6 1. 1.1 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Great Britain Scottish Parliament 365
6-1 49856 2938 5057 1703 59554 83.7% 4.9% 8.5% 2.9% 130281 20732 77925 13576 242514 53.7% 8.5% 32.1% 5.6% 84854 5209 9694 289 100046 84.8% 5.2% 9.7% 0.3% 12158 738 1028 87 14011 86.8% 5.3% 7.3% 0.6% 296131 20277 37152 13527 367086 80.7% 5.5% 10.1% 3.7% 2003/04 Annual Abstract 2005, Public Expenditure Statistical Analysis 2005 1.2 19 1835 19 6-1 County 5 County Borough 19 1960 1960 1970 6-2 366
Greater London Council 1970 [2002, p.101] 1970 1980 367
6-2 19 <1888 > County Councils(58) County Borough Councils(82) London County Council(1) Non-County Borough Councils(270) <1894 > County Councils(58) Urban District Councils(5 35) Rural District Councils(4 72) Non-County Borough Councils(270) County Borough Councils(82 ) London City Council(1) <1899 > County Councils(58) County London County Council(1) Urban District Councils(5 35) Rural District Councils(4 72) Non-County Borough Councils(270 ) Borough Councils( 82) Metropolitan Borough Councils (28) City of London( 1) p.15 6-3 1972 1986 <1972 1986 > County Councils( 47) Metropolitan County Councils(6) Greater London Council(1) District Councils( 333) Metropolitan District Councils(36) London Borough Councils(32) City of London(1) 368
1.3 1986 1983 White Paper 6 1 1 2 87 16 26 3 1981 6 2 1 [1998:6] 2 p.6 369
1991 Green Paper 3 Unitary Authority 4 1995 46 East Riding of Yorkshire North Lincolnshire Metropolitan District 2. 2.1 1972 Local Government Act 1972 1985 3 White Paper [1999] 4 K [2002] 370
Ultra Vires Local Act EU Ultra Vires Local Act 1997 5 6-4 Local Act 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 23 21 18 16 11 13 4 5 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 4 8 5 6 5 6 Office of Public Sector Information http://www.opsi.gov.uk/ 2.2 1997 5 Regional Development Agency Greater London Authority GLA 6 2.2.1 Devolution 5 [2003:121] 1997 PFI 6 [2003] [2000] [2001] [2001] 371
Secretary of State for Scotland 7 1960 1990 1997 1998 Scotland Act 1999 7 First Minister 12,000 1998 Schedule 5 7 [2001:168-172] 372
2.2.2 The National Assembly for Wales Government of Wales Act 1999 7 Secretary of State for Wales 2000 Fisrt Secretary Parliament Assembly Schedule2 8 2.2.3 90 1921 8 [2001:26] 373
1998 4 Northern Ireland Assembly Irish Republican Army: IRA 1998 Northern Ireland Act Schedule 2 Schedule 3 First Minister cross-community support cross-community support 2.2.4 374
GLA 8 RDA Regional Chamber Government Office for the Region Regional Offices 9 Regional Assembly 10 Government Office for the Region 1994 Dept. of Environment Dept. of Trade and Industry Dept. of Transport Dept. of Employment DETR DfEE DTI 9 1997 pp.190-192 10 pp.192 1970 375
SRB Regional Development Agency 1999 8 QUANGO 1998 RDA act 5 8 15 Single Regeneration Budget SRB SRB the Regional Office of English Partnership Rural Challenge Rural Loan Fund Programmes of the Rural Development Commission SRB SRB 7 1999 SRB Single Budget SRB 6 2000 376
11 2002 Regional Assembly RDA RDA Regional Assembly constitution 70 30 30 100 Your Region, Your Choice, 2002 11 SRB 7 377
Regional Strategy Boundary Committee 2003 North East North West Yorkshire and the Humber 3 2003 Regional Assembly(Preparations)Act North East Regional Assembly 2004 11 4 Great London Authority 1986 Greater London Council 32 London Borough 25 4 378
2004/05 56 34 5 4% GLA 1 2005/06 55 8 2.3 1997 GLA 379
10 5 85 1976 85 5 10 12 6-5 GLA RDA RDA 12 [2001:172-173] 380
3. Revenue Support Grant RSG Redistributed Business Rates Specific and Special Grants Council Tax 2003/04 18 6-6 Summary of local authority income 1998-99 to 2003-04 million 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Grant income: Revenue Support Grant 19,480 19,875 19,437 21,093 19,889 24,215 Redistributed business rates 12,524 13,612 15,400 15,137 16,626 15,604 Police Grant 3,375 3,505 3,627 3,798 3,808 4,079 Specific and special grants inside 2,335 2,921 4,671 6,552 8,901 13,447 Aggregate External Finance(AEF) Other grants inside AEF( a) 120 126 81 33 35 43 Grants outside AEF( b) 7,029 6,247 6,038 6,506 8,917 9,441 Housing subsidy 3,298 3,041 2,769 4,053 3,860 3,730 Grants towards capital expenditure 2,088 2,147 2,451 3,188 3,683 3,527 Total grant income 50,249 51,474 54,474 60,361 65,719 74,086 Locally-funded income: Council tax( c) 12,436 13,368 14,292 15,296 16,648 18,946 External interest receipts 990 791 895 917 851 765 Capital receipts 2,662 3,651 3,512 3,579 5,040 5,322 Sales, fees and charges 7,020 7,303 8,143 9,023 9,685 10,191 Council rents(net of rebates) 2,891 2,886 2,958 2,925 2,765 2,717 Total locally-funded income 25,999 27,999 29,800 31,740 34,989 37,941 Other income and adjustments 5,161 5,541 5,113 5,775 6,617 7,557 Total income 81,409 85,014 89,387 97,876 107,325 119,584 Grants as a percentage of total income 62% 61% 61% 62% 61% 62% (a)includes Standard Spending Assessment Reduction Grant, Central Support Protection Grant, City of London offset, Transitional Reduction Scheme Grant and General GLA Grant. (b)excludes Council Tax Benefit Grant. (c)includes council taxes financed from Council Tax Benefit Grant but excludes council taxes financed from local authority contributions to council tax benefit. Local Government Financial Statistics(England), Office of Deputy Prime Minister 381
3.1 1601 1925 1966 Domestic Rate Non Domestic Rate Block Grant 1988 Poll Tax 1992 382
3.2 1888 1929 5 1948 1958 Rate Deficiency Grant General Grant 1966 Rate Support Grant Resource Element Needs Element Domestic Element Formula Block Grants 383
RSG 1988 1990 4 Total Standard Spending Standard Spending Assessments SSA 7 3.3 51 Police Grant Aggregated External Finance AEF AEF Education Standards Fund GLA Transport Grant Mandatory Rent Allowance Subsidy Grant Council Tax Benefit Grant 2002 Single Capital Pot 384
Formula 95 Formula 5 3.4 1989 National Debt Office Public Works Loan Board 2002 7 UK Debt Management Office loan instrument 2000 90.3 2000 1.9 1989 Basic Credit Approval BCA Supplementary CA SCA Annual Capital Guidelines ACGs Receipts Taken Into Account RTIA 2002 BCA SCA BCA 13 ACGs 5 2003 Supported Capital Expenditure SCE 13 [2004:7] 385
3.5 TSS SSA SSA 20 1% 5% 10% 10% Gearing Effect 1984 SSA 386
1999 2001 12 Strong Local Leadership 1/3 2003 ACGs 2003 Prudential System the Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy CIPFA Prudential Code SCE(R) Prudential Code 387
Prudential Code 1989 2003 Provision for Credit Liabilities PCL 2004 4 4. 4.1 NHS National Insurance Department of Work and Pensions 4.1.1 National Assistance Supplementary Benefit 1966 Income Support 1986 388
1997 HM Revenue and Customs Jobcentre Plus Pension Service 65 YES/ NO/ 6-7 16 65 65 60 Jobseekers Allowance Act 1996 389
16 26 Income-Based Jobseekers Allowance 4 28 Statutory Sick Pay 29 Incapacity Benefit 28 3 1 Pension Credit Saving Credit Working Tax Credit Income Support 390
60 16 Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 1992 Social Security Administration Act 1992 1999 Minimum Income Guarantee (2005 109.45 ) Working Families Tax Credit Disabled Person s Tax Credit 4.1.2 391
Child Benefit Child Tax Credit AEF 4.1.3 14 Retirement Pension State Second Pension Scheme SSPS 65 60 14 [2005] 392
90% 25 10 State Earning-Related Pension Scheme SERPS 2002 4 SSPS SERPS SERPS SSPS SERPS SSPS SERPS 66 SSPS 2001 SSPS 393
4.2 15 National Health Service NHS NHS NHS 1974 20 16 3% NHS 1946 National Health Service Act 1946 NHS voluntary hospital 1911 17 NHS Department of Health NHS NHS Strategic Health Authorities 15 [2005] 16 2001 2003 1% NHS 17 [2005] 394
Primary Care Trust PCT NHS 18 28 NHS 273 PCT(303) GP [2005:34] 2003 6-8 NHS General Practitioners GP 1990 NHS NHS GP Fundholders NHS NHS 18 [2005] 395
GP 1997 GP PCT 100 28 PCT 2004 85 PCT GP GP NHS PCT PCT 1999 Health Act PCT PCT PCT NHS GP NHS PCT GP 2003 NHS PCT PCT NHS NHS NHS Foundation Trust FT FT NHS 396
NHS FT FT FT NHS 2005 4 25 FT NHS 1948 NHS NHS 1999 Health Act Commission for Health Improvement CHI 2000 4 NHS NHS 2000 National Care Standard Commission 2003 Health and Social Care(Community Health and Standard)Act The Commission for Health Care Audit and Inspection CHAI 4.3 Department of Health, Social Service, and Public Safety Social Service Department 397
National Health Service NHS 1970 1970 Local Authority Social Service Act 1970 7 1970 1990 NHS 4.3.1 1990 NHS 398
NHS Joint Consultative Committee: JCC JCC NHS 1 3 19 NHS NHS 19 Special Transfer Grant STG STG 85 399
NHS PCT 2000 Care Standards Act 2002 Non-Departmental Public Body NDPB National Care Standards Commission NCSC NHS Strategic Health Office NCSC 2002 2004 4 Social Service Inspectorates SSI Commission for Social Care Inspection CSCI NHS AEF 400
6-9 100 2430 4797 619 2225 617 189 95 599 163 147 211 20 2525 5396 782 2372 828 209 397 1628 122 698 190 21 2128 3768 660 1674 638 188 4.3.2 1989 Children Act 5 NHS Area Review Committee 401
AEF NCSC 2003 4 CSCI Office for Standards in Education OfSTED 2005 CSCI OfSTED 6-10 100 787 104 537 107 174 97 194 421 850 3271 4 8 1 4 1 1 1 2-65 783 96 536 103 173 96 193 419 850 3206 5. 1944 Education Act Local Educational Authority LEA 402
20 1988 Education Reform Act 1944 1944 LEA LEA LEA LEA LEA 2002 21 2002 11 16 20 [2004] [2005:100] 21 [2005:102] 403
[2002:14] 6-11 5.1 6 5 2 404
community schools voluntary aided schools voluntary controlled schools foundation schools LEA LEA 2002 1996 5 comprehensive grammar specialist city technology colleges CTC 4 CTC CTC 1988 1988 1996 405
5 7 1 K1 7 11 2 K2 11 14 3 K3 14 16 4 K4 K1 1991 K2 1995 K3 1993 National Test 22 K4 General Certificate of Secondary Education GCSE 23 GCSE K1 1997 NDPB Qualifications and Curriculum Authority QCA K4 GCSE QCA 5 Awarding Bodies NDPB Office for Standards in Education OfSTED OfSTED 1992 1992 1993 22 [2005] 23 K4 QCA 2002 406
failing schools 2 5.2 Further Education Funding Council HEFC GCSE General Certificate of Education GCE A AS GCE General National Vocational Qualification GNVQ National Vocational Qualification NVQ National Qualification Framework NQF GCSE GCE GCSE QCA GNVQ 3 407
1992 Further and Higher Education Act NDPB Higher Education Funding Council HEFC 6 1998 Learning and Skills Act 1970 1998 Teaching and Higher Education Act University College Research Assessment Exercise RAE HEFC 1992 Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education QAA 1999 HEFC QAA 408
HEFC 6. 6.1 20 1947 Town and Country Planning Act 1990 Guidance 1990 Planning Policy Guidance PPGs Reginal Planning Guidance Notes RPGs 15 Structure Plan 10 Local Plan Unitary Development Plan RDA GO 409
Planning Policy Statements PPS Planning Policy Guidance notes PPGs Minerals Policy Statements MPS Minerals Planning Guidance Notes MPGs 2004 Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act Regional Spatial Strategy RSS Regional Planning Body RPB 2004 RPB 10 15 RPB GLA GLA RSS Spatial Development Strategy SDS RSS Local Planning Authorities Local Development Frameworks LDF LDF Local Development Scheme LDS LDS Local Development Documents LDDs LDDs LDDs Development Plan Documents DPDs Supplementary Planning Documents SPDs RSS GLA SDS Development Plan Documents Broad Authority Minerals and Waste Development Plan 410
DPDs 6.2 trunk roads 1 primary route 2 secondary route unclassified roads Highway Agency motorways Local Highway Authority 1 2 1998 A New Deal for Transport 2000 Transport Act Transport 2010 10 411
Passenger Transport Authority GLA Transport for London RSS Regional Transport Plan RTS Local Transport Plan LTP 5 2000 5 LTP 2000 RTS LTP LDF 6.3 24 1848 Public Health Act 1948 NHS 1947 Town and Country Planning Act 1974 Control of Pollution Act 24 [2004] 412
Disposal Authority Collection Authority 1974 1990 Environmental Protection Act EU Integrated Pollution Control 25 Regulation Authority 1995 Environmental Act Environmental Agency Scottish Environmental Protection Agency 1995 25 [2003:293] 413
1990 Waste Disposal Authority 2 Waste Authority 4 7. 26 7.1 GLA Metropolitan Police Authority 100 GLA Home Office Royal Ulster Constabulary 6 Police Authority 27 26 [2003] 27 37 414
Chief Constable 2005 Serious Organised Crime and Police Act FBI Serious Organised Crime Agency SOCA SSA Police Grant RSG 7.2 415
GLA London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority LFEPA Office of Deputy Prime Minister ODPM 1947 Fire Services Act 6 Fire and Civil Defense Authority County Fire Authority Unitary Authority Combined Fire Authority 28 2004 Fire and Rescue Services Act Fire Authority Fire and Rescue Authority Integrated Risk Management Plan Fire and Rescue National Framework 8. 8.1 1987 306 GLC 28 30 416
29 Chief Executive Local Council 2000 GLA 2005 12 1989 Head of Paid Service 1972 Chief Financial Officer 1989 Monitoring Officer 1990 NHS Director of Social Service 29 [2000] 417
6-12 1962 1972 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 442 371 324 319 290 210 204 NHS 785 821 1227 1212 917 78 813 813 849 781 801 582 614 2040 2005 2400 2312 2008 870 818 1297 1365 1434 1486 1391 1193 1362 276 295 352 398 410 403 367 124 128 132 128 97 65 47 152 159 182 191 204 206 218 803 824 761 859 797 726 747 2652 2771 2865 3062 2899 2593 2741 4692 4776 5265 5374 4907 3463 3559 1856 1769 1554 864 457 242 242 NHS 314 1121 1360 153 160 202 121 105 128 137 2009 1929 1756 985 876 1491 1739 Economic Trend No.598 September 2003 8.2 National Joint Councils NJC NJC 18 418
1997 7 NJC NJC 30 index formula 30 [2000] [2005] 419
2003 School Teachers' Review Body 1965 the Remuneration of Teachers Act Burnham Main Committee 70 80 1985-86 1987 Teachers Pay and Conditions Act Interim Advisory Committee on School Teachers Pay and Conditions IAC 1991 IAC School Teachers Review Body 420
[2002] 658: 2-16; 659: 2-39. [2005] 560: 33-54; 561: 43-56. [2000] [2005] -- 120: 3-24. [2005] 2000 2003 657: 6-37. [2004] 17: 96-103. [2004] 2003 219: 67-104. [1996] 139(1): 1-19; 139(2): 1-21. [1997] 28(4): 1-37. [2001] 66: 173-225. [2004] 21 (1) 36(1/2): 55-81. [2001] -- 41(3 4): 343 403 [2005] 560: 22-32; 561: 33-42. [1998] CLAIR SUMMARY No. 33. [2000a] CLAIR Report 207 [2000b] CLAIR Report 208 [2001] CLAIR Report 217 [2002] CLAIR Report 421
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