17 Shunde! Shunde 1 1910 2 806 km 2 110 40 610 km 2 2002 5 1 100 26 2004 1300 25 70 7 1 2005 8! Shunde 5 1 2003!
18 10 1 Alvin Y. So 2 2005 5 C 1 Alvin Y. So incorporation cyclical development 3 social classes analysis 15 16! 7 56 1 2004 5 55 2 2004 7 Alvin Y. So, South China Silk District : Local Historical Transformation and World-System Theory, State University of New York Press, 1986, p. 22.
Shunde 19 1840 42 1911 1920 3 129 3000 403 sericulture 200 3100 1 133.9 60 kg44 4000 8 8000 45 36 18 160 4 1 Freedman 1966 5 2 20 Chen 1973 6 3 marriage resistance movement Topley, 1975 ; Sankar, 1987 7 4 Wakeman, 1966 1840 42 8 1850 5 Eng 1978 Chan 19 9 75 10 Ibid., p. 17. Maurice Freedman, Chinese Lineage and Society : Fukien and Kwangtung, London, Athlone, 1966. Chen Han-seng, Landlord and peasant in China, Westport, CT : Hyperion, 1973. Marjorie Topley Marriage Resistance in Rural Kwangtung. in Margery Wolf and Roxane Witke ed. Women in Chinese Society, Stanford : Stanford University, 1975, Andrea P. Sankar, The Evolution of Sisterhood in Traditional Chinese Society, Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Michigan, 1978, pp. 57 58. Frederick Wakeman, Strangers at the Gate : Social Disorder in South China, 1839 1861, Berkeley and Los Angeles : University of California, 1966. Robert Y. Eng, Imperialism and the Chinese Economy : The Canton and Shanghai Silk Industry, 1861 1932, Ph. D. Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley., 1978.
20 1929 Lin 1979 11 precapitalism Anderson, 1974 12 16 37 1 2000 km 2 2900 7, 8 2 10 20 20 30 1200 1796 1949 137 12 1 13 embankment-building polder farm enclosure Wellington K. K. Chan Merchant Organizations in Late Imperial China, Journal of Hong Kong Branch of Royal Asiatic Society 15 : 28 42, 1975. Alfred HY. Lin, The Agrarian Crisis in pre-communist China : The Case of Kwangtung Province, inlee Ngok and Leung Chi-keung ed. China : Development and Challenge, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1979, pp. 85 116. Alvin Y. So, op. cit., p. 30 Ibid., p. 44.
Shunde 21 1 Alvin Y. So, South China Silk District : Local Historical Transformation and World-System Theory, State Univ. of New York Press, 1986, p. 43. 2000 5 10 2 3 30 70 multilayer landlord system 14 1 111 2 5 1103 1106 15 Ibid., p. 51 4 1 1 1996
22 2 the dike-pond system Kenneth Ruddle and Zhong Gongfu, Integrated agriculture-aquaculture in South China : the dike-pond system of the Zhujiang delta, Cambridge University Press, 1987, p. 81. 3 4 27 1452 5 16 ) $ $!#* ( " % +.,' -' )& 16 $ $! 12 600 the dikepond system 4 1 2
Shunde 23 Kenneth Ruddle and Zhong Gongfu, 1987 17 2 10 6 2 1517 1573 1619 2! 9 1581 4 84 2672.3 ha 25 15 1642 5 8094 3869 20 87 18 24 1759 60 1821 Kenneth Ruddle and Zhong Gongfu, Integrated agriculture-aquaculture in South China : the dike-pond system of the Zhujiang delta, Cambridge University Press, 1987. 4 1 3 2
24 1 17 19 20 21 3 1911 Alvin Y. So, op. cit., p. 156 105 1998 1 284 Microsoft! Encarta! Reference Library 2003
Shunde 25 22 3 21 1542 23 2 24 25 26 6 8 27 191 192 1956 3 1959 76, 1996 1 46 6 1981 3 55 2002 1 31 81 56, 69, 80 81 1972 78 79 1960 8 65 1992 3 1 57 58 1960 4 1943 103 105
26 28 1905 29 1 1 4 318 111 30 75 140 1800 9 12 1873 32 2 8 1 47 5 2002 43
Shunde 27 2 10 10 35 1607 2 1621 2 100 2 39 2 2000 m 2 30 8 380 3 2000 800 1 3 300 1500 78 37 32
28 2! 30 1951 2 2004 209 226
Shunde 29 200 300 1929 1 83 12 72 2 1 1!!!!! 1 31 1841 100 1 51
30 7 1857 14 3 1851 1864 32 33! 1872 34 4 1854 13 1874 1878 35! 1881 36! 105, 1988 1 286 287 423 1975 8 2 6, 11 12! 1872 1874 600 700 1994 55 56 29 24 540 1985 4 45 2 3, 1959 10
Shunde 31 1917 37 38 39 700, 800 100 50 40 1917 2 30 60 41 19 13 1874 1875 1908 1919 8 7 29 8 2 1 11 1917 6 8 9 1917 8. 21 4 1 2 4
32 10 30 1 9980 ha 1908 10 15 500 13 1887 42 3 1911 142 1890 9 6 5 5000 1909 135 6000 1910 128 5000 20 1 42 1 2 43 19 70 44 1 1905 9 1 54 1992 430 431 637
Shunde 33 1 45 19 20 46 1 8 47 450 1920 48 49 19 1920! 219 34 2 3 1989 12 9 220 221 116 148
34 1882 50 2 the traditional gentrymerchants the new gentry-merchants! 9 the Nine Charitable Halls at Canton 1920 20 51 1 4 1915 11 4 43.2 48.4 9 18 1920 29 10 1 135 80.83 2 18 3 1 44 65.2 1 52 Alvin Y So, op. cit., pp. 224 116
Shunde 35 50 55 1920 52 1 1911 1898 53 1865 1936 1878 1944 1852 1933 1874 1915 1833 1907 12 1873 4 1 2 6 1 Bruce Lee 1940 20 19
36 1886 1942 1919 18 500 800 1 1 20 400 600 1 1888 1963 1918 200 1 19 1865 1943 54 1920 20 1920 2 1920 200 1999 38 41
Shunde 37 1 1000 1875 1898 1918 1925 1927 63.5 1,017 877 1,000 1,140 89 21.2 350 267 350 545 31 0.8 30 30 30 97 6 6.1 102 100 100 123 9 15.8 317 640 600 468 35 1.9 45 70 60 110 8 44.3 717 768 1,000 1,057 67 7.8 142 100 43 3 1.8 99 28 90 79 4 163.2 2,819* 2,994 i 3,330* 3,662 252 Robert Y. Eng, Economic Imperialism in China : Silk Production and Exports, 1861 1932 China Research Monograph University of California Inst of East, 1986, p. 35. 2 1923 1,000 1 A B A A B 436.0 665.0 1,440,000 152,600 242,060 297.6 300.0 200,000 83,330 96,600 100.0 328.8 382,600 28,000 105,874 60.0 60.0 50,000 21,000 21,840 30.0 30.0 25,000 6,300 8,400 10.0 10.0 15,000 2,800 3,220 28.6 28.6 25,000 8,000 8,000 10.7 17.0 20,000 3,000 4,760 0.5 20 90.0 90,000 25,200 1,008.9 1,555.7 2,278,600 315,110 523,205 A 1922 estimates by the Guangdong Experimental Station in Agriculture and Forestry from Liu Boyuan, Guangdong canye diaocha baogaoshu Canton, 1922 83 4 B 1923 estimates by the Canton Christian College from C. W. Howard and K. P. Buswell,A Survey of the Silk Industry of South China Canton, 1925 overleaf on p. 36. Robert Y. Eng, op. cit., p. 100 1920 6000 1000 1918 1 1920
38 8 20 30 3 50 1 1920 55 2 1923 A B 227 8600 144 "#$! 1 70 80 1 40 30 3 1886 1925 1886 1890 36.3 46.5 1921 1925 23.4 45.7 30 45 56 40 3 8 3 5 9 1912 57 Robert Y. Eng, Economic Imperialism in China : Silk Production and Exports, 1861 1932 China Research Monograph University of California Inst of East, 1986, p. 35. Ibid., p. 13 1912 6 14
Shunde 39 1920 58 59 1882 1920 1920 1924 60 61 1929 23 1934 23 82.2 28 16 24 13 62 10 17 22 1996 243 244, 246 248 269 273 1900 1910 1968 202 26 3 1975 7 1 58 243
40 84.7 19 1930 1930 1931 1938 1942 the world-system dynamics 62!! 63 1924! Alvin Y. So, op. cit., p. 75. 1 47
Shunde 41 1929 IT 2001 3 IT 1978 2 2