QDR Quadrennial Defense Review NGO LAWS Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems CCW 4 LAWS LAWS LAWS LAWS LAWS 2 U.S. Department
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1 LAWS AI LAWS CCW LAWS LAWS LAWS LAWS 1 AI Artificial Intelligence ICT Information and Communications Technology 1 213
2 QDR Quadrennial Defense Review NGO LAWS Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems CCW 4 LAWS LAWS LAWS LAWS LAWS 2 U.S. Department of Defense, Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) 2014, March 4, 2014, p Ray Kurzweil, The Singularity is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology (New York: Viking, 2005). Ray Kurzweil CCW Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons 214
3 LAWS CCW LAWS LAWS LAWS LAWS LAWS LAWS Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems LAWS 20 5 Ray Kurzweil Noel Sharkey Kurzweil, The Singularity Is Near. 7 Noel Sharkey, Robot wars are a reality, the Guardian, August 18, 2007 < commentisfree/2007/aug/18/comment.military> accessed on October 7,
4 NGO CCW LAWS LAWS LAWS LAWS NGO HRW autonomy Human in the Loop Weapons Human on the Loop Weapons Human out of the Loop Weapons 9 10 LAWS Unmanned Air Vehicle UAV Unmanned Weapons automation 8 Philip Alston, Interim report of the Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions, A/65/321, August 23, 2010; Human Right Watch (HRW) and Harvard Laws School s International Human Rights Clinic (IHRC), Losing Humanity: The Case against Killer Robots, November 2012; Christof Heyns, Report of the Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Axecutions, A/HRC/23/47, April 9, HRW and IHRC, Losing Humanity, p Ibid., pp
5 LAWS Philip Alston D dirty dangerous dull HRW Alston, A/65/321, p Ibid., p UCAV Tim Weiner Pentagon Has Sights on Robot Soldiers, New York Times News Service, February 16, HRW and IHRC, Losing Humanity, pp Ibid., pp Ibid., pp
6 HRW Heyns 21 LAWS ,000 12, Ibid., pp Ibid., pp U.S. Department of Defense, Directive No on Autonomy in Weapon Systems, November 21, 2012, pp Heyns, A/HRC/23/47, pp Senate Committee on Armed Services, National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year (FY) 2001 Report, 106th Congress, 2nd Session, , May 12, 2000, p Public Law , NDAA for FY2001, 106th Congress, October 30, 2000, Sec Ibid., Sec
7 UAV ISR appropriate QDR 27 LAWS Paul Springer What If: Robots Go to War? 25 U.S. Department of Defense, Unmanned Aircraft Systems Roadmap , 2005, pp. 1-2 < mil/dtic/tr/fullex/u2/a pdf> accessed October 7, U.S. Department of Defense, Directive No , p U.S. Department of Defense, QDR 2014, pp Paul J. Springer, Military Robots and Drone, Abc-Clio,
8 Stephen William Hawking 29 LAWS LAWS Elon Musk Stuart Russell 30 Future of Life Institute FLI IJCAI LAWS World Economic Forum, What If: Robots Go to War? < accessed on October 7, Samuel Gibbs, Musk, Wozniak and Hawking urge ban on warfare AI and autonomous weapons, The Guardian, July 27, 2015 < accessed on October 7, Future of Life Institute, Autonomous Weapons: An Open Letter from AI and Robotics Researchers, July 28, 2015 < accessed on October 7, Ibid. 33 Alston, A/65/321, pp
9 3 HRW Stephen Goose Christof Heyns Ben Emerson LARs Lethal Autonomous Robots 36 LAWS CCW LAWS LAWS CCW LAWS CCW 34 Stephen Goose, The Future of Global Warfare: Killer Robots, November 20, 2012 < news/2012/11/20/future-global-warfare-killer-robots> accessed October 7, HRW and IHRC, Losing Humanity, pp Christof Heyns, Report of the Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions, A/68/382, September 13, 2013; Ben Emmerson, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms while Countering Terrorism, A/68/389, September 18,
10 CCW LAWS existing emerging UAV 37 NGO LAWS meaningful human control 38 HRW LAWS 39 LAWS 40 LAWS LAWS LAWS 37 United Nations, Report of the 2014 informal Meeting of Experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS), CCW/MSP/2014/3, June 11, 2014, p Ibid., pp Ibid., p Ibid., p United Nations, CCW/MSP/2014/3, pp
11 43 LAWS LAWS LAWS 44 LAWS LAWS 45 LAWS CCW LAWS LAWS CCW LAWS LAWS LAWS LAWS CCW United Nations, Report of the 2015 Informal Meeting of Experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS), CCW/MSP/2015/3, June 2, CCW LAWS < go.jp/mofaj/dns/ca/page25_ html> United Nations, CCW/MSP/2015/3, pp <
12 LAWS CCW LAWS LAWS LAWS LAWS Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle UCAV 50 CCW LAWS LAWS LAWS Richard Dean Burns, The Evolution of Arms Control: From Antiquity to the Nuclear Age (Rowman Littlefield, 2013)
13 LAWS LAWS LAWS LAWS CCW NPT Treaty on the Non- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA IAEA IAEA NPT CWC Chemical Weapons Convention 225
14 CWC CWC CWC CWC LAWS LAWS LAWS LAWS 52 LAWS LAWS LAWS
15 53 LAWS 54 LAWS 55 LAWS LAWS LAWS LAWS CWC CCW LAWS
16 LAWS LAWS LAWS LAWS CCW LAWS LAWS LAWS LAWS LAWS High Autonomy LAWS LAWS CCW LAWS 228
17 LAWS LAWS LAWS LAWS CCW LAWS CCW LAWS LAWS 56 NIDS NEWS ICRC United Nations, CCW/MSP/2014/3, p
18 CCW LAWS LAWS CCW LAWS LAWS 59 RMA Revolution in Military Affairs LAWS LAWS LAWS
19 LAWS CCW LAWS LAWS LAWS CCW LAWS 1 231
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