5. The flow of the operation depends on the control ( 管理 ) of the top management. a. supply b. capital c. support d. command Exercise 2: What s the wo

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1 Main Topic 17: Industries Lesson 99: Engineering (20-25 minutes) Today, you will: 1. Learn useful vocabulary related to Engineering. 2. Review Grammar-Modals Part 3. I. VOCABULARY Exercise 1: What s the meaning? (5-6 minutes) Choose the meaning of the underlined words from the choices that follow. Then practice using the words in your own sentences. 1. The machineries ( 機械 ) are checked weekly to ensure production of quality goods. a. raw materials b. plantation site c. policies and procedures d. mechanical apparatuses 2. The building operation ( 工事 ) will end in three months. a. action b. instruction c. generation d. construction 3. The engineer wrote the particulars ( 詳細 ) needed for the building operation. a. extra details b. specific details c. ordinary details d. common details 4. The engineers need to construct a building that could resist ( 耐える ) earthquakes. a. reject b. return c. reform d. release 1

2 5. The flow of the operation depends on the control ( 管理 ) of the top management. a. supply b. capital c. support d. command Exercise 2: What s the word? (5-7 minutes) Read the following dialog with your tutor and try to use context clues to fill in the blanks with the most appropriate word. You can find the missing word from the pool of words at the bottom. Mr. Caulkin, the operations manager is checking the machineries in the productions area. He is talking to Mr. Coalsky about the condition of the machineries. Mr. Coalsky: Good morning, Mr. Caulkin! Welcome to the production area. Mr. Caulkin: Good morning! I would like to check out if our machineries here are still working well. How s the condition of the (1) controls for the conveyor belt? Mr. Coalsky: Well, so far, so good. We have not encountered any problems with them yet. In fact, we are able to (2) good and quality products. Mr. Caulkin: That s good to hear. How about with our (3)? Do we have any problems with transferring electricity to different circuits? Mr. Coalsky: They are likewise in good condition, sir. We make sure that we (4) our employees with necessary knowledge about the electrical procedures. Mr. Caulkin: Well, that is very good. You know, in the manufacturing business, it is important to keep your machineries in top shape. How do you manage to monitor the condition of our machineries? Mr. Coalsky: Well, sir we (5) work shifts to make sure that they are monitored 24/7. Mr. Caulkin: Good job, Mr. Coalsky. I think everything is going smoothly! I will report this to our general manager and recommend you for promotion. Mr. Coalsky: Oh, thank you, sir. 2

3 Choices: a. machines ( 機械 ) b. transformer ( 変圧器 ) c. rotate ( 回転させる ) d. equip ( 身につけさせる ) e. generate ( 生み出す ) f. automatic( 自動の ) II. GRAMMAR REVIEW: Topic: Modals Part 3: Ought to (5-6 minutes) ( 法助動詞パート 3: Ought to) Ought to can be used in place of should. It is common to use ought to when one wants to express the idea that the act of doing something is the right or natural thing to do. Below are the common uses of ought to. (Ought to は should の代わりに用いられます Ought to はある行動が正しいもしくは自然であるという考えを表現したい時に通常用いられます以下は ought to の一般的な用法です ) Ought to uses: (Ought to の用法 ) recommendation, advice ( 忠告提案 ) Positive Forms 1. = Present 2. = Past 3. = Future ( 肯定形 1. 現在形 2. 過去形 3. 未来形 ) 1. Robert ought to exercise more. ( ロバートはもっと運動するべきです ) 2. Lucy ought to have exercised more so she would be better prepared for the marathon. ( ルーシーはより入念にマラソンに備えるためもっと運動するべきでした ) 3. Margaret ought to come to the fitness center with us tonight. ( マーガレットは今晩私たちと一緒にスポーツクラブに来るべきです ) Negative Forms 1. = Present 2. = Past 3. = Future ( 否定形 1. 現在形 2. 過去形 3. 未来形 ) 1. Robert ought not exercise too much. It might cause injury. ( ロバートは運動のし過ぎを避けるべきです怪我を引き起こすかもしれません ) 2. Lucy ought not have run the marathon. She wasn't in good shape. ( ルーシーはマラソンを走るべきではありませんでした彼女はコンディションが整っていませんでした ) 3. Margaret ought not stay at home in front of the TV. She should go to the fitness center with us. 3

4 assumption, expectation, probability ( 仮定見通し可能性 ) 1. She ought to have the package by now. ( 彼女は今頃小包を受け取っているはずです ) 2. She ought to have received the package yesterday. ( 彼女は昨日小包を受け取ったはずです ) 3. She ought to receive the package tonight. ( 彼女は今晩小包を受け取るはずです ) ( マーガレットは家の中でテレビの前にずっといるべきではありません彼女は私たちと一緒にスポーツクラブに来るべきです ) "Ought not" is used primarily to express negative recommendations. (See above) (Ought not は主に否定的な忠告を述べる場合に用いられます ( 上記参照 )) Remember: ( 覚えておきましょう ) "Ought to" loses the "to" in the negative. Instead of "ought not to," we say "ought not." (Ought to は否定形では to を削除します Ought not to と言う代わりに ought not と言います ) Examples: ( 例 ) They ought not disregard the law. ( 彼らは法律を無視するべきではありません ) She ought not go out because it is very dangerous. ( 外は非常に危険なので彼女は外出するべきではありません ) The contestant ought not answer the question rudely. ( その出場者は失礼な受け答えをするべきではありません ) 4

5 Comprehension Check: What are the dos and don ts when a tourist visits one of the temples in Kyoto? Use Ought to and ought not. ( 観光客が京都のあるお寺を訪れた際すべきこととすべきでないことは何ですか? ought to と ought not to を用いてみましょう ) Exercise 1: Incomplete Sentences (5-6 minutes) Choose the word or phrase that would best complete the following sentences. 1. There is a building demolition happening outside, you go out yet. a. ought not b. ought not to c. not ought to d. ought to not 2. I because I need to attend the meeting with the contractors. a. ought not to go b. ought not go c. not ought to go d. ought not 3. The water level of the river near the site is rising. We stop construction immediately. a. might b. ought not c. ought to d. will 4. Maria ought to have with an engineer before proceeding with the building. a. consult b. consulted c. consulting d. consultation 5

6 5. Andrew ought to the plans tonight before construction begins tomorrow. a. study b. studies c. studying d. studied 6

5. They made the right decision by electing him to lead ( 率いるリードする ) the group. a. show b. guide c. buy d. eat Exercise 2: What s the word? (5-7 minu

5. They made the right decision by electing him to lead ( 率いるリードする ) the group. a. show b. guide c. buy d. eat Exercise 2: What s the word? (5-7 minu Main Topic 1: Business Introductions Lesson 9: Union (20-25 minutes) Today, you will: 1. Learn useful vocabulary related to UNIONS. 2. Review Article with Generic Non-count noun. I. VOCABULARY Exercise