1 I. 3 1. 4 2. 6 3. 7 4. 8 4.1 8 4.2 ( ) 9 4.3 13 4.4 16 4.5 17 5. 19 5.1 20 5.2 25 5.3 33 6. 37 6.1 37 6.2 41 6.3 44 7. 46 7.1 46 7.2 47
II. 48 A 50 1 50 2 51 3 56 4 59 60 B 61 1 61 2 62 3 65 4 67 68 69 70 72
( ) ( ) PRTR 1
( ) ( ) 2 ( ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. METILIS 7. 8. 2
I. 3
4 1. ( ) ( 5. ) ( 6. ) (I-1 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 A B ( ) ( ) I-1 5
2. (1) (2) (1) ( ) (2) 6
7 3. I-2 ( ) I-2
4. 4.1 2 A B X Y X Y 8
4.2 ( ) 4.1 B ( ) A ( ) ( ) (1) ( ) PRTR 1 PRTR PRTR PRTR ( 4.3 ) ( ) 3 I-1 I-1 (1) 1 Pollutant Release and Transfer Register 9
I-1 ( ) ( 5kg 5 ) 500kg 50kg 500kg 50kg (2) ( 5kg 150kg ) 100kg 50kg 100kg 50kg 10
(2) ( MSDS 2 ) 3 (GHS) () (GHS) GHS GHS MSDS GHS 4 GHS 3 I-2 5 I-2 GHS GHS 12 12 12 I ( ) 1 1 1 12 ( ) 2 II 2 3 3 III 4 2 Material Safety Data Sheet 3 GHS (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals) 2003 4 GHS 1500 GHS HP (http://www.safe.nite.go.jp/ghs/ghsi.html) 5 I-2 ( 18 3 ) I 2 / ( ) 11
II 1 2 3 (3) (1) (2) I-3 ( 1) 13 I-3 I 1 1 2 III 2 3 3 12
4.3 PRTR (PRTR ) PRTR (PRTR ) ( ) PRTR (PRTR ) PRTR PRTR (PRTR ) PRTR PRTR (PRTR ) PRTR (PRTR PRTR ) I-14 13
( ) 4.1(p.8) B ( ) I-14 ( ) ( ) 14
I-4 PRTR PRTR (3 ) AD A ( ) B C ( ) D III 11 () ( () ) () 28 15
4.4 4.1 (p.8) A B OECD 16
4.5 I-3 I-3 (1) ( ) ( ) ( ) (I-5) I-5 ( ) / 17
(2) ( ) 2 (4.1 p.8) I-4 A ( ) 4 B ( ) I-4 2 18
5. ( ) I-5 WHO 6 ( ) () 7 I-5 5.1 6 19 3 WHO WHO 2005 (WHO air quality guidelines for Europe,2005) (http://www.euro.who.int/air/activities/20050222_2) 7 (() 18 12 19
5.1 (1) MSDS (2) (3) I-1 I-1 28 150180 750950 1 6 1 8 9 8 OECD 9 GLP (Good Laboratory Practice ) 3 20
(1) MSDS MSDS (GHS ) I-6 11. I-6 I-6 GHS MSDS 1 7 13 2 8 14 3 9 15 4 10 16 5 11 6 12 MSDS (GHS ) (http://www.meti.go.jp/policy/chemical_management/law/msds/msds62.html) 21
11 LD 50 3,500mg/kg 27) LD 50 4,300mg/kg 33) ( 5) LD 50 4,350mg/kg 9) ( ) LD 50 29.08mg/L/4 52) ( 2) (moderate) ( 2A) in vivo in vivo ( ) 52), 27), 40), 39) in vivo ACGIH 46) A4IARC 40) 3 52), 35), 32) 1B ( 1B) ( ) 52) 33) 35) 1( ) 3 ) ( 1) ( 3) 20) ( ) 52) 1( ) ( 1) o- m- p- ICSC 14) 2 ( 2) 52) GHS MSDS (http://www.jaish.gr.jp/user/anzen/kag/kag_main01.html) I-6 MSDS 22
550 * http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/index.html )) (2) () ( NEDO) () ( NITE) () ( CERI) () ( CRM) 3 I-7 1 I-7 ( 19 3 ) http://www.safe.nite.go.jp/data/sougou/pk_list.html?t 140 * NEDO able_name=hyoka CERINITE 54 * http://www.safe.nite.go.jp/risk/riskhykdl01.html NEDOCRM ( ) 12 http://unit.aist.go.jp/crm/mainmenu/1.html ( 115) http://www.env.go.jp/chemi/risk/index.html (230) * SIDS http://www.chem.unep.ch/irptc/sids/oecdsids/sids (SIDS Initial 350 * pub.html (OECD) Assessment Report) http://www.inchem.org/pages/ehc.html 190 EHC ( (EHC) / 60) * http://www.nihs.go.jp/dcbi/publist/ehchsg/ http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/cicad/pdf/en (WHO/IPCS) 63 * CICAD Executive Summary (CICAD) http://www.nihs.go.jp/cicad/cicad2.html http://ecb.jrc.it/existing-chemicals/ (EU) (EU Risk 69 * ( Document Risk Assessment Report Assessment Report) ) Integrated Risk Information System (U.S.EPA) (IRIS) http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxpro2.html ( Finalized Toxicological Profiles AZ Toxicological Profile 170 Index ( (U.S.ATSDR) http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/contaminant s/psl1-lsp1/index_e.html Priority Substance 70 *,Assessment Reports http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/contaminant s/psl2-lsp2/index_e.html * 23
(3) I-8 1 I-8 NITE http://www.safe.nit e.go.jp/japan/db.ht PRTR (CHRIP: Chemical Risk Information Platform)* ml 3 20 PRTR http://www.env.go.j * p/chemi/prtr/db/db. php3 PRTR (435 ) CAS PRTR http://www.jaish.gr. 54,000 jp/user/anzen/kag/ kag_main01.html MSDS ( ) http://w-chemdb.ni es.go.jp/ (WebKis-Plus)* (kis-net)( ) (kis-plus) Aquire ( ) CAS http://www.k-erc.pr ef.kanagawa.jp/kis KIS-NET* net/ ( ) http://61.204.48.89/ * jciadb/ CAS AQUIRE* http://cfpub.epa.go 8,400 (U.S. EPA) v/ecotox/index.html ECOTOX Aquire ( ) IUCLID http://ecb.jrc.it/esis/ CAS IUCLID (ECB) (International Uniform Chemical Information Database) Chemical Data Sheet view and save it IUCLID Dataset 2,600 * 24
5.2 (1) ( 3 ) (NOAEL) ( ) ( I-2) ( ) ( A) (NOEL) (NOAEL) (LOAEL) (I-9 ) I-7 (NOAEL) (LOAEL) I-3 I-10 I-9 Median Lethal 1 ( 1 4 ) LC 50 Concentration 50 LD 50 Median Lethal Dose 50 Lowest Observed LOAEL Adverse Effect Level No Observed NOAEL * Adverse Effect Level No Observed Effect NOEL Level Tolerable Daily TDI Intake ( NOAEL ) TDI Acceptable Daily ADI Intake * ( ) ( A) 25
I-2 ( ) ( 1 10 ) 1 0 [mg/m 3 ] 10 [mg/m 3 ] 50 [mg/m 3 ] 250 [mg/m 3 ] 1000 [mg/m 3 ] 1500 [mg/m 3 ] ( ) ( ) (I-7 ) ( ( ) ( ) (LOAEL) (NOAEL) (NOEL) I-7 26
I-3 ( ) (NOAEL) (NOAEL) (LOAEL) (NOAEL) (NOAEL) (NOAEL) I-4 (NOAEL) (mg/m 3 ) 1kg 1 (mg/kg/) (mg/m 3 ) 27
I-4 24 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 24 (mg/m 3 ) (NOAEL)(mg/m 3 ) /24 ( ) /7 () 1 8 5 188 mg/m 3 (, 2007) (mg/m 3 ) 188 (mg/m 3 ) 8/24 ( ) 5/7 () 44.8 mg/m 3 28
I-10 1 ( (24 ) 14 3 28 28 ) (2 ) ( ) (12 ) / / Maximiza- tion Test Buehler DNA (Ames ) 29
30 28 21 28 14 ( ) 28
(2) (NOAEL) (LOAEL) (UF) 10 (UF) I-11 11 I-11 10 10 LOAEL 10 (LOAEL ) ( NOAEL ) 1 (NOAEL ) 10 (1 ) 5 (3 ) 2 (6 ) 1 (6 ) Ver.2.0 (NEDOCERINITE,2007) (UF) NEDO 1 (NEDOCRM, 2005) I-11 (UFs) (UFs) [ ] [ ] [LOAEL ] [ ] 10 (Uncertainty FactorUF) (Assessment Factor) (Safety Factor) 11 10 31
3 (LOAEL) 3 (UFs) 1010105 5000 LOAEL (3) (1) (1) (NOAEL) (2) (UFs) NOAEL ( ) UFs ( ) (4) ( ) (3) ( ( ) 2 (UFs) ( ) 32
5.3 (1) 3 I-12 ( ) I-13 (NOEC) (LOEC) (NOEC) (NOEC) (LOEC) I-5 LC 50 I-12 (Median Lethal Concentration) EC 50 (Median Effective Concentration) 10% EC (10% Effective Concentration) LOEC (Lowest Observed Effect Concentration) NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration) 1 50 1 50 ( ) 1 10% ( ) I-13 ( ) ( ) 72 96 72 96 NOEC (EC 10 ) ( ) EC 50 ( ) 7 24 48 NOEC EC 50 LC 50 21 96 LC 50 NOEC LOECLC 50 ( ) Ver.2.0 (NEDOCERINITE,2007) 33
I-5 3 3 3 (OECD ) ( 2003 ) (TG201) (TG202) (TG211) (TG203) (TG210) (OECD ) GLP (NOEC) 34
(2) (UF) 12 I-14 OECD SIDS 13 (UF) 3 3 3 3 ( I-13 ) (UF) I-14 (UF) (UF) 10 2 2 5 1 10 100 Ver.2.0 (NEDOCERINITE,2007) (UF) Ver.2.0 (NEDOCERINITE, 2007) I-14 (UFs) (UFs) [ ] [ 2 1 ] 12 (UF) ( ) (UF) (AF) (UF) 13 SIDS (Screening Information Data Set) Initial Assessment Report 35
(NOEC) (LOEC) (NOEC) (UFs) 105 50 2 2 ( ) (3) (PNEC) (PNEC Predicted No Effect Concentration) (PNEC) (NOEC) (UFs) (PNEC) (NOEC) (UFs) (4) ( ) (3) (PNEC) ( ) ( ) (mg/l) (PNEC) (mg/l) 2 (NOEC) (UF) (PNEC) ( ) 36
6. 6.1 ( 1 ) (1) (2) 2 (1) ( ) I-15 37
1 1 (, 1997) (2) I-15 19 1 (http://www.env.go.jp/hourei/syousai.php?id=4000096) 4 2 4 (http://www.env.go.jp/air/osen/monitoring/index.html) 11 () GIS: (http://www-gis.nies.go.jp/air/yuugaimonitoring/index.html) 3 26 (http://www.env.go.jp/water/suiiki/index.html) 4 10 ( ) (http://www.env.go.jp/water/impure/kanshi.html) 27 3 300 (http://www.env.go.jp/water/chosa/index.html) 1 22 19 2 3 4 1 38
(2) (I-8) (Mackay, 2001) I-8 5 NEDO,CRM,2006 I-8 ( ) 39
( ) (, 2003) 40
6.2 (1) I-9 C ( x,y,z ) Q = 2πu σ C Q u s σ y,σ z z r H e s y σ z exp 0.5 y σ y 2 zr H exp 0.5 σ z e 2 zr + H + exp 0.5 σ z x,y,z (m 3 /m 3 ppbppm ) (m 3 N/) 14 (m/) (m) (m) (m) e 2, 2001 I-9 Pasquill-Gifford (Gifford, 1961) ( ) 14 m N (0 1atm) N Normal 41
(2) ( METILIS) METILIS 15 METI-LIS METI-LIS METI-LIS () 2.03 METI-LIS METI-LIS METI-LIS http://www.jemai.or.jp/cache/tech_details_detailobj1816.cfm METI-LIS METI-LIS ver.2 http://unit.aist.go.jp/crm/mainmenu/meti-lis_note_nov05.pdf METI-LIS 1,4- (, 2005) I-10 I-10 1,4-1,4-79 10m 2001 1.5m 50m 111µg/m 3 15 Ministry of Economy, Trade and IndustryLow rise Industrial Source dispersion MODEL 42
, 2005 I-10 METI-LIS 1,4- METI-LIS 6 43
6.3 L C S = QS C S (mg/l) L (g/) Q S (m 3 /) ( [ ]) (http://www1.river.go.jp/) I-16 7 I-16 95 185 275 355 ( ) NEDO 5 6.3m 3 / ( Ver.2.0 (NEDOCERINITE, 2007)) 1/10 44
10 1/10 45
7. 2 3 ( ) (Hazard Quotient: HQ) (HQ) 1 1 7.1 2 ( ) 3 (HQ) (HQ) 1 (HQ) (mg/m 3 ) ( ) (mg/m 3 ) (HQ) 1 (HQ) 1 46
7.2 2 ( ) 3 (HQ) (HQ) 1 (HQ) (mg/l) ( ) (mg/l) (HQ) 1 (HQ) 1 47
II. 48
2 A B ( ) ( ) ( NPE) 49
A 1 PRTR 50 (o m p ) ( 800Pa(20) ) (2) 700~900Pa (IPCS, 2002) 50
2 (1) I-7 I-8 (p.23~24) NEDO ( ) NITE http://www.safe.nite.go.jp/risk/nedotop.html 51
9 9.2.2 1 52
1 9.2.2 9.2.2 m- 3 ( ) NOAEL 50 ppm (221 mg/m 3 ) (Korsak et al, 1994) 6 / 5 / 1 29 mg/kg/ 1) F344 103 NOAEL 250 mg/kg/(u.s.ntp, 1986) 5 / 1 180 mg/kg/ 2) 500 ppm o- 714 NOAEL 150 mg/m 3 (Ungvary et al., 1980b) 1 110 mg/kg/ 3) 615 NOAEL 1,030mg/kg/ (Marks et al., 1982) NOAEL IARC p- 3 ( ) () ( ) ) 9.2.2 II-1 II-1 3 NOAEL 50ppm (221 mg/m 3 ) (500 ppm) 7~14 NOAEL 150 mg/m 3 53
(2) (NOAEL) (NOAEL) 221mg/m 3 (NOAEL) 150mg/m 3 (NOAEL) (NOAEL) 150mg/m 3 ( p.28 I-4 ) (NOAEL) 1 (221mg/m 3 ) 6 / 5 / (NOAEL) (mg/m 3 ) (NOAEL) (mg/m 3 ) /24 ( ) /7 () 221 (mg/m 3 ) 6/24 ( ) 5/7 () 39.5 (mg/m 3 ) (NOAEL) (150mg/m 3 ) 1 ( 8.4 ( ) p.67 6 ) 714 (24 /) 7~14 24 / (NOAEL) (mg/m 3 ) (NOAEL) (mg/m 3 ) /24 ( ) /7 () 150 (mg/m 3 ) 24/24 ( ) 7/7 () 150 (mg/m 3 ) (39.5 mg/m 3 ) (150mg/m 3 ) 39.5 mg/m 3 54
(3) (2) (NOAEL) (NOAEL) 3 I-11(p.20) (UF) II-2 UF 10 10 LOAEL (NOAEL ) 1 3 5 (UFs) (UFs) ( ) 10 ( ) 10 (LOAEL ) 1 ( ) 5 500 (4) (2) (NOAEL) (3) (UFs) (mg/m 3 ) (NOAEL) (mg/m 3 ) (UFs) 39.5 (mg/m 3 ) 500 0.08 (mg/m 3 ) (5) ( ) (4) ( ) ( ) (mg/m 3 ) (mg/m 3 ) 0.08 (mg/m 3 ) 55
3 1 METI-LIS 6 (1) METI-LIS II-1 METI-LIS 10 II-1 METI-LIS (2) II-3 50m (II-2) 1.5m 2003 II-3 1 2003 17% 3.6m/ 5km (NEDO,CRM, 2006) 56
II-3 METI-LIS 50m 1.5m 1 6m 1100m 50 ( II-2 ) 1 365 1 8 (9 17 ) 2003 ( ) II-2 57
II-3 ( 2003 ) (3) II-3 METI-LIS II-4 II-4 II-4 (0.15mg/m 3 ) ( ) II-4 58
4 2 ( ) 3 (HQ) (HQ) (mg/m 3 ) ( ) (mg/m 3 ) 0.15 (mg/m 3 ) 0.08 (mg/m 3 ) 1.9 (HQ) 1.9 1 30 20 METI-LIS 20 0.06mg/m 3 (HQ) 0.751 50 20 (HQ) 1 59
14 60
B 1 X Y X X ( ) ( NPE) NPE PRTR NPE ( A) 60kg NPE (EO ) EO NPE ( (EO ) ) NPE (NPE 6 Koc6.1) (NPE 6 3.210 8 (25)) 61
2 (1) I-7 I-8 (p.23~24) NEDO ( ) NITE ( ) (p.51 ) 9 9.1.2 ( 2 ) 2 NPE 9.1.2 9.1.2 NPE 9-1 3 ( ) (Dorn et al., 1993) (Hall et al., 1989; Reiff et al., 1979) (7. ) (48 LC 50 ) ( : NOEC) NPE NPE1.5 48 LC 50 0.11 mg/l (Hall et al., 1989) 9.1.2 NPE II-4 NPE 48 LC 50 0.11mg/L (NPE 1.5 ) 96 LC 50 1.0mg/L (NPE 9-10 ) 96 NOEC 8mg/L (NPE 9 ) 62
(2) 2 NPE 1.5 48 LC 50 0.11mg/L ( ) (3) (PNEC) (UF) I-14 (2) ( ) (UF) II-5 (UF) UF 10 2 2 1 100 0.1 ( 0.1()) () 3 3 ( ) 0.1 NPE 0.1 (UFs) LC 50 100 3 3 0.1 (UFs) ( ) 10 ( ) 100 () 0.1 100 63
(4) (PNEC) (2) (NOEC) (3) (UFs) (PNEC) (PNEC) (NOEC) (UFs) 0.11 (mg/l) 100 0.0011 (mg/l) (5) ( ) (4) ( ) ( ) (PNEC) 0.0011 (mg/l) 64
3 1 NPE A A A C S L Q S C = S L Q S (mg/l) (g/) (m 3 /) (1) (L) 60kg g/ 60kg/ g (kg) (g) (g/) (kg/) 31,536,000 (/) 10 3 (g/kg) 60 (kg/) 31,536,000 (/) 10 3 (g/kg) 1.910 3 (g/) (2) (Qs) A II-6 II-6 () ( 3 /sec) (Km 2 ) 30.. 1040.0 H14 () 2300.6 38.0 23.6 40.2 S30~H 11.55 7.03 0.03. A A S38~41 6 5 5 7 14....................................... ( 65
) (3) (Cs) (1) (2) (L) (Qs) (Cs) (Cs) (mg/l) (L) (Qs) 1.910 3 (g/) 7.03 (m 3 /) 2.710 4 (mg/l) A 2.710 4 (mg/l) 66
4 2 ( ) 3 (HQ) (HQ) (mg/l) ( )(mg/l) 2.710 4 (mg/l) 0.0011 (mg/l) 0.25 (HQ) 0.25 1 A 60kg NPE ( ) 67
68 14
13 PRTR PRTR 500 ( 18 11 ) 289 4 1 69
(2001) () ( 14 3 ) 13 (PRTR ) (http://www.prtr.nite.go.jp/prtr/calc.html) (2002) 2 ( 16 1 ) PRTR (3 )(http://www.prtr-info.jp/prtr/index.html) (4 ) (11 ) (4 ) (2002) ( 18 3 ) (1997) () (2005) 55 14, (2006) (20062007), Journal of Occupational Health, 48290306 () (NEDO) () (CERI) () (NITE)(2007) ver.2 (http://www.safe.nite.go.jp/risk/riskhykdl01.html) () (NEDO) () (CERI) () (NITE)(2005) Ver.1.0 No.62 () (NEDO) () (CERI) () (NITE)(2005) Ver.1.0 No.96 ( ) () (NEDO)() (CRM) (2006) (http://unit.aist.go.jp/crm/mainmenu/1-0-1.html) GHS (2006) (GHS) GHS ( 18.02.15 ) (http://www.safe.nite.go.jp/ghs/list.html) 70
GHS ( 18.2.10 ) GHS (http://www.meti.go.jp/policy/chemical_management/ghs/classification.htm),,,, (2005) 2 1,4-, NEDO, (), (2002) (2003) (1997) () (2003) () (2003) IPCS(International Programme on Chemical Safety) (2002) International Chemical Safety Cards, Geneva Gifford, F. A. (1962) Use of Routine Meteorological Observations for Estimating Atomospheric Dispersion, Nuclear Safety, Vol.2, No.4, pp.47-51. Mackay D. (2001) Multimedia Environmental Models: The Fugacity Approach, 2nd Ed., Lewis Publishers. 71
GHS...11 HQ... 46 LOAEL... 25 METI-LIS... 42 NOAEL... 25 NOEC... 33 NOEL... 25 PNEC... 36 PRTR... 9...17...39...9...41...44...17...4...18...17...17...37...46...26...25...19...31...41...11... 25 /... 17... 4... 9... 19... 17... 5... 18... 18... 18... 25... 8...29...33...25...25...4...19...26...36...4...6 72