G H 論文 防空 のジェンダー 戦前戦後における日本の空襲言説の変容と布置 長志珠絵 ( 神戸大学 ) 要旨 2 1932 はじめに 2010, 2013 21
11 2015 20 / 1. 空爆の時代を捉え返す (1) 総力戦下の空爆と銃後 1 2 B. 3 4 20 1938 12 1941 200 1944 B29 1945 3 440 22
1935 10 2008 1930 / 1937 4 1990 (2) 兵役 ジェンダー 戦争の記憶 1873 1889 2005 2010 5 1980 23
11 2015 Enloe2000 6 1945 6 23 16-61 17-41 1990 Memorial war 20 24
2. 女は 戦意 を抱かない? 防空言説の戦前戦後 1931 1937 1941 7 1930 1932 1933 8 1932 3 1933 8 1929 25
11 2015 9 1945 5 16 10 1937 4 5 47 1 1945 7 3 11 1945 7 28 9 1000 20 12 13 1941 1943 14 1943 26
15 16 1945 8 17 1944 4 98 2 18 1944 9 15 18 35 172 2 19 1945 3 17 14 20 1945 8 14 8 15 1945 8 15 27
11 2015 19 5 30 P51 8 15 21 1945 12 Occupied Japan The United States Strategic Bombing Survey Moral Division The Effect of Strategic Bombing On Japanese Morale 22 1945 11 12 58 3153 41 1974 USSBS 1990 74 23 28
24 258 150 108 < 表 > ある地方都市における 空襲死者 の年齢別構成 0 5 28 25 53 6 10 11 10 27 11 15 7 13 20 16 19 8 1 9 20 29 2 21 23 30 39 26 10 36 40 49 10 11 21 50 59 11 7 18 60 17 42 59 108 150 258 24 2001 USSBS USSBS 1952 29
11 2015 GHQ/SCAP CIE 1953 1959 3 28 2013a, b 2003 25 3. 戦後の 空襲記録 とその課題 1970 1995 1970 1970 8 15 26 1, 2 1972 5 1974 4 5000 1973 6 1975 1977 1980 440 8 15 30
1990 1970 B29 1944 6 1944 2 1944 10 1945 6 7 8 15 1 6 49 30 1950 27 96 1968 8 28 1970 1990 5 6 His-Story 31
11 2015 1970 終わりにかえて 1980 1970 1998 2010 注 1 2008 2 1937 12 1968 3 6 B. 2010 2014 4 1 2012 32
5 1995 2000 6 1909 7 2010 2014 8 1933 7 9 1943 181 10 2008 8 10 10 11 1998 12 1992 13 1942 2 14 1943 178 15 1937 9 17 16 1943 5 5 17 1945 8 18 1943 4 15 19 1944 9 21 20 21 1 1976 22 23 1998 24 1952 8 13 25 2009 174 26 1971 8 15 27 34 2004 28 6 2006 参考文献 2008 2014 2010 Enloe C., Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women s Lives (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000) Chap6 2006 2004 2013a 104 2013b 3 844 2008 9 61-2 2010 9 33
11 2015 10 2014 2011 2008 2001 2006 2014 2007 2 2005 2004 2003 34
A Gender Perspective on Air Defense: Japanese Discourses before and after the World War II OSA Shizue The aerial bombing of Japanese cities during World War II shifted the lines of demarcation between the frontlines of battle and the home front, with major impact on gender roles and gender discourses. This paper examines the wartime shifts and post-war development of different narratives about air defense on the home front from the perspective of representations of gendered roles. Beginning from 1932, regional women s associations were encouraged to discuss the role of women in national defense, including participation in efforts on the home front to defend against bombing and poison gas attacks. In those early discourses, there was a clear division of roles based on gender. However, as aerial bombing became a central feature of wartime life, the line between male and female roles in home front defense was redrawn, with women playing an increasingly important role in urban defense activities. In the post war period, efforts were made to make records of wartime activities and damage as a result of the war. In that process, gender considerations were blurred as experiences were redrawn in a nationalist Nihonjinron narrative. As a result many of the narratives of aerial bombing came to focus on children as the major victims. This article argues for the importance of rethinking those narratives from a gender perspective. 35