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March 2019 Bellah, Robert N. 1970 1973 Duverger, Maurice 1964 1968 Inglehart, Ronald 1997 Modernization and Postmodernization. Princeton University Press. Inkeles, Alex 1997 2003 Jagodzinski, Wolfgang 2013 a 117 Jagodzinski, Wolfgang2013 b 116 Jagodzinski, Wolfgang2015 a 120 Jagodzinski, Wolfgang2015 b 122 Levy, Shlomit ed. 1994 Louis Guttman on Theory and Methodology : Selected Writings. Dartmouth. Lewis-Beck, Michael S. 1994 Basic Measurement. International Handbooks of Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences. Vol.4. Sage. Luckman, Thomas 1967 1976 1993 2002 2008 104 2009 107 2010 4 2011 ISSP 2008 111 2012 ISSP 2008 115 2014 118 2017 a 12 2017 b 126 2018 14 1998 2007 SPSS 2018 Norris, Pippa and Inglehart, Ronald 2004. Sacred and Secular. Cambridge University Press. 1989 20 1981 43 2012 1960 1982 3

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March 2019 Secondary Analysis of the Japanese National Character Survey: Focusing on Question Items of Religious Consciousness ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to inquire into the various aspects, structure and character of Japanese religious consciousness by conducting a secondary analysis of the Japanese National Character Survey (the 13 th nationwide survey) data. The survey has been carried out every five years since 1953 by the Institute of Statistical Mathematics (ISM). More detailed information is available on ISM s home page of the Japanese National Character Survey. Secondary analysis is a type of research in which data collected by others are reanalyzed based on the analyzer s own theories, hypotheses and methods. In this paper, I attempt to conduct descriptive analysis, structural analysis and causal analysis focusing on four question items of Japanese religiosity asked in the Japanese National Character Survey. 1. As the method for the descriptive analysis, I propose an idea of geometrical portrayal of the positive rates to the question items of Japanese religiosity using the frequency distribution tables. That is, concretely speaking, a method of piling up each question item in accordance with the size of % of the positive response, and finally drawing a pyramid shape. 2. The methods used for the structural analysis are: (1) correlation matrix, (2) scale analysis, (3) factor analysis and (4) Cronbach s Alpha. 3. The specific procedures involved in the causal analysis are: (1) drawing line graphs showing the relationships between the socio-demographic items and the religiosity items, and (2) drawing line graphs showing the relationships between the religiosity items and the personal-social consciousness and values items. The results of these data analyses show that four question items asked in the Japanese National Character Survey have lower internal reliabilities and lower external validities than expected. Key Words: Japanese National Character Survey, secondary analysis, the various aspects, structure and character of religious consciousness, frequency distribution, reliability, validity