Jr. *1 *2 W 2014 6 2008 *1 Jr. (2005) 55-56 *2 Arthur M. Schlesinger (2004).
*3 *4 (Unmanned Air Vehicle) *5 2004 2008 5 42 2009 2012 4 252 *6 *7 (Anwar al-awlaki) 2011 9 30 (Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula) 1981 12333 *8 (unlawful killing) *9 2010 2010 4 6 *3 Barak Obama, Remarks by the President at the Acceptance of the Nobel Peace Prize, December 10, 2009, http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/ remarks-president-acceptance-nobel-peace-prize. *4 (2014) *5 (2012) (2013) *6 Peter Bergen, CIA drone war in Pakistan in sharp decline, Cnn Online http://edition.cnn.com/ 2012/03/27/opinion/bergen-drone-decline/. *7 Bashir & Crews ed. (2012). Gardner (2013). *8 Executive Order 12333, http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/ executive-order/12333.html. *9 18 U.S.C. 1119(b). 2
* 10 2009 12 25 * 11 2010 7 2011 9 30 2011 10 2013 1 * 12 2013 2 NBC ( Department of Justice White Paper ) * 13 2013 5 22 * 14 23 * 15 2014 6 23 * 16 1. 2013 5 22 (Presidential Policy Guidance) *10 Scott Shane, U.S. Approves Targeted Killing of American Cleric, New York Times, April 6, 2010. *11 Charlie Savage, Court Releases Large Parts of Memo Approving Killing of American in Yemen, New York Times, June 23, 2014. *12 Adam Liptak, Secrecy of Memo on Drone Killing Is Upheld, New York Times, January 2, 2013. *13 Department of Justice White Paper, http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/msnbc/sections/news/020413_ DOJ_White_Paper.pdf. *14 Presidential Policy Guidance, U.S. Policy Standards and Procedures for the Use of Force in Counterterrorism Operations Outside the United States and Areas of Active Hostilities, May 22, 2013, http://fas.org/irp/offdocs/ppd/ppg-fs.pdf. *15 Barak Obama, Remarks by the President at the National Defense University, May 23, 2013, http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/05/23/ remarks-president-national-defense-university. Charie Savage and Scott Shane, Memo Cites Legal Basis for Killing U.S. Citizens in Al Qaeda, itnew York Times, February 5, 2013. *16 Charlie Savage, Court Releases Large Parts of Memo Approving Killing of American in Yemen, New York Times, June 23, 2014. 3
23 (National Defense University) * 17 9.11 9.11 9.11 (just war) 4 5 22 *17 Obama, Remarks by the President at the National Defense University. 4
* 18 2. 2013 5 22 (Presidential Policy Guidance) Presidential Policy Directives * 19 * 20 *18 Obama, Remarks by the President at the National Defense University. *19 2014 7 28 10 http: //fas.org/irp/offdocs/ppd/. *20 Presidential Policy Guidance, U.S. Policy Standards and Procedures for the Use of Force in Counterterrorism Operations Outside the United States and Areas of Active Hostilities, May 22, 2013 5
5 23 23 23 23 6
3. 2014 6 23 2 * 21 2011 9 2011 10 (American Civil Liberties Union) 2013 1 * 22 2014 6 23 2011 2010 (Office of Legal Counsel) (David Barron) * 23 2010 18 * 24 2009 2010 7 * 25 *21 Charlie Savage, Court Releases Large Parts of Memo Approving Killing of American in Yemen, New York Times, June 23, 2014. David Barron, Memorandum for the Attorney General, July 16, 2010. http://www.washingtonpost.com/r/2010-2019/washingtonpost/ 2014/06/23/National-Security/Graphics/memodrones.pdf. *22 Adam Liptak, Secrecy of Memo on Drone Killing Is Upheld, New York Times, January 2, 2013. *23 Office of Legal Counsel, About the Office, http://www.justice.gov/olc *24 1996 1999 http://www. law.harvard.edu/faculty/directory/10046/barron, http://www.ca1.uscourts.gov/david-j-barron. *25 Charlie Savage, Court Releases Large Parts of Memo Approving Killing of American in Yemen, New York Times, June 23, 2014. 7
* 26 CIA (unlawful killing) * 27 * 28 2001 9 11 W 2001 9 18 * 29 9.11 (necessary and appropriate) * 30 *26 18 U.S.C. 1119(b) *27 Barron, Memorandum for the Attorney General, 17. *28 Ibid., 17 19. *29 Richard Grimmett, Authorization For Use of Military Force in Response to the 9/11 Attacks(P.L. 107-40): Legislative History, CRS Report for Congress, January 16, 2007. *30 Barron, Memorandum for the Attorney General, p21. 8
* 31 CIA 2014 6 23 CIA * 32 (seizure) * 33 * 34 (high-level government officials) * 35 *31 Ibid. *32 Ibid., 31. *33 Tennessee v. Garner, 471 U.S. 1, 8 (1985). Scott v. Harris, 550 U.S. 372, 383 (2007) *34 Barron, Memorandum for the Attorney General, 41. *35 Ibid. Ibid., 38 39. 9
19 20 20 2001 2013 5 23 9.11 10
* 36 Bashir, Shahzad & Robert D. Crews eds., 2012, Under the Drones: Modern Lives in the Afghanistan-Pakistan Borderlands, Harvard University Press. Crenson, Matthew A. & Benjamin Ginsberg, 2007, Presidential Power: Unchecked and Unbalanced, Norton. Fisher, Louis, 2004, Presidential War Power 2nd edition, Lawrence: University Press of Kansas., 2005, Military Tribunals and Presidential Power: American Revolution to the War on Terrorism, University Press of Kansas. Gardner, Lloyd C., 2013, Killing Machine: The American Presidency in the Age of Drone Warfare, The New Press. Goldsmith, Jack, 2009, The Terror Presidency: Law and Judgment Inside the Bush Administration, W. W. Norton & Company. Roth, Kenneth, 2013, What Rules Should Govern US Drone Attacks?, The New York Review of Books, April 4. Schlesinger, Arthur M., 2004, The Imperial Presidency, Houghton Mifflin., 2013, UAV 15(2), 2014, 630 Jr., 2005,, 2010, NHK, 2003, 14, 2013, :, 2012, 15(1) *36 Goldsmith (2009). 11