g t p t ω p (0, + ) b t w t (1 n t ) g t w t rz t [ ] gt (1 s)g t 1 3 nt w t π t q(θ t ) n t τ t w t + π t =b t w t (1 n t ) + g t w t + rz t [ ] gt (1 s)g t 1 q(θ t ) (2.11) ζ (0, 1) g t = ζn t (2.12) Large Households ( ) * 3 E 0 + t=0 β t [ c 1 η t 1 1 η ] p 1 η t 1 + ω v 1 η (2.13) p t η 0 w t τ t b t b t w t c e t cu t c e t = (1 τ t )w t (2.14) c u t = b t w t (2.15) ρ = b t /(1 τ t ) *3 Mortensen and Pissarides 1994; Pissarides 2000; Shimer 2005 (1) (2) (Shimer 2010) 10
![g t w t + rz t [ ] gt (1 s)g t 1 q(θ t ) (2.11) ζ (0, 1) g t = ζn t (2.](/docs-images/53/20124394/images/page_11.jpg "12) Large Households ( ) * 3 E 0 + t=0 β t [ c 1 η t 1 1 η ] p 1 η t 1 + ω v 1 η (2.")
12 Calibration Michaillat(2012b) Michaillat(2012b) s 0.118% ω % ϕ (2003) ϕ (2003) α r ω(michaillat 2012) β % γ ρ 0.65 ζ 0.06 OECD(2009) s 10 Michaillat(2012b) % 0.118% 10 α = OECD Government at a Glance ζ = 0.06 ϕ 0 ϕ 1 (2003) ϕ 0 ϕ 0 = Michaillat(2012b) ϕ 0 = (2003) ϕ 1 (2003) ϕ 0 = 0.47 ω r θ ū 10 θ = ū = 4.67% ū = 1 (1 s) n n = ζ = 0.06 ḡ = l = (2.9) ω = α l α 1 [ 1 (1 s)δ ] 0.32ω q( θ) ω = 0.62 Michaillat(2012b) r = 0.32ω =
13 50 80% ( ) 65% ρ = 0.65 γ γ =
14 2.3 (1) ( ) (2) (3) CFW 3 * 4 (2.11) n t τ t w t + π t = b t w t (1 n t ) + g t w t + rz t [ ] gt (1 s)g t 1 q(θ t ) n t τ t w t + π t = b t w t (1 n t ) + g t w t + rz t [ ] rz t [ ] gt (1 s)g t 1 + lt (1 s)l t 1 q(θ t ) q(θ t ) 82% *5 80% ( ) 20% ( ) * 6 z t 1% u t n t θ t 3 *4 *5 24 * () % 20% 13
![t + π t = b t w t (1 n t ) + g t w t + rz t [ ] rz t [ ] gt (1 s)g t 1 + lt (1 s)l t 1 q(θ t )](/docs-images/53/20124394/images/page_14.jpg "q(θ t ) 82% *5 80% ( ) 20% ( ) * 6 z t 1% u t n t θ t 3 *4 http://www.mhlw.go.")
15 2.1 (2.1) 7% 5.5% ( 80% ) 14
16 z t ϕ 0 ζ 5% 2.2 (2.2) ( ) 15
17 CFW (CFW ) CFW ϕ 0 = CFW CFW (2.3) CFW ( ) ( ) CFW 2 CFW 250 CFW 16
18 CFW CFW CFW 17
19 3 CFW (1) (2) (3) 3.1 Jackman and Roper(1987) * 1 3 (3.1) 3.1 *1 Jackman and Roper(1987) ( V = n k=1 V k U = n k=1 U k ) 1 U 1 n 2 k=1 U k U V k = V 1 n U k 2 k=1 U V k V ( ) 18
20 1 *2 3.2 (3.2) 2 2 * ( ) 40 * 4 *2 (%) *3 67.3% 13.7% *4 ( 19
21 3 ( 3.3) CFW CFW CFW CFW Mercy- 3.4 CFW Corps(2007) 6 CFW CFW ( MercyCorps(2007) 20
22 CFW ) * 5 CFW CFW MercyCorps(2007) CFW CFW CFW 80% 2011 CFW * * ( 23 ) *6 21
23 (A) ( ) (B) (C) CFW (A) (B) PR (C) CFW 3 1. CFW 2. CFW 3. 22
24 CFW 3.5 MercyCorps(2007) CFW CFW CFW NGO (3.5) 23
25 CFW NGO ATM 7 18% 23% (3.2) ( ) (100 ) * 7 CFW *
26 CFW (A) (B) CFW (A) (B) 25
27 3.3 CFW 2 CFW (2011) CFW CFW CFW CFW CFW CFW * *9 (CFW ) * CFW *8 23 *9 *10 26
28 4 CFW CFW CFW 27
29 (2003) International Department Working Paper Series No.03 J-7. (2012) No.622 : (2011) (2012) JILPT. No.99. (2012) No.622 :4 16. (2009) Blanchard, Olivier, and Jordi Gali(2010) Labor Markets and Monetary Policy: A New Keynesian Model with Unemployment. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 2 (2): Hall, R. E.(2005) Employment Fluctuations with Equilibrium Wage Stickiness. American Economic Review 95 (1): Hosios, A. J. (1990) On the Efficiency of Matching and Related Models of Search and Unemploy- ment. Review of Economic Studies 57 (2): Petrongolo, B., and C. A. Pissarides(2001) Looking into the Black Box: A Survey of the Matching Function. Journal of Economic Literature 39 (2): Pissarides, C. A. (2000) Equilibrium Unemployment Theory, 2nd ed. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. MercyCorps. (2007) Guide to Cash-for-Work Programming,1st Ave International Headquarters 3015 SW. Mortensen,D., and C. A. Pissarides(1994) Job Creation and Job Destruction in the Theory of Unemployment The Review of Economic Studies 61 (3): Michaillat, P. (2012a) Do Matching Frictions Explain Unemployment? - Not in Bad Times American Economic Review 102(4):
30 Michaillat, P. (2012b) Fiscal Multipliers over the Business Cycle Centre for Economic Performance DiscussionPaper No Miyamoto, H. (2011) Cyclical Behavior of Unemployment and Job Vacancies in Japan Japan and theworld Economy 23(3): Shimer, R. (2005) The Cyclical Behavior of Equilibrium Unemployment and Vacancies. American Economic Review 95 (1): Shimer, R. (2010) Labor Markets and Business Cycles. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. OECD(2009) Government at a Glance (2012) 24 ( 2012/10/25 ( 2012/10/26 ( 2012/10/ ( 2r kb7f.html) 2012/10/28 ( roudou/koyou/koyouhoken/ index.html) 2012/10/22 ( 2012/10/25 ( ) ( 2012/10/25 23 ( 2012/10/26 ( 2012/10/25 29
31 1 ( 2012/10/31 23 ( 2012/10/26 ( toukei/kyujin kyushoku/toukei/ anteisyobetsu kyujinkyusyoku balance.html) 2012/10/15 30
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