79 79 81 84 87 92 99 104
850 km2 2004 11 79
2003 4,934 GDP2,789 32 59 2730 1,740 24.2 2002 4,524 11 Gasques et al.11 3.5 360 10 http://www.canaweb.br 2003 22 15 12 7 2003 111,478 66% 12,154 7% 19,633 12% 37,198 22% 42,493 25% 58,241 34% 25,114 15% 14,671 9% 10,327 6% 8,129 5% 169,719 100% 2004 80
R$ 2004 31 1US$=R$2.911R$= 35.85 2005 2 4 1US$=2.601R$= 39.93 2003 2003 / 4,290 38 1 2,602 34 2 2,140 29 1 1,709 29 2 1,538 20 1 1,302 29 1 1,232 28 2 1,192 82 1 1,052 23 1 542 16 4 369 4 4 189 5 4 21,281 3.8 3 Jank15 WTO 2003 EU15 178 81
2004 341 32 337 100 99 29 61 18 59 17 33 10 23 1.5 2004 212 51 +19.8 +19.1 +20.4 20 +38.6 +33 +51.4 34.4 19 2 16.2 57 +19.9 37 +17.4 29 +31 2003 82
2003 1 48.0 2 31.7 3 22.6 2004 2 1990 10 2003 2004 2003 2004 2,273,371 8.8 2,798,304 8.2 23.1 158,812 0.6 495,404 1.5 211.9 871,651 3.4 1,086,433 3.2 24.6 180,312 0.7 233,332 0.7 29.4 1,543,411 6.0 2,050,350 6.0 32.8 4,018,905 15.5 6,069,876 17.8 51.0 143,750 0.6 186,370 0.5 29.6 2,277,090 8.8 2,671,840 7.8 17.3 218,775 0.8 210,504 0.6-3.8 1,065,501 4.1 1,405,939 4.1 32.0 1,269,373 4.9 1,129,050 3.3-11.1 4,828,733 18.7 5,852,739 17.1 21.2 318,615 1.2 587,405 1.7 84.4 224,492 0.9 183,874 0.5-18.1 7,820,796 30.3 9,922,081 29.1 26.9-1,365,318-5.3-748,507-2.2-45.2 A) 25,848,269 100.0 34,134,994 100.0 32.1 B) 24,824,547 33,693,432 A/B 104.1 101.3 CONAB 83
14 1975 0.9 2004 4.1 29 4.5 1975 2.8 1.6 1975 62 38 2004 85 15 1990 2004 81 507kg/ha 73,767kg/ha 10 11 84
1995-96 88 332,363 88.1 182,095,152 70.1 14,041 3.7 59,734,024 23.0 12,293 3.3 16,910,633 6.5 18,510 4.9 1,066,984 0.4 377,207 100.0 259,808,703 100.0 IBGE12 500ha 3.4 50 85
10ha 1.3 10ha 11,047 50.2 2,034,813 1.3 10ha 100ha 7,713 35.0 20,621,997 13.4 100ha 500ha 2,523 11.5 39,458,638 25.7 500ha 744 3.4 91,652,618 59.6 22,027 100.0 153,768,067 100.0 13 0.83 86
4,220 2,360 16.6 1,950 13.7 1,820 12.8 980 6.9 50 10 2002 23.6 16.6% 19.5 13.7% EU 18.2 12.8% 9.8 6.9% 6.8 4.8% 6.4 4.5% 5.6 3.9% 5.1 3.6% 3.5 2.5% 3.3 2.3% 142.2 100.0% Serodio22 2002 4,381 1,339 32.7 75.8 91.8 82.4 102.0 133.8 87
10 2002 1 17.9 13.1% 2 15.0 10.5% 3 10.5 7.4% 4 10.0 7.0% 5 9.1 6.4% 6 6.5 4.6% 7 5.1 3.6% 8 3.7 2.6% 9 3.5 2.5% 10 2.4 1.7% 136.8 100.0% Serodio22 2003 379.6 138.6 36.5 115.0 30.3 34.0 9.0 88
2003/2004 27 2,640 2,667 1,082 442 1,524 1,014 129 21 2003/2004 2,667 1,524 57.1 1,014 38 129 4.8 82 88 2003/2004 320 226 89
52 48 MTBE 2000 2003 10 1,29 21.4 29.7 90
7.6 6.4 10 2003 (t) US$ FOB US$/t 1 3,841,524 29.7% 597,715,190 27.9% 155.59 2 979,825 7.6% 152,323,196 7.1% 155.46 3 820,975 6.4% 144,090,629 6.7% 175.51 4 763,550 5.9% 118,089,712 5.5% 154.66 5 734,839 5.7% 115,688,307 5.4% 157.43 6 519,693 4.0% 85,023,382 4.0% 163.60 7 515,130 4.0% 87,230,552 4.1% 169.34 8 513,589 4.0% 82,734,379 3.9% 161.09 9 339,601 2.6% 51,153,641 2.4% 150.63 10 320,849 2.5% 56,816,521 2.7% 177.08 12,914,468 100.0% 2,140,002,217 100.0% 165.71 UNICA 10 11 2003 146 63 43.4 56 38.1 16 11.1 3.4 2.4 2002 3.1 91
11 ( ) / 2001 2002 2003 662,959 29,537 396,528 22,766 557,114 23,238 230 140,570 41 134,707 - - 30,884 29,075 - - - - - - - - 0 214,000 - - - - 18,405 23,629 5 107,200 - - - - - - 45,778 23,418 34,177 21,560 198,821 28,569 186,848 22,461 162,761 22,235 589,845 26,906 773,789 22,169 634,377 21,200 35,835 28,431 56,945 22,919 54,553 20,759 1,518,579 28,370 1,459,929 22,440 1,461,387 22,115 92
Buainain and Souza Filho 25 (1) Sistema Nacional de Crédito Rural: 25 Caderneta Verde Banco do Brasil Banco do Nordeste Banco da Amazônia 2004/2005 394.5 287.5 8.75 Selic 17.74 2004 12 10 Moderfrota 55 107 51 (2) Programa de Garantia de Preços Mínimos: 1960 Aquisição do Governo Federal: Empréstimo do Governo Federal: 93
countercyclical payments 2002 8.75 12 1990 1973 1975 10 10 1980 90 94
12 1532 Martin Afonso de Souza 1534 15 1549 senhor de engenho 1929 1931 1933 22,789 8 4 4 1939 1,831 1973 US$4/ US$14/ 1975 Proálcool 76,593 1985 107 1975 6 1986 118 1979 180 1 1980 85 1979 US$30/ 1990 1990 95
1960,24 Economic Commission for Latin America: 1970 1980 1970 1990 1990 1995 (1) 1900 1997 1999 5.07 96
2003 11.5 60 40 25 2003 3 1990 1990 8,028 8,029 8,117 1997 1998 6 16 9,660 2003 1999 2001 12 19 10,336 2003 2003 25 27 554 (2) Cono Sul Mercado Comum do Sul Mercado Común del Sur 1990 1994 1993 1990 32.2 1993 14 32 0 14 97
1995 14 (1996 ( 55 10 55 10 55 10 55 8 55 10 55 8 55 10 0 55 55 0 35 55 8 55 20 10 10 55 10 20 35 10 14 55 10 35 10 1996 55 16 36 11 55 16 16 35 16 55 16 10 2004 10.2 10.4 25 17.5 1701 21.5 (3) 1990 98
30 150 1990 1990 1980 90 2003 9 G 2004 8 2004 99
2004 9 67, pp.115-122 1999 2004 10 WTO 2004 WTO 7 9 100
Jank, Araújo and Diaz17, 218-220 2004 4 step2 13 2005 3 15 2002 9 27 2002 11 21 22 2003 14 2003 2003 7 21 2003 8 29 3 2003 12 15 2003 12 23 2004 8 4 2004 9 8 2004 10 15 2005 13 (1) 160 (2) 101
ACP/India 160 260 2005 1 16 160 16 160.8 167.0 154.3 46.7 47.5 83.3 68.4 49.1 196.7 94.5 16.9 11.9 50.6 0.0 309.5 176.7 26.4 50.0 84.9 2.3 95.4 24.9 350.0 0.0 15.2 44.5 21.4 Jank16 102
17 122.3 15.3 12.5 150.1 2.39 1.6 1,304,700 10,000 85,463 17 1,223.0 1,501.0 153.0 23.9 9,110.0 14,500.0 14.6 US$/ton 0-98 /ton Jank16 338.7 US$/ton 339.0-419.0 /ton 18 10 1 4.4 2 1.8 3 1.5 4 1.5 5 1.3 6 1.2 7 1.1 8 1.1 9 0.8 10 0.6 Serodio22 103
18 10 10 10 2005 16 19 2004 2003 19 ( 2002 2003 2004 610,952 174,938 609,925 165,737 1,929,896 504,083 CONAB 104
Buainain, A. M. and H. M. Souza Filho(2001) Política Agrícola no Brasil: Evolução e Principais Instrumentos, Batalha (ed.), Gestão Agroindustrial 2, São Paulo, Editora Atlas, pp.325-383. 10 2000Agricultural, Trade and Food Security Issues and Options in the WTO Negotiations from the Perspective of Developing Countries Vol.II Country Case Studies. 11Gasques, J.G., G. C. de Rezende, C. M. V. Verde, J. C. P. R. da Conceição, J. C. de Souza., Carvalho and M. S. Salerno(2004)Desempenho e Crescimento do Agronegocio no Brasil, IPEA/DISET. 12 1998Censo Agropecuário 1995-1996 número 1 Brasil. 13 1998Censo Agropecuário 1995-1996 número 19 São Paulo. 14 (2004)Desempenho Externo do Agronegócio Brasileiro. 15Jank, M.S.(2004)Política Comercial e Negociações Agrícolas Internacionais, ICONE. 16Jank, M. S.(2004)Abertura de Mercados para Açúcar e Álcool: Negoçiações Internacionais e Contenciosos, ICONE 105
17 Jank, M. S., L. Araújo and J. Diaz(2004) The WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism in Perspective: Challenging Trade-Distorting Agricultural Subsidies, Lacarte, J and J. Granados(eds.), Inter-Governmental Trade Dispute Settlement: Multilateral and Regional Approaches, London, Cameron May. 18Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento(2004)Plano Agrícola e Pecuário 2004/05 Quanto Mais Forte o Campo Fica, Mais Força o Brasil Tem Para Crescer-. 19 (2004)Açúcal e álcool do Brasil Commodities da Energia e do Meio Ambiente. 20 (2003)Brazil: Future Agricultural Expansion Potential Underrated, January, 2003. Foreign Agricultural Service GAIN Report(#BR3015) 22Serodio, E.(2004)O Açúcar do Brasil Principais Mercados, Principais Barreiras, Principais Problemas-,. 23ProCana(online)Conheça o Setor - Um Mercado de R$36 Bilhões, http://www.procana.com.br/conteudo/conheca%20o%20setor.asp 24 (2004) European Communities-Export Subsidies on Sugar Complaint by Brazil, Report of the Panel(WT/DS266/R). 25 (2004)Trade Policy Review Brazil, Report by the Secretariat (WT/TPR/S/140). 106