Original Articles CLINICAL STUDY OF ACUTE HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS ASSOCIATED WITH ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY I. CLINICAL PICTURES AND FECAL BACTERIAL FLORA Koichi

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Original Articles CLINICAL STUDY OF ACUTE HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS ASSOCIATED WITH ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY I. CLINICAL PICTURES AND FECAL BACTERIAL FLORA Koichi SUZUKI, Kazuhiro OBI, Tetsuji KITAHORA, Akira YOKOTA, Miwako MUKAI and Tadayoshi MORI (Okura National Hospital, Tokyo) Acute hemorrhagic colitis developing after the administration of oral synthetic penicillin has been paid attention as antibiotic-induced colitis in Japan. The authors have experienced 29 cases since 1977. Antibiotics causing this disease were ABPC in 20 cases, AMPC in 2, ACPC in 1, SBPC in 1, CEX in 3, LM in 1, etc. These drugs were administered orally for a short period of 1-5 days. The onset of the disease was characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea developing relatively suddenly followed a little later by tomato juice-like bloody diarrhea. Light fever was observed in 14 cases (48%). The location of inflammatory lesion was confirmed by emergency endoscopy in 14 cases, It was found more proximal to the descending colon in 8 cases, and more proximal to the sigmoid in 6 cases. Mucosal edema and bleeding were also observed. In addition to this, longitudinal linear redness and narrowing of the lumen caused by dark red swelling of mucosa were observed in approximately 70% of the cases. Histologically, hemorrhage into lamina propria mucosae was prominent, inflammatory cell infiltration was relatively mild and eosinophilic infiltration was marked. Neither ulcer formation nor pseudomembranous plaque were observed. In order to investigate the cause of the colitis, authors performed a quantitative analysis of aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora in 12 cases. The total number of bacteria in 1g of bloody feces was decreased to log 7-9 cells and the value of log (anaerobic bacterial number per gram / aerobic bacterial number per gram) was less than 1.1 in most cases which was generally about 2 in healthy adults. Klebsiella oxytoca was observed in 9 cases (75%), the number of which was log 2.75-9.30/g, and clostridin difficile was not detected at all in any case. The clinical and endoscopic pictures of the present disease was very similar to that of transient type of ischemic colitis, and it was concluded that the cause of antibiotics-induced hemorrhagic colitis might be different from that of pseudomembranous colitis.

Table 3 Endoscopic findings

(医 療 第37巻 Fig. 1 第8号) Colonoscopic appearance of ABPC induced colitis 1/2 day after the onset showing narrowing of the lumen with markedly edematous reddish mucosa. Fig. 3 Barium and Fig. 2 Longitudinal anal side reddish of the lesion luminal seen enema showing irregularity narrowing colon. at narrowing. Fig. 4 例 も検 出 され て い ない. Histological findings specimen:extensive 考 the of transverse 案 are seen. not prominent. of biopsy mucosal Inflammatory bleeding change is (HE ~40) 腸 内細 菌叢 が 何 らか の 原 因 に よ り質 的 あ るい は量 的 に 変 化 す る こと に よ り, 下 痢 や 腸 炎 が 惹 起 され る こ と な く な つ た. は 日常 臨 床上 し ば しば遭 遇 す る現 象 で あ る. しか し腸 る も の と し て, 内 細 菌が どの よ うに変 化 し, どの よ うな 機序 に よ り腸 い る リ ン コ マ イ シ ンお よ び ク リ ン ダ マ イ シ ン に よ る も 粘膜 に病 的状 態 を ひ きお こす の か は一 部 の疾 患 での み の が あ げ られ る. 明 らか に され て い る にす ぎな い. 1950年 代 に 主 と し シ ンの副 作 用 と して偽 膜 性 腸 炎 が 起 る こ とが 報告 され て 病 院 内 で 発 生 した ブ ドウ球 菌 性腸 炎 は 菌 交 代 症 の て 以 来, 結 果Staphylococcus ハ ム ス タ ー に お け る リン コマ イ シ ンに よ る実 験 的腸 炎 enterotoxinに aureusの 増 殖, その 産 生 す る よ る, 時 に 偽 膜 まで 形 成 す る比 較 的 更 に その 発 症 機 序 が 明 らか に され つ つ あ 近 年 偽 膜 性(大)腸 1970年Benner2)に よ リ リン コ マ イ 多 くの 報 告 が 相 次 ぎ, 特 に1968年Small3)の 作 成 の 成 績 と併 せ, Rifkinら4), 激 しい粘 膜 病 変 で あ る こ とが 明 らか に され た1). 1960 患 者 糞 便 中 のClostridium 年 代 にな り抗 ブ ドウ球 菌 剤(ペ ニ シ リン, カ ナ マ イ シ stridium difficileが ンな ど)が 登 場 す るに 及 ん で現 在 で は ほ とん どみ られ 炎 と して注 目 され て toxinの Bartlettら5)に よる 発 見 に よ り, Clo- 一 躍 注 目 さ れ る よ う に な つ た. 一 方 本 邦 に お い て 報 告 の 多 い 合 成 ペ ニ シ リ ン -759-

Am. J. Gastroenterol., 54, 55, 1970 3) Small, J. D.:Fatal enterocolitis in hamsters given lincomyicin hydrochloride. Lab. Anim. Care, 18, 411, 1968 4) Rifkin, G. D. et al.:antibiotic-induced colitis. Implication of a toxin neuralized by Clostridium sordellii antitoxin. Lancet, 2, 1103, 1977 5) Bartlett, J. G. et al.:antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis due to toxinproducing clostridia. N. Engl. J. Med., 298, 531, 1978