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82016 pp. 45~58 STUDIES IN ART 8 Bulletin of Tamagawa University, College of Arts 2016 This study aimed to identify the contemporary issues considered necessary in today s keyboard harmonica instruction, which is commonly imparted in the lower grades of Japanese elementary schools. The instruction methods were classified through class materials, such as textbooks, from the point of view of musical performance skills. We subsequently analyzed the current state of learning for each classification and examined prior cases and specialists opinions; based on these findings, we examined the methods by which instruction facilitated understanding in lower grades. Keywords: the lower grades, instrumental music, the keyboard harmonica, musical performance skills, tonguing, fingering 2016 11 29 45

1970 1 2010: 70 10 2009 2011 2011 2012 2015 2016 2016 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 46

An Examination of the Contemporary Issues of Keyboard Harmonica Instruction in the Lower Grades 1 2 1.1 1 4 3 2016a 2016b 5 p. 4 1 / 3 / / 1 2 / 4 5 / / / 1 / 3 / / / / / / / 3 2 47

2 / 3 / 1 2 / 4 5 / / 1 / / 3 / / 2 3 2016: 19 6 1 22.1 1 2.2 2.3. A A 12015c A 1 2 2015d A2A 2015e A 1 2015f A 2 B B 1 2015a B 1 22015b B2B 2015c B 1 2015d B 2 C2015a C 2015b C 48

/ An Examination of the Contemporary Issues of Keyboard Harmonica Instruction in the Lower Grades 3 5 4 5 1 2 3 / 4 5 / / 4 5 2 / / / / / / / A B 2 2 A A 1 p. 69 49

1 A22 p. 36 p. 37 2 A 2 2015b: 60 61 A2 p. 60 A2 7 B C B p. 40A B 1 2015a p. 32 p. 33 B1 p. 40 1 B 1 p. 40 p. 41 p. 42 p. 43 B 1 p. 68 B A C p. 5 C p. 2 2.1.1 A 50

An Examination of the Contemporary Issues of Keyboard Harmonica Instruction in the Lower Grades 1973: 50 1981 1984 1985 2003 2009 B 1 1976: 75 1 1999a: 3 1 2 2.1.1 A1 2.1.2 2003: 54 1999a 1 2016 p. 51 2 1 2 51

p. 52 8 2013: 15 Fu 1 9 2.1.11999a 10 4 2016 10 31 11 2.2.2 2003: 34 1999a 2013 22015: 5 3 1 2.1.1. A 12010: 70 1 52

An Examination of the Contemporary Issues of Keyboard Harmonica Instruction in the Lower Grades 1 2 3 2 3 1 5 5 A B 1 1 2 C A B 3 C 1 3 C 1 1 2 3 2 2C 1 3 A B A1 1 p. 87 C A B 2 2015b: 31 12 B 2 C 3.1.2 1 C C 53

3 C 3 C 13 C 1 C A 2 A 2A 2 2015 B 2 5 1974 1985 2003 20053.1.1 5 2003: 53 54 1 1 2 2011: 51 5 A 1999b: 3 1982: 56 2000: 21 2.2.22016 51 54

An Examination of the Contemporary Issues of Keyboard Harmonica Instruction in the Lower Grades 5 2000: 44 2015: 31 33 3.2.2 5 1 1 2 2 2 3.2.2 5 3.1.3 5 5 5 5 5 5 55

3 2008a: 142 1 2010: 70 2 3 1 3 4 http://www.nipponhyojun.co.jp/catalogue 2016 10 2 1 5 2 6 2016 7 B2 p. 37 8 2016: 52 56

An Examination of the Contemporary Issues of Keyboard Harmonica Instruction in the Lower Grades 1 5 9 2013: 15 7 2015 52 5 10 http://www.pianonymous.com/entry/2014/10/08/ 2016 10 2 11 4 http://www.pianonymous.com/entry/2016/11/01/ 12 B 2 2011 p. 44 13 C C 2011 23 115 124. 2016 66 127 131. 2013. 1984 1984 5 86 87. 1973 1973 3 49 51. 2015a1. 2015b 2. 2015c1. 2015d 1. 2015e1. 2015f2. 2015a 1. 2015b 2. 2015c 1. 2015d 2. 2011 4 17 26. 20052005 741 42. 2000. 1976 1976 4 74 75. 2003 2003 12 53 54. 2012 57

427 39. 1981 / 83 85. 2015a 1. 2015b 2. 2009 8 133 146. 2011 15 2011 650 51. 1999a 2 1999 10 3. 1999b 3 1999 11 3. 1982 1982 7 56 57. 2009. 2015. 2016 100. 2011 2. 1985 1985 514 21. 2010 vol. 1 no. 2 63 72. 2016a. 2016b. 2016 65 5 17 24. 58