258 29 3 2014 5 汎用人工知能 (AGI) への招待 2045 年問題 : コンピュータが人類を超える日 The Year 2045, When Computers Surpass Humankind 松田卓也 Takuya Matsuda NPO NPO Einstein. tmatsuda312@gmail.com Keywords: technological singularity, artificial intelligence, artificial general intelligence, technological unemployment. 1. はじめに Ray Kurzweil 2029, Technological Singularity 2045 [Kurzweil 05, 13].. 2.SF が描く近未来 1 2 2. DVD 100..,.,, 3 2030.,,.,,, 9. 1,,, 1 1995 2 2004 3 1999.., The Matrix 2 The Matrix Reloaded, The Atchitect. 4,,. 3. 21 世紀は人類文明の分岐点 3 1 21 世紀の覇権を握る人工知能 21,,, 20 21. 21,. 6000,,21 Transcendent man, 4 1984
2045 259 Transhuman,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20,,20,,.,.,, Stuxnet [Sanger 12]. 3 2 頭脳の解明で新しいチップを.EU 2013 1,600,10., 2013. IBM SyNAPSE, [Kelly 13].,,.., 512 D-Wave, 2. NASA, [ 14]. 4. 2030 年までの世界 4 1 知能増強. Intelligence Amplification: IA Artificial Intelligence: AI..,,,. Wolfram Alpha,., IBM,2011 Jeopardy! [Kelly 13]..,. Apple Siri, Augmented Reality AR.2020 5... Her 6, 4 2 強い人工知能と弱い人工知能..,..,. 10, 5 2007 6 2014
260 29 3 2014 5,,. Deep Learning [Steiner 12]. 4 3 失業の第三の波 2030,., [Brynjolfsson 11, Brynjolfsson 14]...,.,.,,,,,,,..Brynjorfson,,,, 19 [Brynjolfsson 11].Ford [Ford 09].Pistono [Pistono 12]. 4 4 弱い人工知能とロボットサイバー戦争 2030...,,, 7 [Singer 09]. 5. 技術的特異点までの世界 2030.? [Barrat 13].,,.,, [Barrat 13]., [Turing 50]., 2029. D-Wave [Perrottet].. 2001 8 HAL 9000,.,,.,,.,,., J. Barrat,,, [Barrat 13]. 6. 技術的特異点以降の世界 6 1 カーツワイルの楽天的世界観 2045, 7 2008 8 1968
2045 261.. [Kurzweil 05, 13]. Transcendence 9,,. [Kurzweil 05]. 6 2 デ ガリスの人工知性戦争 ATR Hugo de Garis 21, 1 1 [de Garis 05].,.... Baratt [Barrat 13].,,. 21. [de Garis 05]. 6 3 デ ガリスの神と宇宙の創造 [de Garis, Goertzel].,,.,., [Vilenkin 82]. 9 2014,.,,.,CERN LHC,,,,1 000,21 参考文献 [Barrat 13] Barrat, J.: Our Final Invention: Artificial Intelligence and the End of the Human Era, Thomas Dunne Books 2013 [Brynjolfsson 11] Brynjolfsson, E. and McAfee, A.: Race Against the Machine: How the Digital Revolution is Accelerating Innovation, Driving Productivity, and Irreversibly Transforming Employment and the Economy, Digital Frontier Press 2011 [Brynjolfsson 14] Brynjolfsson E. and McAfee, A.: The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technology, W. W. Norton & Co Inc. 2014 [Ford 09] Ford, M.: The Lights in the Tunnel: Automation, Accelerating Technology and the Economy of the Future, Acculant Pub. 2009 [de Garis 05] de Garis, H.: The Artilect War: Cosmists vs. Terrans: A Bitter Controversy Concerning Whether Humanity Should Build Godlike Massively Intelligent Machines, Etc Pub. 2005 [de Garis] de Garis, H.: From Cosmism to deism, http://www. kurzweilai.net/from-cosmism-to-deism [Goertzel] Goertzel, B.: Is God an Alien Mathematician? http://hplusmagazine.com/2011/01/18/is-god-analien-mathematician/ [Kelly 13] Kelly, J. E. and Hamm, S.: Smart Machines: IBM s Watson and the Era of Cognitive Computing, Columbia Business School Pub. 2013 [Kurzweil 05] Kurzweil, R.: The Singularity Is Near When Humans Transcendent Biology, Penguin Books 2005 [ 13] 2045, 2013 [Perrottet] Perrottet, M.: Google s Artificial Intelligence Project : Is Google building a brain?, http://mperrottet. hubpages.com/hub/is-google-building-a-brain [Pistono 12] Pistono, F.: Robots Will Steal Your Job But That s OK: How to Survive the Economic Collapse and Be Happy, Kindle Edition 2012 [Sanger 12] Sanger, D. E.: Obama order sped up wave of cyberattacks against Iran, The New York Times June 1, 2012 [Singer 09] Singer, P. W.: Wired for War: The Robotics Revolution and Conflict in the 21st Century, Penguin Books 2009 [Steiner 12] Steiner, C.: Automate This: How Algorithms Came to Rule Our World, Penguin 2012 [Turing 50] Turing, A. M.: Computing machinery and intelligence, Mind, Vol. 59, No. 236, pp. 433-460 1950 [ 14] D-wave
262 29 3 2014 5,,Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 190-194 2014 [Vilenkin 82] Vilenkin, A.: Creation of universes from nothing, Phys. Lett., Vol. 117B 1982,http://mukto-mona. net/science/physics/a_vilinkin/universe_from_ nothing.pdf 2014 1 28 著者紹介 松田卓也 NPO,.1970.,..,.