2006 JPRC,. 59 1984 2 61 1986 4. 9 1997 4 14 2002 4 JR,JT,NTT 1 1 109 44 3,249 311 2,217 1,099 3,658 17 3 65 1
16 16,. 16, 16 12 17 17 9 17 10 12 18 1 18 4 28 18 4 28 22 1 0.354% 30 39 18.3%1 2 1 2,27%., 10%. 250 1 21 16 21 2
. 22.,,..,,.,, 1 2,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.(.),. 2.,,. 1983,1984,. 1985, 60 (1985 ).,,, 2,(),,.,().. 3
,.,, 60,,. 18 4 28,.. (1). (Beamte),..(Angestellten/Arbeiter),,. 2., 470, 36% 170.,,. 2 (2004 6) 132.3 172.7 187.7 492.7 1,268.4 847.6-2,116.1 180.0 1,212.3-1,392.3 116.3 552.7-668.8 1,696.9 2,785.2 187.7 4,669.9 170 13 7.8%. 4 3. 4
,,. 2,.. (2) 18 3. 1873 (Reichsbeamtengesetz),. 33 5.,..,,.,.,(Ruhegehalt)..,,.,.,..,.,,, 4.,, 3 Kuhlmann & R ber (2004) 4 Federal Ministry of Interior The public service in Germany (2 nd edition) 5
5...,.,,., 6... (3) (2) 30 7 3 5,. 6. 7 6
8 (4) () x min{() x () 71.75%} 3 2010 1.79375% 9 40 71.75% 65 10 60 63 3.6% 5 4. 1980 1992 1992 8 1998 () 9 2002 1.875% 40 75% 2001 10 7
(1)1992 1992 1994 35 75%40 75% 2.1428%(=75%/35 ) 1.875%(75%/40 ) (2)1998 1992 1998 1998 11 0.2% 1% 0.8%0.2% 0.2% 2001 (3)2001 1998 11 1996 (Rhineland-Palatinate) 10 8
2001 12 4.3% 4.3% 1.875% 1.79375% 40 75% 71.75% 13 2003 2010 2001 1998 1998 0.2% (4) 2004 2004 2005 2012 18 65 67 67 (5) 20 30% 12 1999 13 9
2006 (National Insurance) (Basic Pension) (State Second Pension) (contracting-out system) 14 3 (Principal Civil Service Pension Scheme; PCSPS) (Teachers Pension Scheme; TPS) 14 10
NHS 15 (National Health Service Pension Scheme; NHSPS) (Armed Forces Pension Scheme; AFPS) (Police Officers Pension Scheme; POPS) (Fire-Fighters Pension Scheme; FFPS) (Local Government Pension Scheme; LGPS) 4 7 3 4 ( Pension Policy Institute Occupational pension provision in the public sector 15 (National Health Service) NHS NHSPS 11
( ) (PCSPS) (1) (fast streamer) (senior executives) 16 (2) PCSPS 1972 2002 1972 (classic) 2002 (premium) 2002 (partnership) 2002 9 30 2002 9 30 2002 10 1 (classic plus) 16 4,000 12
2002 10 1 () Cabinet Office 17 Civil Service Pensions; Building a sustainable future (December 2004) 5 () x () x () PCSPS (pensionable earnings) 17 PCSPS (Cabinet Office) 13
18 4 13 3 ( ) 60 50 1 1% 3 ( 5) 1/80 1/60 PCSPS 3 1.5% 3.5% 19 18 19 3.5% 14
20 21 3% 45 12.5% 3% 50 75 1/4 PCSPS 2004 12 Civil Service Pensions; Building a sustainable future (Proposals for changes to the Civil Service pension arrangements) PCSPS 2002 2 65 21 2002 22 65 2 PCSPS 6 Pension Policy Institute Government Actuary s Department PCSPS 20 2006 97/ 645/ 11% 1.6% 1.6% 11% 21 20/1000 22 Simplicity, Security and Choice 15
60 pension jealousy 23 68 60 6 ( Pension Policy Institute Occupational pension provision in the public sector 23 IT 2000 2002 perfect storm pension jealousy 16
( ) Sabine Kuhlmann & Manfred R ber (2004) Civil Service in Germany: Characteristics of Public Employment and Modernization of Public Personnel Management Axel B rsch-supan & Christina Wilke (2003) The German Social Security Sysrem: How it Was and How it Will Be (NBER Working Paper No.10525) Federal Ministry of the Interior (2003) The public service in Germany (2 nd edition) () Pension Policy Institute (2005) Occupational pension provision in the public sector Pension Policy Institute (2005) The Pensions Primer Updated June 2005 Cabinet Office Civil Service Pensions; Building a sustainable future 17