特集 : アメリカの社会保障 アメリカの年金システム 吉田健三 2 1 1 I. Palme 1990 Espin-Andersen 1990 2003 18 33
Summer 2010 No. 171 II. 1941 1959 18 1966 25 GM 1980 2006 65 40 the United Auto WorkersUAW 2006 27.81 1 2005 2076 2 2 UAW 57,734 1966 254.57 9,7812006 31.91 66,251 UAW 32.32 3 1 2009 1,978 23,736 replacement rate 41.1 989 61.6 2 2003 GM 51.65 402066.0 24,792.0 42.9 3 GM1983Personal Savings Plan 5 1984 34
図 1(A) 2006 年退職の GM 社組立工の年金月額の推計 ( ドル ) 図 1(B) アメリカ人の賃金と年金受給額の平均 ( ドル ) 6000 6000 5000 5000 4000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 3000 2000 1000 0 General Motors 2003 SSA 2009 UAW 2007 BLS 2006 DOL 2006 1 4 65 150,025 GM 5 1 A 4,044 5,033 150,025 70-80 6 83.0 100 III. 1 GM UAW 1.5 GM GM GM 1996 22 7 GM 40 35
Summer 2010 No. 171 65 20 1033 8 10651 1980 GM 197561 198556 200514 9 6540 GM 2006 GM 1160.9 13930.86 10 UAW 2006 3,291.6 274.3 1/8 11 GM 1 B 2006 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 DOL 2000 2 earnings34,511 2,876 9.5 1/4 GM Defined Benefit PlansDB 21975 39 86.7DB DB GM 12 Defined Contribution PlansDC 1975 1996 DB 39 36
22DC 6232000 DB GM 2001 Salaried Workers 2010 2 DB earnings 12.4 13 2006 1177.50 1044.4 14 1 B 2006 earnings 34,511 2875 40.9 36.3 4 1983 15 21 3 16 365 36.7 3 37
Summer 2010 No. 171 100% 80% 60% 3 7 15 24 19 40% 82 80 20% 64 45 20 38 18 0% annuityira401 k SSA 2000 31998 64 65 33 9 20 3 182 280 4 45 518 19 38 3 15 64 1/4 1 32 7 24 5 20 2001 91 17 2001 38
40 1 2 IV. 1 1 18 2 1 1 individual equity social adequacy Primary Insurance AmountPIA 35 Average Indexed Monthly EarningsAIME 2008 AIME711 0.9 7114,2880.32 8,500 102,000 0.15 AIME 102,000 2008 4 A B 39
Summer 2010 No. 171 3000 100% 90% 2500 80% 2000 70% 60% 1500 50% 40% 1000 30% 500 20% 10% 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 800 9000 10000 0% 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 SSA 2009 4 1990 19 1972 Supple men tal Security Income 50 1850 40
41 35 2055 5517.7 609.7 2 1 20 2 1950 1984 5 1940 2064 40.8 1960 66.6 1990802006 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0% 1940. 1955. 1965. 1975. 1985. 1995. 2005. SSA 2009CEA 2008 5 20-65
Summer 2010 No. 171 79.3 96 65 76 91 400 5 15 21 82 4345 40300SEK 2007 42.3 17046SEK 22 3/4 400 1 20 652006 79.3 87.5 76.7 76.7 68.9 20-60 90.5 1 20-64 2006 79.3 2005 76.7 1 2 52.6 2007 1 2 76.7 2 2005 68.9 3 2007 87.5 1 4 90.5 75.0 2007 67.4 1 4 53.2 1.20-59 2. 3. 4. 60 2009 42
75.0 67.4 53.2 1 10 5 14 3 11 25 2 35 44 40 3 1 2OECD 38.65 37.1 58.2 1.51 1 2 OECD 2005 USD 2008 3266.40 1457.00 44.6 1079.00 33.0 38.6 EUR n.a. n.a. 1095.00 41.1 2007 2661.00 1330.50 50.0 836.00 31.4 52.9 EUR 2008 2507.00 1188.67 47.4 503.00 20.1 45.8 SEK 2005 24300.0 16112.0 66.3 9361.2 38.5 58.2 GBP 741.30 34.0 604.00 27.7 2008 2178.08 363.12 16.7 n.a. n.a. 37.1 JPN 175700 48.2 161059 44.2 2007 364333 66008 18.1 53602 14.7 50.3 65 43
Summer 2010 No. 171 44 16.7 18.1 33.0 27.7 30.0 41.1 38.5 44.2 2 1 2 41990 1983 2003 171,3652007 161,059 2005 9222009 1079 V. 1994 22 2 1 1 44
1 UAW 2007 2 BLS 2006 Table 2 p. 18 3 GM GM & UAW 2003 4 DOL 2006 5 GM2010 6 2003 pp. 142 7 DOL 1998 Table E.4 8 65 9 General Motors Corporation 2006 p. 5 2010 p. 78 10 General Motors Hourly-Rate Employees Pension Plan, Annual Return/Report of Employee Benefit Plan of 2006 Form 5500 11 DOL 2006 12 DC 20103 13 2.9 2008102,000 8,500 14 SSA 2009 15 1983 20032025 6567 6512 16 17 Social Security Administration SSA 2003Employee Benefit Research Institute EBRI 1997 18 2004 19 2007 20 212007 22 20104 2007 2007 No.158 2010 67 2008G W 2003 2003 2006 2010 II 2007 2007 No.158 2010 2009 2009 Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)(2006), National Compensation Survey: Occupational Wages in the United States, June 2006. Council of Economic Advisors(CEA)(2008), Economic Report of the President. Department of Labor (DOL)(2000)(2006), Pension Plan Bulletin. Espin-Andersen, G. (1990), The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Princeton University Press.G. - (2001) 45
Summer 2010 No. 171 General Motors Corporation(GM)(2006), 2005 Annual Report. GM & UAW (2003), What You Should Know about Your Benefits, Summary Plan Discription. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)(2005), Pensions at a Glance 2005. Palme, J. (1990), Pension Rights in Welfare Capitalism The Development of Old-Age Pensions in 18 OECD Countries 1930 to 1985, Swedish Institute for Social Research. Social Security Administration (SSA)(2009), Annual Statiscal Supplement to the Social Security Bulletin, 2008. United Auto Wokers (UAW)(2007), Fighting for America s Future Good Jobs, Strong Communities. http://www.sia.go.jp Social Security Administration http://www.ssa.gov Department for Work and Pensions http://www.dwp.gov.uk Caisse Nationale d Assurance Vieillesse http://www.cnav.fr Deutsche Rentenversicherung http://www.deutsche-rentenversicherung.de Pensions Myndigheten http://www.pensionmyndigheten.se 46