NGC1068
Dark Matter Halo baryon gas stars SMBH
SMBH 1 SMBHs?
(AGN)
AGN Seyfertization Taniguchi 1987, ApJ, 317, L57
AGN The dead quasar problem (Rees 1990, Science, 247, 817) T AGN ~ 10 8 yrs AGN
AGN AGN AGN
AGN = SMBH
SMBH secular evolution bar-driven inflow galaxy interaction minor merger major merger
secular evolution AGN T AGN
bar-driven fueling f bar = 70% for both Seyfert & Normal (Mulchaey & Regan 1997, ApJ, 482, L135) (Hunt et al. 1999, ApJ, 510, 637) (Lee et al. 2012, ApJ, 759, 14) secular evolution
interaction-induced fueling f companion = 10% for Seyfert (Rafanelli et al. 1995, AJ, 109, 1546)
The Case of NGC 3227 NGC 3226 Normal E NGC 3227 Seyfert Palomar 200 inch)
The Case of NGC 3227 Asymmetric one-arm structure (Munoz Marin et al. 2007, AJ, 134, 68) (Pierre-Alain Duc) A nucleated minor merger already occurred in NGC 3227
AGN = SMBH secular evolution bar-driven inflow galaxy interaction (e.g., Peterson, 1997, Introduction to AGN) SMBH
minor merger induced fueling AGN
AGN Seyfertization Taniguchi 1999, ApJ, 524, 65
Minor merger evolution from nuclear starburst to Seyfert - Nucleated Minor Merger - Taniguchi & Wada 1996, ApJ, 469, 581
Minor merger evolution from nuclear starburst to Seyfert SMBH separation = 5 pc Dotti et al. 2012, Advances in Astronomy, id.946508
AGN Quasarization Sanders et al. 1988, ApJ, 325, 74
Hopkins et al. 2008, ApJS, 175, 356
Major merger evolution from ULIRG to quasar ultra luminous starburst quasar NASA/ESA/STScI
Starburst comes first and then AGN comes later
Starburst-AGN connection 2016 109, 339
The Merger-Driven Unified Model for Triggering AGNs All AGNs were made by nucleated mergers! (Taniguchi 2013, ASPC, 477, 265)
Nucleated merger SMBH major merger SMBH minor merger SMBH
Nucleated or Not M32 = nucleated satellite M31 will be Seyfertized LMC = non-nucleated satellite MW will NOT be Seyfertized
M31 10
POSS(DSS) 19 Palomar Observatory Sky Survey Digitized Sky Survey SDSS 23 Sloan Digital Sky Survey
SDSS Sloan Digital Sky Survey (original) Sloan Digital Sky Survey (Stripe 82) (Schawinski et al. 2010, ApJ, 714, L108)
NGC 1068 POSS SDSS ( M. Brighton)
NGC 1068 Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (Tanaka et al. 2017, PASJ, 69, in press)
HSC NGC 1068 (Tanaka et al. 2017, PASJ, 69, in press)
NGC 5907 POSS (Martinez-Delgado et al. 2009, ApJ, 692, 955)
SMBH AGN AGN SMBH
SMBH binary M ~10 7 M sun for Seyfert r ~ 10 12 cm r AD ~10 15 cm ~ 0.001 pc 2 SMBH r 2 < 0.1 pc 10-3 arcsec @ D=10 Mpc
Binary SMBH Observational Evidence 1. Periodic Luminosity Variation 2. Wiggling of Radio Jets 3. Double BLRs 4. Double NLRs 5. Orbital Motion
[1] Super massive binary?? OJ 287 11 Sillanpaa et al. 1988, ApJ, 325, 628)
Proposed Orbital Motion of SMBH Binary in OJ 287 (Valtonen et al. 2006, ApJ, 646, 36)
Periodic luminosity variation in 3C 273 3C 273
[2]?? 4C 73.18 (Roos et al. 1993, ApJ, 409, 130 )
[3] Double BLRs Super massive binary? Disk Line? Hβ SDSS J1536+441 Double BLRs (Boroson & Lauer 09, Nature, 458, 53; Gaskell 09, Nature, 463, 81)
[4] Double NLR Waltzing Supermassive Binary (Comerford et al. 2009, ApJ, 698, 956) AGN 91 32 [OIII] velocity offset Inspiraling SMBH? 50
[4] Orbital Motion Supermassive Binary in 3C 66B 1 光年 10 (Sudou et al. 2003, Science, 300, 1263)
Orbital Motion of Supermassive Binary in 3C 66B 電波ジェット 赤緯 [ ミリ秒角 ] 10 光年 6 2 1 4 5 0.1 光年 電波ジェットの根元 3 赤径 [ ミリ秒角 ]
Orbital Motion of Supermassive Binary in 3C 66B (see also, Iguchi et al. 2010, ApJ, 724, L166) https://alma-intweb.mtk.nao.ac.jp/~iguchi/press_release/bbh.pdf
Orbital Motion of Supermassive Binary in 3C 66B (Iguchi et al. 2010, ApJ, 724, L166) https://alma-intweb.mtk.nao.ac.jp/~iguchi/press_release/bbh.pdf
NGC 1068
NGC 1068 Nuclear Radio Jet NE C S1 S2 (Gallimore+04, ApJ, 613, 794)
Two H 2 O Maser Systems Jet maser Jet maser Nuclear maser Nuclear maser (Gallimore+96, ApJ, 462, 740) (Gallimore+01, ApJ, 556, 694)
5 GHz continuum NE C Bipolar jet? or Bent edge-on disk? Torus (Gallimore;97, Nature, 388, 852) S1 S2 (Gallimore+04, ApJ, 613, 794)
NE C S1 S2 (Gallimore+04, ApJ, 613, 794)
NGC 1068 S1 C SMBH
SMBH
SMBH
2007 7
2017 Oct 25